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Today's Topics:
1. Re: Request for Explanation (Vis Tekumalla)
2. "na" / "Na" ? (Haresh Bakshi)
3. Re: "na" / "Na" ? (peekayar)
4. Re: "na" / "Na" ? (Toke Lindegaard Knudsen)
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Message: 1
Date: Sat, 18 Sep 2004 18:59:01 -0700 (PDT)
From: Vis Tekumalla <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: [Sanskrit] Request for Explanation
To: Sai <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Ambujam Raman <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Message-ID: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Okay, I will stick my neck out and answer some of Sai's questions:-)
Question No. 1
Taking the dhAtu kR^i (to do),
kR^i + a + ti = kar + a + ti = ??? = karoti
How does it end up as karoti?
The kR^i dhatu is an oddball in the 8th gana. All other 8th gana dhatus� bases are
formed by adding an �o� and �u� directly to each dhatu, but kR^i first undergoes a
guna transformation to form �kar� (R^i to ar), and goes through another transformation
to form �kur� (I don�t know how that second transformation comes about), and only then
the �o� is added to �kar� to form the base �karo,� and the �u� is added to �kur� to
form the base �kuru.� The needed terminations such as �ti� or �si� or �mi� or �tu� are
appended to �karo� to form �karoti� or �karosi� or �karomi� or �karotu.� As for
terminations with �kuru,� it drops its final �u� (which it just acquired) if the
termination itself starts with a �v� or �m.� Examples: kurvaH, kurmaH, kurvanti, etc.
If they don�t, it gets to keep its �u;� examples: kuruthaH, kurute (in atmanepada),
etc. The �o� and the �u� appending in 8th gana is similar to the �a� appending to
prepare bases for the the 1st gana dhatus.
Question No. 2:
You referred to things called gaNas.
Is it true that all dhAtus (roots) in sanskrit are divided into (say 10)
gaNas (groups) with different rules for word formation?
Yes. Our High School Sanskrit teacher used to say that if you learn to play with the
1st gana dhatus (nii, bhuu, etc.), a major part of your battle with Sanskrit dhatus is
won because 50% of the 2000 or so dhatus reside in the 1st gana. Also, the 4th, 6th,
and 10th ganas are not that different from the 1st gana as far as rules go. In
contrast, the 8th gana I mentioned above (in which kR^i resides) has only 7 dhatus in
it. Of course, we cannot do without learning how to do it with �do� (k^Ri).
Question No. 3
Can we define a self-existent word in sanskrit as something like,
word = gaNa_transform(guNa(dhAtu)) + pratyaya (i.e., suffix)
[nayati = guNa(nI) + ti]
related word = gaNa_transform(vR^iddhi(dhAtu)) + pratyaya
[bhAvaya = vR^iddhi(bhuu) + a]
I am not sure about the guna/vR^iddhi transformation part. For example, with the dhatu
�paTh� (study) of the 1st gana the base is formed by simply adding the �a� (to make it
paTha) with no guna/vR^iddhi transformations enroute. Another glaring example is the
dhatu �shR^i� (hear). It belongs in the 5th gana and looks very much like �kR^i� of
the 8th gana. However, it doesn�t undergo a guna transformation (like kR^i does, at
least to form kar) before it gets adorned with the 5th gana-specific endings �no� and
�nu� to form �shR^iNo� and �shR^iNu.�
Question No. 4
When is guNa applied and when is vR^iddhi to a dhAtu?
Is it true that vR^iddhi is applied whne making a word "related to" the
orignal word's meaning, but not quite the original (like kArayati instead
of karoti).
I don't know the answer to this one.
...Vis Tekumalla
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Message: 2
Date: Sun, 19 Sep 2004 11:20:21 -0400
From: "Haresh Bakshi" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: [Sanskrit] "na" / "Na" ?
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Message-ID: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed
namaste, we have gone through the grammar of "na and Na" occurring in the
middle of a phrase.
Now, please check the following:
giitaa 18:72:4. I have seen praNashhTaste dhana~njaya | in some books and
pranashhTaste dhana~njaya | in some others. This is causing confusion.
Can someone give the correct reading please?
Regards,
Haresh.
------------------------------
Message: 3
Date: Sun, 19 Sep 2004 08:59:29 -0700 (PDT)
From: peekayar <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: [Sanskrit] "na" / "Na" ?
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED], sanskrit digest <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Message-ID: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
When there is ra-kAraM, na becomes Na as in
rAmeNa, whereas it is only bAlena.
So praNAshaste is the correct one.
Haresh Bakshi <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
namaste, we have gone through the grammar of "na and Na" occurring in the
middle of a phrase.
Now, please check the following:
giitaa 18:72:4. I have seen praNashhTaste dhana~njaya | in some books and
pranashhTaste dhana~njaya | in some others. This is causing confusion.
Can someone give the correct reading please?
Regards,
Haresh.
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Message: 4
Date: Sun, 19 Sep 2004 12:11:27 -0400
From: Toke Lindegaard Knudsen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: [Sanskrit] "na" / "Na" ?
To: peekayar <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Message-ID: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Actually, both Monier-Williams and Apte gives pranaSTa as the correct
reading in their dictionaries (under pra-naz). Monier-Williams has:
pra-naSTa, mfn. (wrongly written pra-NaSTa, PAN, viii, 4, 36, Sch.), ...
On Sep 19, 2004, at 11:59 AM, peekayar wrote:
> When there is ra-kAraM, na becomes Na as in
> rAmeNa, whereas it is only bAlena.
> �
> So praNAshaste is the correct one.�
>
> Haresh Bakshi <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> namaste, we have gone through the grammar of "na and Na" occurring in
> the
> middle of a phrase.
> Now, please check the following:
>
> giitaa 18:72:4. I have seen praNashhTaste dhana~njaya | in some books
> and
> pranashhTaste dhana~njaya | in some others. This is causing confusion.
>
> Can someone give the correct reading please?
>
> Regards,
> Haresh.
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End of sanskrit Digest, Vol 18, Issue 26
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