Re: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream
There are studies that suggest that babies with any form of pharmacological pain relief including and emphasising epidural pain relief cause delayed time in the first breast feed and consequently reduced longevity of breast feeding . Right now I can¹t site you to any references but they are definitely around. I¹ll confirm the ones I m aware of ASAP, Abbey Please feel free to remind me! On 12/12/06 1:42 PM, Kelly Zantey [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello, Can anyone point me to a medical source or evidence which proves that epidural anaesthesia enters the bloodstream? Someone in my forums has said she has tried to find medical sources but can¹t find them anywhere. Best Regards, Kelly Zantey
RE: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream
Sarah's article's are so well referenced. One of the reference's included is: 25) Fernando R, Bonello E et al. Placental and maternal plasma concentrations of fentanyl and bupivicaine after ambulatory combined spinal epidural (CSE) analgesia during labour. Int J Obstet Anaesth 1995;4:178-179 From here: http://onyx-ii.com/birthsong/page.cfm?epidural Kelly Zantey [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Thanks Janet - a few of those links are not working. The main thing she wants is actual medical study/evidence articles - e.g. the Sarah Buckley article she says is not adequate as the comment about the drug going into the bloodstream is not referenced back to anything. she has been trying to find such evidence everywhere but it has turned up fruitful. So not just the risks being quoted, but actual evidence. Oh well, if it does it for them then that's what we have to do :-) _ From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Janet Fraser Sent: Tuesday, December 12, 2006 4:49 PM To: ozmidwifery@acegraphics.com.au Subject: Re: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream Here are some useful sources for the risks of epidurals. Funny how women are told to avoid alcohol and soft cheeses in pregnancy but encouraged to imbibe powerful and dangerous drugs in labour. Drugs in labour twenty years hence. http://www.midwiferytoday.com/artic...ugsinlabour.asp http://www.midwiferytoday.com/artic...ugsinlabour.asp epidural information http://gentlebirth.org/Midwife/epirisks.html http://gentlebirth.org/Midwife/epirisks.html A little excerpt Quote: Generally, it is true to say the epidurals are a safe and effective method of relieving pain in labour - but safe does not mean risk free - the risks are there - it is wrong to say there are none (re the hospital employed childbirth educator) See Thorp, J.A. Breedlove, G (1996) Epidural Analgesia in Labour: An evaluation of Risks and Benefits 23(2) 63-83. for a good review of the literature. . hypotension 12 - 23% . maternal fever - (then unnecessary antibiotic therapy - then the yeast infection - then.) one study cited an increase of 0.07 Celsius rise per hour exposure to epidural anesthesia. another reported 5% of fetuses reached cores temp in excess of 4Celsius, another found a statistically significant increase in maternal temps 38C associated with EA. . inadvertent spinal ( and headache to follow - which a blood patch does not always cure - the incidence depends on skill of operator July - new residents - expect a huge increase in spinals in the teaching hospitals. ) . pruritus, nausea and vomiting. (no numbers here - but more likely with spinals) . backache - significant more women c/o backache following EA (RR 1. . fluid overload- ?pulmonary edema??? . infection from epidural site . resp arrest . anaphylaxis . nerve damage Henci Goer on epidurals http://parenting.ivillage.com/pregn...a=adid=16053332 http://parenting.ivillage.com/pregn...a=adid=16053332 Epidurals: can they impact breastfeeding? http://parenting.ivillage.com/pregn...0,,h1nz,00.html http://parenting.ivillage.com/pregn...0,,h1nz,00.html Epidurals: real risk for mother and baby - Sarah Buckley http://www.acegraphics.com.au/articles/sarah02.html http://www.acegraphics.com.au/articles/sarah02.html The Epidural Express: Real Reasons Not to Jump On Board by Nancy Griffin, M.A., AAHCC http://birthrites.edsite.com.au/Epidural.html http://birthrites.edsite.com.au/Epidural.html Medical Risks of Epidural Anesthesia During Childbirth http://www.healing-arts.org/mehl-madrona/mmepidural.htm http://www.healing-arts.org/mehl-madrona/mmepidural.htm - Original Message - From: Kelly mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Zantey To: ozmidwifery@acegraphics.com.au Sent: Tuesday, December 12, 2006 4:42 PM Subject: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream Hello, Can anyone point me to a medical source or evidence which proves that epidural anaesthesia enters the bloodstream? Someone in my forums has said she has tried to find medical sources but can't find them anywhere. Best Regards, Kelly Zantey -- This mailing list is sponsored by ACE Graphics. Visit http://www.acegraphics.com.au to subscribe or unsubscribe.
RE: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream
They are very well referenced, which is why I was surprised when she challenged me on it as I knew Sarah uses lots of references (her articles are on my site) - but if you read the bit about the drugs going into the bloodstream there is no reference for that. Here's the discussion, might be easier to understand. I'm not arguing the point, but want something solid to come back to her with. http://www.bellybelly.com.au/forums/showthread.php?t=26236 -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Cate Tischler Sent: Tuesday, December 12, 2006 8:35 PM To: ozmidwifery@acegraphics.com.au Cc: Kelly Zantey Subject: RE: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream Sarah's article's are so well referenced. One of the reference's included is: 25) Fernando R, Bonello E et al. Placental and maternal plasma concentrations of fentanyl and bupivicaine after ambulatory combined spinal epidural (CSE) analgesia during labour. Int J Obstet Anaesth 1995;4:178-179 From here: http://onyx-ii.com/birthsong/page.cfm?epidural Kelly Zantey [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Thanks Janet - a few of those links are not working. The main thing she wants is actual medical study/evidence articles - e.g. the Sarah Buckley article she says is not adequate as the comment about the drug going into the bloodstream is not referenced back to anything. she has been trying to find such evidence everywhere but it has turned up fruitful. So not just the risks being quoted, but actual evidence. Oh well, if it does it for them then that's what we have to do :-) _ From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Janet Fraser Sent: Tuesday, December 12, 2006 4:49 PM To: ozmidwifery@acegraphics.com.au Subject: Re: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream Here are some useful sources for the risks of epidurals. Funny how women are told to avoid alcohol and soft cheeses in pregnancy but encouraged to imbibe powerful and dangerous drugs in labour. Drugs in labour twenty years hence. http://www.midwiferytoday.com/artic...ugsinlabour.asp http://www.midwiferytoday.com/artic...ugsinlabour.asp epidural information http://gentlebirth.org/Midwife/epirisks.html http://gentlebirth.org/Midwife/epirisks.html A little excerpt Quote: Generally, it is true to say the epidurals are a safe and effective method of relieving pain in labour - but safe does not mean risk free - the risks are there - it is wrong to say there are none (re the hospital employed childbirth educator) See Thorp, J.A. Breedlove, G (1996) Epidural Analgesia in Labour: An evaluation of Risks and Benefits 23(2) 63-83. for a good review of the literature. . hypotension 12 - 23% . maternal fever - (then unnecessary antibiotic therapy - then the yeast infection - then.) one study cited an increase of 0.07 Celsius rise per hour exposure to epidural anesthesia. another reported 5% of fetuses reached cores temp in excess of 4Celsius, another found a statistically significant increase in maternal temps 38C associated with EA. . inadvertent spinal ( and headache to follow - which a blood patch does not always cure - the incidence depends on skill of operator July - new residents - expect a huge increase in spinals in the teaching hospitals. ) . pruritus, nausea and vomiting. (no numbers here - but more likely with spinals) . backache - significant more women c/o backache following EA (RR 1. . fluid overload- ?pulmonary edema??? . infection from epidural site . resp arrest . anaphylaxis . nerve damage Henci Goer on epidurals http://parenting.ivillage.com/pregn...a=adid=16053332 http://parenting.ivillage.com/pregn...a=adid=16053332 Epidurals: can they impact breastfeeding? http://parenting.ivillage.com/pregn...0,,h1nz,00.html http://parenting.ivillage.com/pregn...0,,h1nz,00.html Epidurals: real risk for mother and baby - Sarah Buckley http://www.acegraphics.com.au/articles/sarah02.html http://www.acegraphics.com.au/articles/sarah02.html The Epidural Express: Real Reasons Not to Jump On Board by Nancy Griffin, M.A., AAHCC http://birthrites.edsite.com.au/Epidural.html http://birthrites.edsite.com.au/Epidural.html Medical Risks of Epidural Anesthesia During Childbirth http://www.healing-arts.org/mehl-madrona/mmepidural.htm http://www.healing-arts.org/mehl-madrona/mmepidural.htm - Original Message - From: Kelly mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Zantey To: ozmidwifery@acegraphics.com.au Sent: Tuesday, December 12, 2006 4:42 PM Subject: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream Hello, Can anyone point me to a medical source or evidence which proves that epidural anaesthesia enters the bloodstream? Someone in my forums has said she has tried to find medical sources but can't find them anywhere. Best Regards
RE: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream
Kelly There was some recent research reported yesterday (I think) in the press - from Adelaide IIRC. Evidence that the fentanyl component of epidural effects babies and particularly their ability to breastfeed. Can't get the ref to hand immediately, but it is recent research. Debbie Slater Perth, WA _ From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Kelly Zantey Sent: Tuesday, 12 December 2006 2:43 PM To: ozmidwifery@acegraphics.com.au Subject: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream Hello, Can anyone point me to a medical source or evidence which proves that epidural anaesthesia enters the bloodstream? Someone in my forums has said she has tried to find medical sources but can't find them anywhere. Best Regards, Kelly Zantey
Re: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream
http://www.blackwellroyalmarsdenmanual.com/sample/mars29.htm The above link is a very in depth look at epidural drugs and their mode of action. Helen - Original Message - From: Kelly Zantey [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: ozmidwifery@acegraphics.com.au Sent: Tuesday, December 12, 2006 8:57 PM Subject: RE: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream They are very well referenced, which is why I was surprised when she challenged me on it as I knew Sarah uses lots of references (her articles are on my site) - but if you read the bit about the drugs going into the bloodstream there is no reference for that. Here's the discussion, might be easier to understand. I'm not arguing the point, but want something solid to come back to her with. http://www.bellybelly.com.au/forums/showthread.php?t=26236 -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Cate Tischler Sent: Tuesday, December 12, 2006 8:35 PM To: ozmidwifery@acegraphics.com.au Cc: Kelly Zantey Subject: RE: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream Sarah's article's are so well referenced. One of the reference's included is: 25) Fernando R, Bonello E et al. Placental and maternal plasma concentrations of fentanyl and bupivicaine after ambulatory combined spinal epidural (CSE) analgesia during labour. Int J Obstet Anaesth 1995;4:178-179 From here: http://onyx-ii.com/birthsong/page.cfm?epidural Kelly Zantey [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Thanks Janet - a few of those links are not working. The main thing she wants is actual medical study/evidence articles - e.g. the Sarah Buckley article she says is not adequate as the comment about the drug going into the bloodstream is not referenced back to anything. she has been trying to find such evidence everywhere but it has turned up fruitful. So not just the risks being quoted, but actual evidence. Oh well, if it does it for them then that's what we have to do :-) _ From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Janet Fraser Sent: Tuesday, December 12, 2006 4:49 PM To: ozmidwifery@acegraphics.com.au Subject: Re: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream Here are some useful sources for the risks of epidurals. Funny how women are told to avoid alcohol and soft cheeses in pregnancy but encouraged to imbibe powerful and dangerous drugs in labour. Drugs in labour twenty years hence. http://www.midwiferytoday.com/artic...ugsinlabour.asp http://www.midwiferytoday.com/artic...ugsinlabour.asp epidural information http://gentlebirth.org/Midwife/epirisks.html http://gentlebirth.org/Midwife/epirisks.html A little excerpt Quote: Generally, it is true to say the epidurals are a safe and effective method of relieving pain in labour - but safe does not mean risk free - the risks are there - it is wrong to say there are none (re the hospital employed childbirth educator) See Thorp, J.A. Breedlove, G (1996) Epidural Analgesia in Labour: An evaluation of Risks and Benefits 23(2) 63-83. for a good review of the literature. . hypotension 12 - 23% . maternal fever - (then unnecessary antibiotic therapy - then the yeast infection - then.) one study cited an increase of 0.07 Celsius rise per hour exposure to epidural anesthesia. another reported 5% of fetuses reached cores temp in excess of 4Celsius, another found a statistically significant increase in maternal temps 38C associated with EA. . inadvertent spinal ( and headache to follow - which a blood patch does not always cure - the incidence depends on skill of operator July - new residents - expect a huge increase in spinals in the teaching hospitals. ) . pruritus, nausea and vomiting. (no numbers here - but more likely with spinals) . backache - significant more women c/o backache following EA (RR 1. . fluid overload- ?pulmonary edema??? . infection from epidural site . resp arrest . anaphylaxis . nerve damage Henci Goer on epidurals http://parenting.ivillage.com/pregn...a=adid=16053332 http://parenting.ivillage.com/pregn...a=adid=16053332 Epidurals: can they impact breastfeeding? http://parenting.ivillage.com/pregn...0,,h1nz,00.html http://parenting.ivillage.com/pregn...0,,h1nz,00.html Epidurals: real risk for mother and baby - Sarah Buckley http://www.acegraphics.com.au/articles/sarah02.html http://www.acegraphics.com.au/articles/sarah02.html The Epidural Express: Real Reasons Not to Jump On Board by Nancy Griffin, M.A., AAHCC http://birthrites.edsite.com.au/Epidural.html http://birthrites.edsite.com.au/Epidural.html Medical Risks of Epidural Anesthesia During Childbirth http://www.healing-arts.org/mehl-madrona/mmepidural.htm http://www.healing-arts.org/mehl-madrona/mmepidural.htm - Original Message - From: Kelly mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Zantey To: ozmidwifery@acegraphics.com.au Sent: Tuesday, December 12, 2006 4:42 PM Subject: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream Hello
Re: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream
Here is a section directly dealing with epidural drugs entering the blood stream taken from the article I posted below - I haven't gone on to read the article quoted as the source tho.it does state that it is a side effect tho. Drug-related side-effects There are a number of drug-related side-effects associated with epidural opioids and local anaesthetic agents. Opioids Respiratory depression: this is due to the action of opioids on the respiratory centre. Respiratory depression may occur at two different time intervals. - Early: usually within 2 hours of the opioid injection. This may occur if high blood levels of the opioid follow absorption from the epidural space into the systemic circulation (Macintyre Ready 2001). - Original Message - From: Helen and Graham [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: ozmidwifery@acegraphics.com.au Sent: Tuesday, December 12, 2006 10:34 PM Subject: Re: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream http://www.blackwellroyalmarsdenmanual.com/sample/mars29.htm The above link is a very in depth look at epidural drugs and their mode of action. Helen - Original Message - From: Kelly Zantey [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: ozmidwifery@acegraphics.com.au Sent: Tuesday, December 12, 2006 8:57 PM Subject: RE: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream They are very well referenced, which is why I was surprised when she challenged me on it as I knew Sarah uses lots of references (her articles are on my site) - but if you read the bit about the drugs going into the bloodstream there is no reference for that. Here's the discussion, might be easier to understand. I'm not arguing the point, but want something solid to come back to her with. http://www.bellybelly.com.au/forums/showthread.php?t=26236 -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Cate Tischler Sent: Tuesday, December 12, 2006 8:35 PM To: ozmidwifery@acegraphics.com.au Cc: Kelly Zantey Subject: RE: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream Sarah's article's are so well referenced. One of the reference's included is: 25) Fernando R, Bonello E et al. Placental and maternal plasma concentrations of fentanyl and bupivicaine after ambulatory combined spinal epidural (CSE) analgesia during labour. Int J Obstet Anaesth 1995;4:178-179 From here: http://onyx-ii.com/birthsong/page.cfm?epidural Kelly Zantey [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Thanks Janet - a few of those links are not working. The main thing she wants is actual medical study/evidence articles - e.g. the Sarah Buckley article she says is not adequate as the comment about the drug going into the bloodstream is not referenced back to anything. she has been trying to find such evidence everywhere but it has turned up fruitful. So not just the risks being quoted, but actual evidence. Oh well, if it does it for them then that's what we have to do :-) _ From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Janet Fraser Sent: Tuesday, December 12, 2006 4:49 PM To: ozmidwifery@acegraphics.com.au Subject: Re: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream Here are some useful sources for the risks of epidurals. Funny how women are told to avoid alcohol and soft cheeses in pregnancy but encouraged to imbibe powerful and dangerous drugs in labour. Drugs in labour twenty years hence. http://www.midwiferytoday.com/artic...ugsinlabour.asp http://www.midwiferytoday.com/artic...ugsinlabour.asp epidural information http://gentlebirth.org/Midwife/epirisks.html http://gentlebirth.org/Midwife/epirisks.html A little excerpt Quote: Generally, it is true to say the epidurals are a safe and effective method of relieving pain in labour - but safe does not mean risk free - the risks are there - it is wrong to say there are none (re the hospital employed childbirth educator) See Thorp, J.A. Breedlove, G (1996) Epidural Analgesia in Labour: An evaluation of Risks and Benefits 23(2) 63-83. for a good review of the literature. . hypotension 12 - 23% . maternal fever - (then unnecessary antibiotic therapy - then the yeast infection - then.) one study cited an increase of 0.07 Celsius rise per hour exposure to epidural anesthesia. another reported 5% of fetuses reached cores temp in excess of 4Celsius, another found a statistically significant increase in maternal temps 38C associated with EA. . inadvertent spinal ( and headache to follow - which a blood patch does not always cure - the incidence depends on skill of operator July - new residents - expect a huge increase in spinals in the teaching hospitals. ) . pruritus, nausea and vomiting. (no numbers here - but more likely with spinals) . backache - significant more women c/o backache following EA (RR 1. . fluid overload- ?pulmonary edema??? . infection from epidural site . resp arrest . anaphylaxis . nerve damage Henci Goer on epidurals http
Re: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream
Here are some useful sources for the risks of epidurals. Funny how women are told to avoid alcohol and soft cheeses in pregnancy but encouraged to imbibe powerful and dangerous drugs in labour. Drugs in labour twenty years hence. http://www.midwiferytoday.com/artic...ugsinlabour.asp epidural information http://gentlebirth.org/Midwife/epirisks.html A little excerpt Quote: Generally, it is true to say the epidurals are a safe and effective method of relieving pain in labour - but safe does not mean risk free - the risks are there - it is wrong to say there are none (re the hospital employed childbirth educator) See Thorp, J.A. Breedlove, G (1996) Epidural Analgesia in Labour: An evaluation of Risks and Benefits 23(2) 63-83. for a good review of the literature. . hypotension 12 - 23% . maternal fever - (then unnecessary antibiotic therapy - then the yeast infection - then.) one study cited an increase of 0.07 Celsius rise per hour exposure to epidural anesthesia. another reported 5% of fetuses reached cores temp in excess of 4Celsius, another found a statistically significant increase in maternal temps 38C associated with EA. . inadvertent spinal ( and headache to follow - which a blood patch does not always cure - the incidence depends on skill of operator July - new residents - expect a huge increase in spinals in the teaching hospitals. ) . pruritus, nausea and vomiting. (no numbers here - but more likely with spinals) . backache - significant more women c/o backache following EA (RR 1. . fluid overload- ?pulmonary edema??? . infection from epidural site . resp arrest . anaphylaxis . nerve damage Henci Goer on epidurals http://parenting.ivillage.com/pregn...a=adid=16053332 Epidurals: can they impact breastfeeding? http://parenting.ivillage.com/pregn...0,,h1nz,00.html Epidurals: real risk for mother and baby - Sarah Buckley http://www.acegraphics.com.au/articles/sarah02.html The Epidural Express: Real Reasons Not to Jump On Board by Nancy Griffin, M.A., AAHCC http://birthrites.edsite.com.au/Epidural.html Medical Risks of Epidural Anesthesia During Childbirth http://www.healing-arts.org/mehl-madrona/mmepidural.htm - Original Message - From: Kelly Zantey To: ozmidwifery@acegraphics.com.au Sent: Tuesday, December 12, 2006 4:42 PM Subject: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream Hello, Can anyone point me to a medical source or evidence which proves that epidural anaesthesia enters the bloodstream? Someone in my forums has said she has tried to find medical sources but can't find them anywhere. Best Regards, Kelly Zantey
RE: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream
Thanks Janet - a few of those links are not working. The main thing she wants is actual medical study/evidence articles - e.g. the Sarah Buckley article she says is not adequate as the comment about the drug going into the bloodstream is not referenced back to anything. she has been trying to find such evidence everywhere but it has turned up fruitful. So not just the risks being quoted, but actual evidence. Oh well, if it does it for them then that's what we have to do :-) _ From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Janet Fraser Sent: Tuesday, December 12, 2006 4:49 PM To: ozmidwifery@acegraphics.com.au Subject: Re: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream Here are some useful sources for the risks of epidurals. Funny how women are told to avoid alcohol and soft cheeses in pregnancy but encouraged to imbibe powerful and dangerous drugs in labour. Drugs in labour twenty years hence. http://www.midwiferytoday.com/artic...ugsinlabour.asp http://www.midwiferytoday.com/artic...ugsinlabour.asp epidural information http://gentlebirth.org/Midwife/epirisks.html http://gentlebirth.org/Midwife/epirisks.html A little excerpt Quote: Generally, it is true to say the epidurals are a safe and effective method of relieving pain in labour - but safe does not mean risk free - the risks are there - it is wrong to say there are none (re the hospital employed childbirth educator) See Thorp, J.A. Breedlove, G (1996) Epidural Analgesia in Labour: An evaluation of Risks and Benefits 23(2) 63-83. for a good review of the literature. . hypotension 12 - 23% . maternal fever - (then unnecessary antibiotic therapy - then the yeast infection - then.) one study cited an increase of 0.07 Celsius rise per hour exposure to epidural anesthesia. another reported 5% of fetuses reached cores temp in excess of 4Celsius, another found a statistically significant increase in maternal temps 38C associated with EA. . inadvertent spinal ( and headache to follow - which a blood patch does not always cure - the incidence depends on skill of operator July - new residents - expect a huge increase in spinals in the teaching hospitals. ) . pruritus, nausea and vomiting. (no numbers here - but more likely with spinals) . backache - significant more women c/o backache following EA (RR 1. . fluid overload- ?pulmonary edema??? . infection from epidural site . resp arrest . anaphylaxis . nerve damage Henci Goer on epidurals http://parenting.ivillage.com/pregn...a=adid=16053332 http://parenting.ivillage.com/pregn...a=adid=16053332 Epidurals: can they impact breastfeeding? http://parenting.ivillage.com/pregn...0,,h1nz,00.html http://parenting.ivillage.com/pregn...0,,h1nz,00.html Epidurals: real risk for mother and baby - Sarah Buckley http://www.acegraphics.com.au/articles/sarah02.html http://www.acegraphics.com.au/articles/sarah02.html The Epidural Express: Real Reasons Not to Jump On Board by Nancy Griffin, M.A., AAHCC http://birthrites.edsite.com.au/Epidural.html http://birthrites.edsite.com.au/Epidural.html Medical Risks of Epidural Anesthesia During Childbirth http://www.healing-arts.org/mehl-madrona/mmepidural.htm http://www.healing-arts.org/mehl-madrona/mmepidural.htm - Original Message - From: Kelly mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Zantey To: ozmidwifery@acegraphics.com.au Sent: Tuesday, December 12, 2006 4:42 PM Subject: [ozmidwifery] Epidurals - entering the bloodstream Hello, Can anyone point me to a medical source or evidence which proves that epidural anaesthesia enters the bloodstream? Someone in my forums has said she has tried to find medical sources but can't find them anywhere. Best Regards, Kelly Zantey
