viirya opened a new pull request, #59334:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/59334

   ### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
   
   `Decimal.fromString` and `Decimal.fromStringANSI` fast-fail on strings whose 
number of integral digits exceeds `DecimalType.MAX_PRECISION`, computed as 
`precision - scale` of the parsed `java.math.BigDecimal`. This PR computes that 
value as a `Long` instead of an `Int`.
   
   ### Why are the changes needed?
   
   For strings with an exponent near `Int.MaxValue`, e.g. `'1e2147483647'` 
(precision 1, scale -2147483647), `precision - scale` overflows `Int` to a 
negative number and the fast-fail check is skipped. The subsequent conversion 
then fails with a raw `java.lang.ArithmeticException` (`BigInteger would 
overflow supported range` or `Underflow`), so `try_cast`, legacy `CAST` and 
ANSI `CAST` all fail the task instead of returning NULL or raising 
`NUMERIC_OUT_OF_SUPPORTED_RANGE`.
   
   ### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
   
   Yes. Casting such strings to decimal now returns NULL (`try_cast` / non-ANSI 
`CAST`) or raises `NUMERIC_OUT_OF_SUPPORTED_RANGE` (ANSI `CAST`), the same as 
other out-of-range strings such as `'6E+38'`, instead of failing with 
`java.lang.ArithmeticException`. `'0e2147483647'`, which previously slipped 
through the check and returned 0, is now handled like `'0e100'` and 
`'0e2147483646'`.
   
   ### How was this patch tested?
   
   New test cases in `DecimalSuite`, `CastWithAnsiOnSuite`, 
`CastWithAnsiOffSuite` and `TryCastSuite` (inherited), covering interpreted and 
codegen evaluation. They fail without this fix.
   
   ### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?
   
   Generated-by: Claude Code (Claude Opus 5.5)
   
   This pull request and its description were written by Isaac.
   


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