anew commented on code in PR #57644:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/57644#discussion_r3794099031


##########
sql/pipelines/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/pipelines/graph/AutoCdcReservedColumnMaterializationSuite.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.pipelines.graph
+
+import java.util.Locale
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Row
+import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.runtime.MemoryStream
+import org.apache.spark.sql.functions
+import org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SQLConf
+import org.apache.spark.sql.pipelines.autocdc.{AutoCdcReservedNames, 
Scd1BatchProcessor}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.pipelines.utils.{ExecutionTest, 
TestGraphRegistrationContext}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.test.SharedSparkSession
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.{IntegerType, LongType, StringType, 
StructType}
+
+/**
+ * Materialization-level tests for AUTO CDC's engine-owned reserved metadata 
column (SPARK-58118).
+ *
+ * The reserved `__spark_autocdc_metadata` column is engine-owned: a 
user-declared schema may omit
+ * it, and materialization appends the engine-owned shape so the created table 
matches what the
+ * AUTO CDC MERGE writes at runtime. Reserved-column matching goes through the 
flow's effective
+ * case sensitivity -- a pipeline-level `SET spark.sql.caseSensitive` can 
differ from the session --
+ * so these tests inspect the created table's schema rather than only 
validation.
+ */
+class AutoCdcReservedColumnMaterializationSuite
+    extends ExecutionTest
+    with SharedSparkSession
+    with AutoCdcGraphExecutionTestMixin {
+
+  test("materialization appends the engine-owned reserved metadata column when 
the user " +
+    "schema omits it") {
+    val session = spark
+    import session.implicits._

Review Comment:
   minor: can this be imported once per suite, instead of for every test? 



##########
sql/pipelines/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/pipelines/graph/AutoCdcReservedColumnMaterializationSuite.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.pipelines.graph
+
+import java.util.Locale
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Row
+import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.runtime.MemoryStream
+import org.apache.spark.sql.functions
+import org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SQLConf
+import org.apache.spark.sql.pipelines.autocdc.{AutoCdcReservedNames, 
Scd1BatchProcessor}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.pipelines.utils.{ExecutionTest, 
TestGraphRegistrationContext}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.test.SharedSparkSession
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.{IntegerType, LongType, StringType, 
StructType}
+
+/**
+ * Materialization-level tests for AUTO CDC's engine-owned reserved metadata 
column (SPARK-58118).
+ *
+ * The reserved `__spark_autocdc_metadata` column is engine-owned: a 
user-declared schema may omit
+ * it, and materialization appends the engine-owned shape so the created table 
matches what the
+ * AUTO CDC MERGE writes at runtime. Reserved-column matching goes through the 
flow's effective
+ * case sensitivity -- a pipeline-level `SET spark.sql.caseSensitive` can 
differ from the session --
+ * so these tests inspect the created table's schema rather than only 
validation.
+ */
+class AutoCdcReservedColumnMaterializationSuite
+    extends ExecutionTest
+    with SharedSparkSession
+    with AutoCdcGraphExecutionTestMixin {
+
+  test("materialization appends the engine-owned reserved metadata column when 
the user " +
+    "schema omits it") {
+    val session = spark
+    import session.implicits._
+
+    // The user declares only the logical data columns and omits the 
engine-owned reserved
+    // metadata column. Materialization must append it so the created target 
has exactly what the
+    // AUTO CDC MERGE writes; otherwise the MERGE fails with an unresolved 
metadata column.
+    val declaredSchema = new StructType()
+      .add("id", IntegerType, nullable = false)
+      .add("name", StringType)
+      .add("version", LongType, nullable = false)
+
+    val stream = MemoryStream[(Int, String, Long)]
+    stream.addData((1, "alice", 5L))
+    val ctx = new TestGraphRegistrationContext(spark) {
+      registerTable(
+        "target",
+        catalog = Some(catalog),
+        database = Some(namespace),
+        specifiedSchema = Some(declaredSchema))
+      registerFlow(autoCdcFlow(
+        name = "auto_cdc_flow",
+        target = "target",
+        query = dfFlowFunc(stream.toDF().toDF("id", "name", "version")),
+        keys = Seq("id"),
+        sequencing = functions.col("version")))
+    }
+    runPipeline(ctx)
+
+    val targetSchema = spark.table(s"$catalog.$namespace.target").schema
+    assert(
+      
targetSchema.fieldNames.contains(AutoCdcReservedNames.cdcMetadataColName),
+      "target should carry the engine-owned reserved metadata column, got " +
+        targetSchema.fieldNames.mkString(", "))
+    checkAnswer(
+      spark.table(s"$catalog.$namespace.target"),
+      Seq(Row(1, "alice", 5L, cdcMeta(None, Some(5L))))
+    )
+  }
+
+  test("materialization matches the reserved metadata column through the 
flow's effective case " +
+    "sensitivity, not the session's") {
+    // The session is case-sensitive, but the flow sets 
spark.sql.caseSensitive=false, so the

Review Comment:
   This iis a good test. Can we also have the reverse test, where the session 
is case-insensitive, but the flow sets spark.sql.caseSensitive=true?
   
   In that scenario, a user-provided name in a different case is distinct from 
the system column name, and both survive. Under the session's case-insensitive 
resolver they would collapse into one. 
   
   Here both columns survive, and the engine correctly uses the lower-case 
column for its metadata. 



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