AnishMahto commented on code in PR #55836:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/55836#discussion_r3244444640


##########
sql/pipelines/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/pipelines/autocdc/ChangeArgs.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.pipelines.autocdc
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.{AnalysisException, Column}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.CatalystSqlParser
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.StructType
+
+/**
+ * A column reference that must be a single, unqualified identifier (no nested 
field path and
+ * no table/alias qualifier). The constructor parses [[name]] with the Spark 
SQL parser and
+ * throws an [[AnalysisException]] if it does not resolve to exactly one name 
part.
+ */
+case class UnqualifiedColumnName(name: String) {
+  UnqualifiedColumnName.validate(name)
+}
+
+object UnqualifiedColumnName {
+  private def validate(columnName: String): Unit = {
+    val nameParts = CatalystSqlParser.parseMultipartIdentifier(columnName)
+    if (nameParts.length != 1) {
+      throw multipartColumnIdentifierError(columnName, nameParts)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private def multipartColumnIdentifierError(
+      columnName: String,
+      nameParts: Seq[String]
+  ): AnalysisException =
+    new AnalysisException(
+      errorClass = 
"AUTOCDC_INVALID_COLUMN_SELECTION.MULTIPART_COLUMN_IDENTIFIER",
+      messageParameters = Map(
+        "columnName" -> columnName,
+        "nameParts" -> nameParts.mkString(", ")
+      )
+    )
+}
+
+sealed trait ColumnSelection
+object ColumnSelection {
+  type ColumnList = Seq[UnqualifiedColumnName]
+
+  case class IncludeColumns(columns: ColumnList) extends ColumnSelection
+  case class ExcludeColumns(columns: ColumnList) extends ColumnSelection
+
+  /**
+   * Applies [[ColumnSelection]] to a [[StructType]] and returns the filtered 
schema.
+   * Field names are matched exactly. Field order follows the original schema 
(filtered in place).
+   */
+  def applyToSchema(schema: StructType, columnSelection: 
Option[ColumnSelection]): StructType =
+    columnSelection match {
+      case None =>
+        // A none column selection is interpreted as a no-op.
+        schema
+      case Some(IncludeColumns(includeColumns)) =>
+        validateColumnsExistInSchema(includeColumns, schema)
+
+        val includeColumnSet = includeColumns.map(_.name).toSet
+        StructType(schema.fields.filter(f => 
includeColumnSet.contains(f.name)))
+      case Some(ExcludeColumns(excludeColumns)) =>
+        validateColumnsExistInSchema(excludeColumns, schema)
+
+        val excludeColumnSet = excludeColumns.map(_.name).toSet
+        StructType(schema.fields.filterNot(f => 
excludeColumnSet.contains(f.name)))
+    }
+
+  private def validateColumnsExistInSchema(columns: ColumnList, schema: 
StructType): Unit = {
+    val schemaColumns = schema.fieldNames.toSet
+    val missingColumns = 
columns.map(_.name).filterNot(schemaColumns.contains).distinct
+    if (missingColumns.nonEmpty) {
+      throw new AnalysisException(
+        errorClass = "AUTOCDC_INVALID_COLUMN_SELECTION.COLUMNS_NOT_FOUND",
+        messageParameters = Map(
+          "missingColumns" -> missingColumns.mkString(", "),
+          "availableColumns" -> schema.fieldNames.mkString(", ")
+        ))
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** The SCD (Slowly Changing Dimension) strategy for a CDC flow. */
+sealed trait ScdType
+
+object ScdType {
+  /** Representation for the standard SCD1 strategy. */
+  case object Type1 extends ScdType
+  /** Representation for the standard SCD2 strategy. */
+  case object Type2 extends ScdType
+}
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for an AutoCDC flow.
+ *
+ * @param keys            The column(s) that uniquely identify a row in the 
source data.
+ * @param sequencing      Expression ordering CDC events to correctly resolve 
out-of-order
+ *                        arrivals. Must be a sortable type.
+ * @param deleteCondition Expression that marks a source row as a DELETE. When 
None, all
+ *                        rows are treated as upserts.
+ * @param storedAsScdType The SCD strategy these args should be applied to.
+ * @param columnSelection Which source columns to select in the target table. 
None means
+ *                        all columns.
+ */
+case class ChangeArgs(
+    keys: Seq[String],
+    sequencing: Column,
+    storedAsScdType: ScdType,
+    deleteCondition: Option[Column] = None,
+    columnSelection: Option[ColumnSelection] = None
+)

Review Comment:
   This is fine, its reasonable to expect callers to know how equality on 
`Column` fields will resolve. We don't have any particular usages of comparing 
to `ChangeArgs` case classes today, and if we do have a need in the future that 
changes what would be semantically meaningful for comparison, we can make the 
change then.



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