#12876: Fix element and parent classes of Hom categories to be abstract, and
simplify the Hom logic.
------------------------------------------------+---------------------------
       Reporter:  nthiery                       |         Owner:  nthiery       
            
           Type:  enhancement                   |        Status:  needs_review  
            
       Priority:  major                         |     Milestone:  sage-5.4      
            
      Component:  categories                    |    Resolution:                
            
       Keywords:  categories, Hom               |   Work issues:  fix doctests 
and segfaults
Report Upstream:  N/A                           |     Reviewers:  Simon King    
            
        Authors:  Nicolas M. ThiƩry             |     Merged in:                
            
   Dependencies:  #715, #11521, #12215, #12313  |      Stopgaps:                
            
------------------------------------------------+---------------------------
Changes (by SimonKing):

  * status:  needs_work => needs_review


Old description:

> This patch fixes the parent and element classes for Hom categories to
> be purely abstract, and simplifies the Hom logic:
>
> - Unified the logic for selecting the class when building a Homset
>   (e.g. Homset, RingHomset, HeckeModuleHomspace, ...). This is now
>   systematically done through the _Hom_ hook. The logic still has a
>   fundamental flaw, but that's for the later #10668.
> - The cache for Hom is handled at a single point in Hom
>   In particular, homsets created via the _Hom_ hook are now unique.
> - If category is None, Hom simply calls itself with the meet of the
>   categories of the parent, which removes a cache handling duplication.
> - Parent.Hom calls  Hom directly (removes duplicate _Hom_ logic).
> - ParentWithBase.Hom was redundant and is gone.
> - Reduce the footprint of the current trick to delegate
>   Hom(F,F)(on_basis=...) to module_morphism, allow for the diagonal
>   option too, an make sure the homset category is set properly.
> - Update a doctest in sage.modules.vector_space_homspace to take into
>   account that homsets created via _Hom_ are now unique.
> - Scheme is (apparently) an abstract base class; so it should not be
>   instantiated. I changed some doctests in
>   sage.schemes.generic.SchemeMorphism to use instead the concrete
>   Spec(ZZ). Those doctests were breaking because Scheme does not
>   implement equality, which is required for Hom caching.
>
> As a byproduct, the HeckeModules category does not import any more
> HeckeModulesHomspace, which was a recurrent source of import loops.
>
> #11935 depends on this ticket
>
> Apply:
>
>  * [attachment:trac_12876_category-fix_abstract_class-sk-rel11521.patch]
>  * [attachment:trac_12876-reviewer.patch]
>  * [attachment:trac_12876_category-fix_abstract_class-nt-rel11521-review-
> nt.patch]

New description:

 This patch fixes the parent and element classes for Hom categories to
 be purely abstract, and simplifies the Hom logic:

 - Unified the logic for selecting the class when building a Homset
   (e.g. Homset, RingHomset, HeckeModuleHomspace, ...). This is now
   systematically done through the _Hom_ hook. The logic still has a
   fundamental flaw, but that's for the later #10668.
 - The cache for Hom is handled at a single point in Hom
   In particular, homsets created via the _Hom_ hook are now unique.
 - If category is None, Hom simply calls itself with the meet of the
   categories of the parent, which removes a cache handling duplication.
 - Parent.Hom calls  Hom directly (removes duplicate _Hom_ logic).
 - ParentWithBase.Hom was redundant and is gone.
 - Reduce the footprint of the current trick to delegate
   Hom(F,F)(on_basis=...) to module_morphism, allow for the diagonal
   option too, an make sure the homset category is set properly.
 - Update a doctest in sage.modules.vector_space_homspace to take into
   account that homsets created via _Hom_ are now unique.
 - Scheme is (apparently) an abstract base class; so it should not be
   instantiated. I changed some doctests in
   sage.schemes.generic.SchemeMorphism to use instead the concrete
   Spec(ZZ). Those doctests were breaking because Scheme does not
   implement equality, which is required for Hom caching.

 As a byproduct, the HeckeModules category does not import any more
 HeckeModulesHomspace, which was a recurrent source of import loops.

 #11935 depends on this ticket

 Apply:

  * [attachment:trac_12876_category-fix_abstract_class-sk-rel11521.patch]
  * [attachment:trac_12876-reviewer.patch]
  * [attachment:trac_12876_category-fix_abstract_class-nt-rel11521-review-
 nt.patch]
  * [attachment:trac_12876_fix_infinite_polynomial_ring.patch]

--

Comment:

 Got it!

 Infinite polynomial rings were using `WeakKeyDict` in
 `_has_coerce_map_from_`for caching whether there is a coercion. That has
 probably been a bad idea, because the methods that are really used
 (`has_coerce_map`) have a cache anyway.

 Removing the additional cache fixes the segfault.

 Apply trac_12876_category-fix_abstract_class-sk-rel11521.patch
 trac_12876-reviewer.patch trac_12876_category-fix_abstract_class-nt-
 rel11521-review-nt.patch trac_12876_fix_infinite_polynomial_ring.patch

-- 
Ticket URL: <http://trac.sagemath.org/sage_trac/ticket/12876#comment:59>
Sage <http://www.sagemath.org>
Sage: Creating a Viable Open Source Alternative to Magma, Maple, Mathematica, 
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