Hello Thorin -

It's difficult to come up with a quick  formula for a grade transition because 
of the many variables involved such as wheel base of locomotives, length of 
cars, etc.  

My opinion is that if your layout needs a 4% grade to enable you to operate on 
two levels then any transition will be too long for you to incorporate in your 
layout - not to mention that chances are your trains will not operate on 4%.

Before you commit to a layout design I suggest you experiment.  Find a long 
board, temporarily set up some flex track on it, and try running your 
anticipated trains up various grades using this board.  If you find your trains 
will handle the grade you need then experiment with transitions.  You can use 
some plywood and allow the natural flex of the plywood to act as the vertical 
transition. Nail it flat on the low end and block up the other end - remember 
you need a transition on both ends - high and low.

This is more reliable and convincing  than any formula.

Art A 
  ----- Original Message ----- 
  From: Marty.Thorin 
  To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ; [email protected] 
  Sent: Saturday, February 16, 2008 4:53 AM
  Subject: {S-Scale List} Transition segments


  Good morning!
  I am doing some armchair layout construction.  I will need a 4%
  grade for this proposal.  I am worried about going from 0% grade to 4%
  grade without a transition.  I looked at the NMRA website and they do
  not discuss grades (nor transitions).  I did a web search and did not
  find anything about grade transition.  (I did find Woodland Scenic's
  foam grades and wondered if these have transitions.)

  How long is the transition section from flat to 4% and how much rise
  does it yield?  2%?  3%?
  Is there a formula?

  Many thanks in advance for this information,
  Thorin


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