Setting up devfs
Hi, I've recently totally reinstalled my system from scratch after losing my /home partition. I'm running kernel 2.4.14 with a XFS patch and xfs partitions (except /boot). I've also compile devfs support in the kernel and installed devfsd. Now, I've red the documentation on the kernel-source and the HOWTO, but something isn't right here. devfs apparently is working because during boot I see some messages that refer to the HD as /dev/disks/lots-of-letters-and-numbers). I also receive messages while connecting my USB scanner - don't know if that's devfs though. The thing is, my /dev is the same as always. It doesn't have /dev/ide or any of the devsf directories. Its the same splattered 3232323 files as always. If I do $devfsd /dev it complains that there is no .devfsd in the directory... I have not touch fstab or anything, I simply compiled into the kernel and installed devfsd. Is there some extra steps that I need to make ? Pointers to the right documentation and general advice are always welcome :) thanks, fsm -- Frederico S. Muñoz Cap Gemini Ernst Young : [EMAIL PROTECTED] IIES : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian Project: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** Ever noticed something? Unix comes with compilers. Windows comes with Solitaire. ** -Adep
RE: Setting up devfs
did you enable mount devfs at boot time in the kernel config? if not, did you pass the kernel the devfs=mount option? Er, mkay. that must be the extra step I was talking about. Just re-read the doc and it is there. Don't know how I missed it. Thank you very much, I'll try that when I get home, and sorry for the obvious question. yours, fsm -- Frederico S. Muñoz Cap Gemini Ernst Young : [EMAIL PROTECTED] IIES : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian Project: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** Ever noticed something? Unix comes with compilers. Windows comes with Solitaire. ** -Adep begin: Frederico.S.Mu?oz [EMAIL PROTECTED] quote Hi, I've recently totally reinstalled my system from scratch after losing my /home partition. I'm running kernel 2.4.14 with a XFS patch and xfs partitions (except /boot). I've also compile devfs support in the kernel and installed devfsd. Now, I've red the documentation on the kernel-source and the HOWTO, but something isn't right here. devfs apparently is working because during boot I see some messages that refer to the HD as /dev/disks/lots-of-letters-and-numbers). I also receive messages while connecting my USB scanner - don't know if that's devfs though. The thing is, my /dev is the same as always. It doesn't have /dev/ide or any of the devsf directories. Its the same splattered 3232323 files as always. If I do $devfsd /dev it complains that there is no .devfsd in the directory... I have not touch fstab or anything, I simply compiled into the kernel and installed devfsd. Is there some extra steps that I need to make ? Pointers to the right documentation and general advice are always welcome :) thanks, fsm -- Frederico S. Mu?oz Cap Gemini Ernst Young : [EMAIL PROTECTED] IIES : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian Project: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** Ever noticed something? Unix comes with compilers. Windows comes with Solitaire. ** -Adep -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- PGP Fingerprint: B9F1 6CF3 47C4 7CD8 D33E 70A9 A3B9 1945 67EA 951D PGP Public Key: finger [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Erro inicializando servidor gráfico
(...) Fatal server error: could not open default font 'fixed' When reporting a problem related to a server crash, please send the full server output, not just the last messages Sei que o servidor gráfico não esta encontrando as fontes 'fixed', mas estou com o pacote xfonts-misc instalado. Alguém pode me ajudar? Experimenta instalar o xfonts-base (apt-get install xfonts-base). um abraço, fsm -- Frederico S. Muñoz Cap Gemini Ernst Young : [EMAIL PROTECTED] IIES : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian Project: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** Ever noticed something? Unix comes with compilers. Windows comes with Solitaire. ** -Adep
RE: sincronizar hora
Pessoal, alguem sabe como faco para sincronizar a hora entre maquinas linux em rede? NTP. Instala na máquina que queres que tenha a hora certa (isto é, a máquina que vai dizer ás outras da rede que para acertarem a hora por ela) o ntpd (servidor de NTP). Nas outras configura o cliente de ntp e indica como timeserver o IP/nome da máquina em que instalastes o ntpd. Toma atenção com as questões de segurança, ajusta a firewall ou monta o ntpd numa máquina dentro da rede interna para não haver problemas de segurança. apt-cache search ntp deve devolver-te a lista de pacotes que interessam; existe o ntpdate que é para acertar a hora esporadicamente (normalmente as máquinas estão sempre a actualizar-se (poucos segundos de intervalo). espero que ajude, fsm -- Frederico S. Muñoz [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Offtopic: TCP/IP ICMP/IP Header
(...) Então a pergunta: segundo o totallength, o pacote ICMP/IP Echo termina em 34350328. e a resposta começa em 4554... O que são estes dados que começam com 023c30bb...até...dad80800 percebi isso também quando efetuo um telnet para uma porta fechada no outro host. E também percebi isso em muitos outros casos... No caso do telnet, é assim: local-remoto TCP com SYN alguns bytes que não sei o que são, como o do exemplo acima remoto-local TCP com PSH+RST (indicando porta fechada) vejam no anexo... e ai, o que são estes bytes que aparecem entre os pacotes? (...) Eh, bem, não sei, mas já experimentastes correr um sniffer ao mesmo tempo que fazes a experiência? Se instalares por exemplo o ethereal podes ver o log de cada pacote enviado e recebido com os headers todos explicados, o tamanho, etc. Talvez ajude... um abraço, fsm -- Frederico S. Muñoz Cap Gemini Ernst Young : [EMAIL PROTECTED] IIES : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian Project: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** Ever noticed something? Unix comes with compilers. Windows comes with Solitaire. ** -Adep
RE: Offtopic: TCP/IP ICMP/IP Header
(...) Então a pergunta: segundo o totallength, o pacote ICMP/IP Echo termina em 34350328. e a resposta começa em 4554... O que são estes dados que começam com 023c30bb...até...dad80800 percebi isso também quando efetuo um telnet para uma porta fechada no outro host. E também percebi isso em muitos outros casos... No caso do telnet, é assim: local-remoto TCP com SYN alguns bytes que não sei o que são, como o do exemplo acima remoto-local TCP com PSH+RST (indicando porta fechada) vejam no anexo... e ai, o que são estes bytes que aparecem entre os pacotes? (...) Eh, bem, não sei, mas já experimentastes correr um sniffer ao mesmo tempo que fazes a experiência? Se instalares por exemplo o ethereal podes ver o log de cada pacote enviado e recebido com os headers todos explicados, o tamanho, etc. Oooops, só uma explicação: o tcpdump é tb um sniffer, o que eu quiz dizer é que usando uma ferramenta como o ethereal, que apresenta os pacotes por tipo e com informação detalhada sobre todas as camadas de cada pacote, simplifica o trabalho de saber onde pertencem esses bytes a mais :) abraço, fsm -- Frederico S. Muñoz Cap Gemini Ernst Young : [EMAIL PROTECTED] IIES : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian Project: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** Ever noticed something? Unix comes with compilers. Windows comes with Solitaire. ** -Adep
RE: BSD inet services?
I want to enable rlogin/rcp etc on a debian box i have running woody/2.2.19. This should be very easy, thinks i, but going to inetd.conf i find: #:BSD: Shell, login, exec and talk are BSD protocols. and that is all. I make my way to the man pages on update-inetd and see that i could (although i haven't tried it) do an: update-inetd --add ENTRY Is manually adding an entry for e.g. rlogin what i need to do? Doesn't seem very convenient (out of the box). I'm may be totally lost here but IIRC last time I needed rsh-like services I simply uncommented the entries in inetd.onf and installed rshd (also be advised that the rcp in Debian is more than likely a link to scp...); the rsh deamon was started and added to the init logins by the package scripts and after that I only needed to edit /etc/hosts.equiv for my full insecure r-services frenzy. I probably didn't understood your doubt though, so feel free to ignore this message :) cheers, fsm -- Frederico S. Muñoz Cap Gemini Ernst Young : [EMAIL PROTECTED] IIES : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian Project: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** Ever noticed something? Unix comes with compilers. Windows comes with Solitaire. ** -Adep
RE: BSD inet services?
-Original Message- From: craig duncan [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: segunda-feira, 26 de Novembro de 2001 16:05 To: Frederico.S.Muñoz; debian-user Subject: Re: BSD inet services? I wonder what you'd find if you looked in your current /etc/inetd.conf? What you describe is what i expected to do except my inetd.conf _has_ no lines for that stuff anymore. It's been removed. All that's there is the #:BSD: line i mentioned. I know this #: notation allows the line to be uncommented by a tool automatically so i was thinking that maybe there's another file that provides the BSD-specific services. I couldn't find anything like that, though. Oh, sorry, I didn't understood that that was the only line there :) I would instalar the package that contains rsh (rlogind or something like that IIRC). It's highly likely that it willl run the script for you with the correct arguments. cheers, fsm -- Frederico S. Muñoz Cap Gemini Ernst Young : [EMAIL PROTECTED] IIES : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian Project: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** Ever noticed something? Unix comes with compilers. Windows comes with Solitaire. ** -Adep
RE: BSD inet services?
-- -Original Message- From: craig duncan [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: segunda-feira, 26 de Novembro de 2001 16:15 To: Frederico.S.Muñoz Cc: debian-user Subject: Re: BSD inet services? I already have rsh-client package installed, which provides rsh, rcp rlogin. That's a thought, though. I'll take a look at the postinstall script and see if reconfiguring is all that's needed. Well... if you only need the clients in that box than there is no need for further configuration; only if you need to allow r-services from other boxes to that one will you need the rlogin server (and the apropriate entries in init and inetd.conf created by the script) cheers, fsm Frederico.S.Muñoz wrote: -Original Message- From: craig duncan [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: segunda-feira, 26 de Novembro de 2001 16:05 To: Frederico.S.Muñoz; debian-user Subject: Re: BSD inet services? I wonder what you'd find if you looked in your current /etc/inetd.conf? What you describe is what i expected to do except my inetd.conf _has_ no lines for that stuff anymore. It's been removed. All that's there is the #:BSD: line i mentioned. I know this #: notation allows the line to be uncommented by a tool automatically so i was thinking that maybe there's another file that provides the BSD-specific services. I couldn't find anything like that, though. Oh, sorry, I didn't understood that that was the only line there :) I would instalar the package that contains rsh (rlogind or something like that IIRC). It's highly likely that it willl run the script for you with the correct arguments. cheers, fsm -- Frederico S. Muñoz Cap Gemini Ernst Young : [EMAIL PROTECTED] IIES : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian Project: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** Ever noticed something? Unix comes with compilers. Windows comes with Solitaire. ** -Adep
RE: BSD inet services?
Exactly right (i got confused). I don't have rsh-server installed. I do have ssh-nonfree installed, though. I installed that quite a while ago and then it seems like ssh stuff got removed from the distribution i had installed then. Can someone provide a synopsis of what the story with ssh was, where it stands now, and what the best debianized ssh package to use is? AFAIK ssh in Debian is openssh, so apt-get install ssh will install openssh (since that's the only version that complies with the DFSG). Also, does any ssh version have the capability of falling-back to rlogin compatibility? (I doubt it but it would be nice. . . and potentially insecure of course). My main quandary is that i'm working on an internal network where i don't at all need ssh. Sometimes (when going external), i do, though. Well, last time I checked the ssh equivelents don't use rhosts auth and can't be force to use it (I may be wrong on this one though). You will be better off installing rshfriends (the instalation cancels the symlink of rcp to scp, etc). cheers, fsm -- Frederico S. Muñoz Cap Gemini Ernst Young : [EMAIL PROTECTED] IIES : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian Project: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** Ever noticed something? Unix comes with compilers. Windows comes with Solitaire. ** -Adep Frederico.S.Muñoz wrote: -- -Original Message- From: craig duncan [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: segunda-feira, 26 de Novembro de 2001 16:15 To: Frederico.S.Muñoz Cc: debian-user Subject: Re: BSD inet services? I already have rsh-client package installed, which provides rsh, rcp rlogin. That's a thought, though. I'll take a look at the postinstall script and see if reconfiguring is all that's needed. Well... if you only need the clients in that box than there is no need for further configuration; only if you need to allow r-services from other boxes to that one will you need the rlogin server (and the apropriate entries in init and inetd.conf created by the script) cheers,
RE: symbolic links
-Original Message- From: Mike Egglestone [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: segunda-feira, 26 de Novembro de 2001 17:40 To: debian-user@lists.debian.org Subject: symbolic links Hello, I was running this command: ls -l in here: /var/spool/ The file mail showed a link to somewhere, here's the output from mail .Apr 1 2001 mail - ../mail My question: I'm guessing that the file mail is linked to here: /var/mail but the above output doesn't tell me that. Yes it does; .. means the parent dir, and so /var/spool/mail is a symlink to ../mail, i.e. /var/mail (since /var is the parent fir of /var/spool). It's a relative symlink. cheers, fsm -- Frederico S. Muñoz Cap Gemini Ernst Young : [EMAIL PROTECTED] IIES : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian Project: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** Ever noticed something? Unix comes with compilers. Windows comes with Solitaire. ** -Adep
RE: an automated web browser
hi, i use this internet service that *requires* you to log in once a day, or they close your account after three days of inactivity. it's absolutely bloody ridiculous, but i have to live with it, for i do need the service (and there is no other like that one) about once a month. since i can't possibly access the web everyday (if i am traveling for instance), i would like to set up a cron script that basically surfs the site for me (including login). however, there are at least 10 Redirects happening before the login is counted, and that's just too much for my nerves as a shell scripter. so i am wondering, there *has* to be a tool like lynx or the like, which will accept commands over stdin or the command line of the form: - enter madduck into field username - enter abc123 into field password - click onto login submit button (after all the redirects have settled, i need to take one other step). - click onto the third link on the page (or the link labeled something). do you know of something like that? Well, I know something that has a side-effect that does what you want... It's the Grinder,a stresser written in java (must do an ITP on it); it's made by ppl at BEA to test WebLogic's performance. It's GPL. (http://grinder.sf.net) I do not have much experience with it, but basically it can atach to Apache or something and record all the steps that you do; you then can add or modify things (it puts everything in a script) and run it again. Dunno if it helps but it's worth a shot. Cheers, fsm -- Frederico S. Muñoz Cap Gemini Ernst Young : [EMAIL PROTECTED] IIES : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian Project: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** Ever noticed something? Unix comes with compilers. Windows comes with Solitaire. ** -Adep
RE: Small-Text console Tweaks?
Is there a way to work in debian, outside of X-windows, using a text layout other than that awful, klunky 80-column x 25-row VGA arrangement? Others have replied here (using the vga=ask lilo flag, framebuffer if supported, SVGAmode, etc) Eg., in DOS one could opt for smaller characters using the 'mode' command, and achieve 50 lines x 132 chars. consolechars does that IIRC (or some related command); doesn't increase the size of the screen but changes the font size. Better yet would be a crude windowing system that works entirely in text mode (eg., similar to some pre-Win-3.1 tools from the mid 1980s.) Try twin. It's packaged and I think it's what you are looking for here. It's a windowing system totally text-based and that works with the mouse (with gpm I think). Cheers, fsm -- Frederico S. Muñoz Cap Gemini Ernst Young : [EMAIL PROTECTED] IIES : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian Project: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** Ever noticed something? Unix comes with compilers. Windows comes with Solitaire. ** -Adep
RE: Auto ifup for network
-Original Message- From: Randolph S. Kahle [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: segunda-feira, 5 de Novembro de 2001 3:46 To: debian-user@lists.debian.org Subject: Auto ifup for network I am trying to help a friend who has a Debian 2.2r3 installation on a T22 and the network is not coming up automatically on reboot. He has to ifup eth0 and then everything works fine. Why would an interface not come up automatically on reboot? Look in /etc/network/interfaces; is eth0 defined as 'auto eth0 [etc]'? I can´t check now but IIRC if you put auto before the rest of the interface definition it will be 'upped' at boot time. HIH, fsm -- Frederico S. Muñoz Cap Gemini Ernst Young : [EMAIL PROTECTED] IIES : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian Project: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** Ever noticed something? Unix comes with compilers. Windows comes with Solitaire. ** -Adep
RE: Olá de novo.
On Tue, 30 Oct 2001 17:00:09 - Frederico.S.Muñoz [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hahah pensei que você tinha morrido Português safado! =) Eheheheehhe...não foi nada de tão radical ;), apenas os altos e baixos da vida, enfim ;) Um abraço, fsm -- Frederico S. Muñoz Cap Gemini Ernst Young : [EMAIL PROTECTED] IIES : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian Project: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** Ever noticed something? Unix comes with compilers. Windows comes with Solitaire. ** -Adep
RE: Merry Christmas!
Okay, I claim to be geeky, but I've missed it. Huh? 31 in Octal == 25 in Decimal :) Cheers, fsm -Original Message- From: Peter Hugosson-Miller [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Wednesday, 31 October, 2001 09:32 AM To: Debian user list Subject: OT: Merry Christmas! Why do we geeks celebrate Christmas today? Because Oct 31 = Dec 25 (8r31 = 10r25) -- Cheers! .~. /V\ // \\ /( )\ ^`~´^ hugge -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Olá de novo.
Oi, Pois é pessoal, voltei ;) Após uma altura complicada de mudanças nos locais de trabalho, perda das contas de mail, etc. já estou mais ou menos contactável e com acesso mais permanente á rede. Bem, era só isso :) Tenho que ver se começo a aparecer outra vez no canal de IRC. Um abraço a todos, fsm -- Frederico S. Muñoz Cap Gemini Ernst Young : [EMAIL PROTECTED] IIES : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian Project: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** Ever noticed something? Unix comes with compilers. Windows comes with Solitaire. ** -Adep
RE: 3 buttons from a 2 button mouse, how?
Debian users, I want to use an application which requires the use of a middle mouse button of a three button mouse but my mouse only has two buttons. How do I get around this? Well, there's an XF86 setting called Emulate3Button or something like that; if it's already on if you press *both* buttons at the same time it will emulate a middle mouse button. Cheers, -- Frederico S. Muñoz Cap Gemini Ernst Young : [EMAIL PROTECTED] IIES : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian Project: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** Ever noticed something? Unix comes with compilers. Windows comes with Solitaire. ** -Adep
RE: apt-get firewall
What ports must be opened in the firewall so that the machine behind it is able to use apt-get to realize an 'dist-upgrade'?. Davi AFAIK either the HTTP, the FTP, or both; it depends on what you define in your sources.line. If you only define http sites you would only need the http port open, the same with the ftp. Best Regards, fsm -- Frederico S. Muñoz Cap Gemini Ernst Young : [EMAIL PROTECTED] IIES : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian Project: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** Ever noticed something? Unix comes with compilers. Windows comes with Solitaire. ** -Adep
RE: apt-get firewall
What ports must be opened in the firewall so that the machine behind it is able to use apt-get to realize an 'dist-upgrade'?. Davi AFAIK either the HTTP, the FTP, or both; it depends on what you define in your sources.line. If you only define http sites you would only need the http port open, the same with the ftp. Yes, but you need only open the ports for outgoing requests, and your firewall should be set with a packet filter that will accept only packets that are replies to requests from your computer. Ehehe, indeed, but nobody said anything about doing the apt securely... just what ports it used ;) Seriously, doing what you mentioned is the correct behavior, having a packet firewall that alloes ESTABLISHED and connections from the intranet to the Intenet; heck, you could even go mediaeval about it and only allow http or ftp requests to those hosts present in the sources.line :) Cheers, -- Frederico S. Muñoz Cap Gemini Ernst Young : [EMAIL PROTECTED] IIES : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian Project: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** Ever noticed something? Unix comes with compilers. Windows comes with Solitaire. ** -Adep
Re: wet blue
On Sat, May 05, 2001 at 07:27:28PM -0700, Karsten M. Self wrote: on Sun, May 06, 2001 at 04:09:46AM +0300, tmefnl ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote: DEAR SIR , WE ARE INTERESTED TO BUY WET BLUE SPLIT CATTLE HIDES , WITH FOLLOWING SPECIFICATIONS : THICKNESS:over 3.5 MM . SIZE :40 TO 42 SQ/FT AVERAGE SIZE $ apt-get install wet-blue-split-cattle-hides The following NEW packages will be installed: wet-blue-split-cattle-hides wet-blue-split-cattle-hides-common The following packages will be REMOVED: dry-green-united-cattle-hides 0 packages upgraded, 2 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get over 3.5MM of archives. After unpacking 40 to 42 (sq/ft avg size) will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] fsm -- Frederico S. Mu?oz GNU http://www.gnu.org [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian http://www.debian.org http://sdf.lonestar.org - SDF Public Access Unix Systems pgpjRdmz1ioup.pgp Description: PGP signature
Re: duvidas
On Wed, Apr 25, 2001 at 10:01:18AM +0200, Shay Moreno wrote: Frederico: ?, mas ? s? ir ver o site-lisp do emacs 21 para se ter a resposta... ? o ahead-in-time-bug-squashing-mode. N?o existe ainda o Emacs 21... voc? quis dizer XEmacs? Ou era parte da brincadeira mesmo? Existe sim :) J? existe at? um .deb; ? uma vers?o n?o-oficial, mas nunca me deu problemas... fa?a uma busca por emacs 21 no sec??o Linux do google, deve encontrar l?. Cumprimentos, fsm -- Frederico S. Mu?oz GNU http://www.gnu.org [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian http://www.debian.org http://sdf.lonestar.org - SDF Public Access Unix Systems pgpVlHmdcl8W1.pgp Description: PGP signature
Re: hurd.. um monte de lixo?
Daniel Confortin wrote: Amigos. Dias atras eu li uma declaracao de linus que chamava o nucleo do mac os (ou melhor o os X) de um monte de lixo... Pois... mas é preciso lembrar uma boa razão pela qual o Linux não gosta de Mach... se bem se lembram quando o Linux estava no início o Linux involveu-se numa polémica com o Professor de Arquitectura de Sistemas e criador do Minix, Tannenbaum; ele diziz que começar um kernel monolítico nos anos 90 era uma má ideia e falta de perspectiva. Existe uma conhecida 'flamewar' acerca deste assunto. Na altura a mior parte das pessoas disseram 'sim, de facto uma arquitectura em microkernel seria melhor, *mas* desde que funcione e nos dê uma alternativa...'. De lembrar que o próprio Linus disse no príncipio '... este sistema não irá ser profissional como o GNU...', embora o kernel Linux seja um óptimo kernel, e tenha evoluido imenso. Em resumo o Linus tem desde esses tempo uma certa repulsa a mircorkernels como o Mach. Alguem poderia me explicar a relação do Hurd com o mac OS e dar algum parecer sobre esta declaração? GNU Hurd e Mach OS usam Mach como microkernel, mas como já alguém disse, e bem, no Mac OS o microkernel funciona basicamente como mais uma parte de um kernel monolítico; no GNU Hurd o microkernel é explorado de forma a aproveitar todas as suas possibilidades: um sistema extensível, leve, compreensivel e seguro, onde utilizadores podem acrescentar pedaços de kernel (salvo seja) conforme as suas necessidades, ondes vários servidores que correm em cima do microkernel fornecem os mais variados serviços sem precisarem de correr em memória de sistema com permissões especiais. A própria utilização de Mach (GNUmach ou oskit-mach, este último aquele que irá ser a futura implementação de Mach para Hurd) não é fundamental: o que de facto forma o Hurd são os diversos servidores e 'translators', pode-se modificar de forma a correr em outros mkernels (L4, por exemplo), embora a tarefa não seja tão simples como se pensava (O Hurd utiliza várias funcionalidades específicas do Mach). Agora, para quem como eu gosta de OpenStep... correr GNUstep em cima do GNU/Hurd a correr sobre Mach tem o seu interesse de revivalismo histórico :) um abraço, fsm -- Frederico Serrano Muñoz GNU: http://www.gnu.org [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian: http://www.debian.org SDF - Public Access Unix Systems - http://sdf.lonestar.org
Re: .deb vs rpms
On Tue, Jan 02, 2001 at 11:17:25AM -0200, Cesar Cardoso wrote: On sex, 29 dez 2000 22:04:22 Frederico S. Muñoz wrote: Até agora para provar a superioridade dos deb bastava referir o apt-get install Para que isso acontecesse, um erro básico foi cometido: acreditar que o apt fazia parte do sistema dpkg. Se o apt foi planejado desde o início para ser o mais independente possível do sistema de packaging usado, usar o apt como vantagem da Debian era algo que não fazia sentido a longo prazo. Fazia - e faz - sentido porque o apt foi desenvolvido pela Debian de forma a melhorar o sistema de instalação; o facto de ter sido adicionado suporte para RPM não invalida este ponto, porque durante algum tempo nenhuma outra distribuição o utilizou. Agora, o software livre é livre por isso mesmo, é para ser aproveitado, modificado, etc, e ainda bem que assim é. Por isso e que sou terminantemente contra qualquer tentativa de uniformização de 'formato binário' para GNU/Linux por via de RPM. O que vai ser utilizado é um *subset* do RPM. Subsets não significam coisa alguma além de serem subsets; todos os RPM incompatíveis usam o mesmo subset RPM básico :) A verdade é que já li tanta informação contraditória sobre isto tudo que já não sei o que hei-de pensar. Honestamente parece-me que não vai acrescentar nada em termos de facilidade e compatibilidade, mas o tempo o dirá, não sei que projesctos estão pensados. Estão fazendo um carnaval em cima de um não-problema. A utilização do subset do RPM como padrão binário não vai mudar coisa alguma nas distros GNU/Linux. Até porque a única que talvez tivesse que se adaptar (Slackware) não pertence ao grupo, e certamente o Patrick deve estar achando que essa história toda é baboseira, e vai mandar a padronização tomar vocês-sabem-bem-onde. De facto... o Slackware é distribuido agora pela BSDi e tem duas versões: stable e current; seja o que for que se passe no GNU/Linux o Slackware nem ai dar por isso, e o mais provavel é adoptar o sistema de ports ;) Quanto ao não-problema: cada vez que se fala em standadrd e padronização é normal que as pessoas fiquem inquitos, não porque seja algo inerentemente mau mas porque a quantidade de informação sobre o assunto é contraditória e vaga, não se sabendo exactamente quais os planos em concreto, directivas a médio prazo, etc. Seja como fôr, subset ou não, a nível de utilização permanece que os RPM de diferentes distribuições são incompativeis (o mesmo pode vei a acontecer com debs da Strom e Progeny). E tambem que um RPM contem uma quantidade de regras e informação bastante menor que um deb. um abraço, fsm -- Frederico S. Muñoz GNU http://www.gnu.org [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian http://www.debian.org http://sdf.lonestar.org - SDF Public Access Unix Systems
Re: less can't show ä,ü, ö
Manuel Hendel wrote: Hi everybody, kann anyone help fixing my problem with less? I can't see any ä,ü or ö if I do a less file. export LANG=de_DE or export LC_CTYPE=de_DE or, if this doesn't work, export LESSCHARSET=de_DE cheers, fsm -- Frederico Serrano Muñoz GNU: http://www.gnu.org [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian: http://www.debian.org SDF - Public Access Unix Systems - http://sdf.lonestar.org
Re: less can't show ä,ü, ö
Colin Watson wrote: Frederico S. =?iso-8859-1?Q?Mu=F1oz?= [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Manuel Hendel wrote: kann anyone help fixing my problem with less? I can't see any ä,ü or ö if I do a less file. [...] or, if this doesn't work, export LESSCHARSET=de_DE That should be 'export LESSCHARSET=latin1' or 'export LESSCHARSET=iso8859'. Arrrgh, of course, you're right, I just had de_DE in mind and didn't think. yours, fsm -- Frederico Serrano Muñoz GNU: http://www.gnu.org [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian: http://www.debian.org SDF - Public Access Unix Systems - http://sdf.lonestar.org
Re: Digital music editor?
Michael Abraham Shulman wrote: Hi, Can anyone recommend a good digital music editor for Debian/Linux? I'd especially like one capable of slowing down a sound file without changing the pitch. Free is preferable, but commercial would be okay too if there isn't a good enough free one. Give SoundTracker a try... it's a tracker that works with samples and instruments, and you can import a wav file and play it with the keyboard at different tones, speeds, etc, you can change just about anything. yours, fsm -- Frederico Serrano Muñoz GNU: http://www.gnu.org [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian: http://www.debian.org SDF - Public Access Unix Systems - http://sdf.lonestar.org
Re: cd image ?
On Fri, Dec 08, 2000 at 01:12:04AM +0100, erasmo perez wrote: hi ! excuse me, does somebody know where can i find the iso cd images for the debian oficial distribution, version 2.2r2 ? thanks for all Go to http://cdimage.debian.org, that's the officail site for iso releases; the 2.2r2 was not yet ready yesterday, but it is announced to be available in a few days. yours, fsm -- Frederico S. Muñoz GNU http://www.gnu.org [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian http://www.debian.org http://sdf.lonestar.org - SDF Public Access Unix Systems pgpVaLJQZYJhe.pgp Description: PGP signature
Re: Digital music editor?
On Thu, Dec 07, 2000 at 10:11:43AM -0800, Michael Abraham Shulman wrote: fsm == Frederico S =?iso-8859-1?Q?Mu=F1oz?= Frederico writes: fsm Michael Abraham Shulman wrote: Can anyone recommend a good digital music editor for Debian/Linux? I'd especially like one capable of slowing down a sound file without changing the pitch. Free is preferable, but commercial would be okay too if there isn't a good enough free one. fsm Give SoundTracker a try... it's a tracker that works with samples fsm and instruments, and you can import a wav file and play it with fsm the keyboard at different tones, speeds, etc, you can change just fsm about anything. Looks good... except that there's no documentation whatsoever so I can't figure out how to use it. I can load a WAV file as a sample (which takes forever if it's a complete song), but then pressing play gives me no sound. Do I have to create a pattern or track somehow? I can't figure it out! Help! Ehe, yes, it's hard at first, it is aimed at ppl that used SoundTracker and Fastracker (not that I was one of them, I'm new to this tracking thing also); first, when you said you wanted to change the pitch, tone, etc, I supposed it was from small wav files, not from comlete songs :) Even so, in SoundTracker: * you load the wav (Load Sample) * you use the keyboard like a piano, each key has a tone. * to actually put thing into the tracks you tick 'Edit Mode' in the Track panel, place the mouse over a --- entry and click middle mouse, and them play a note with the keyboard. This is very basic and it is as I recall it :) On an unrelated note (and probably more on-topic), someone else recommended Snd, which also looks good, except that it won't play anything either. When I try, I get an error: can't play (data format 2 (mulaw (8 bits)) not available on /dev/dsp [audio.c[2095] oss_mus_audio_open_output]) [snd-dac.c[1719] start_audio_output_1] Is there something I can do to fix this? Um what sound card do you use? The same thing will prolly happen to me since I use a SB128 (ess something :) ) with the non-OSS sounddriver (the ess something driver) and that one doesn't has support for mulaw and /dev/dsp doesn't really work... hope it helps, fsm -- Frederico S. Muñoz GNU http://www.gnu.org [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian http://www.debian.org http://sdf.lonestar.org - SDF Public Access Unix Systems pgpYhDV8v1y5d.pgp Description: PGP signature
Re: fetchmail problem
New Star Service Company wrote: I create .fetchmailrc file in my /home/satyajit . like this : default forcecr poll spnetctg.com with proto POP user satyajit with password fetchall and give command in root # chmod 0710 /home/satyajit/.fetchmailrc I take connection and use this command in my /home/satyajit $ fetchmail -K pop.spnetctg.com password : I give password here but fetchmail give me following error but it show me how many message in my pop server. fetchmail : SMTP connect to localhost failed fetchmail : SMTP transaction error while fetching from pop.spnetctg.com fetchmail : Query status = 10 please help me how can I solve this problem. I think that the problem is not with fetchmail: fetchmail get's you mail from the POP server, but fails to deliver it to your local MTA (sendmail/exim/postfix/qmail/whatever). I had this problem before... I had to remove a smtpd package (IIRC) and change a thing in sendmail configuration... I know this isn't much help, but at least you know where the problem is (if I'm right, that is :) ). yours, fsm -- Frederico Serrano Muñoz GNU: http://www.gnu.org [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian: http://www.debian.org SDF - Public Access Unix Systems - http://sdf.lonestar.org
Re: filter
Marcelo Chiapparini wrote: On Wed, 29 Nov 2000 13:46:05 +0100, Sven Garbade wrote: snip Why don t you use apsfilter or magicfilter? I think you can save a lot of work. Also I found that CUPS works flawlessly on my bix, it's very easy to configure and comes with HP and EPSON drivers by default, network aware, etc. I really like CUPS, it solved most of my problems, and you can still use the lp* commands (CUPS substitutes them with a new version). hope it helps, fsm -- Frederico Serrano Muñoz GNU: http://www.gnu.org [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian: http://www.debian.org SDF - Public Access Unix Systems - http://sdf.lonestar.org
Re: coping with a high-volume mailing list (like this one)?
David Z Maze wrote: Frank Copeland [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: FC On 29 Nov 00 05:34:28 GMT, Lawrence H. Robins [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: LHR I'm curious to know what strategies are used by regular LHR subscribers to this list to deal with the high volume of LHR messages (250/day)? FC FC A mail2news gateway. A decent news client is always going to be a FC better bet for dealing with a high volume threaded discussion group. (Not for newbies, but...) I read all of my mail in Gnus, the singing, dancing mail- and newsreader for Emacs. Gnus' view of the world is that everything (including mail groups, mbox files, IMAP folders, ...) is a newsgroup, and reacts accordingly. Gnus is great, one fo the best :) (...) The big downside of Gnus, of course, is that it's written entirely in Emacs-Lisp, and you pretty much need to know elisp moderately well to be able to effectively configure it. It is a very powerful program, though; current versions support reading and sending MIME out-of-the-box, and good support for encrypted messages is coming up in the next version. Actually the biggest downside for me is that I can't use gpg with it... yes, I know about mailcrypt, it works very well and all looks great, but for ppl tha use another charset beside us-ascii AFAIK it doesn't work because apparently Emacs converts the chars with the high bit set from escapes into actual chars (or something to that effect :) ) *after* the message has been signed, and thus the signature will not check. I hope they fix this soon (if it is fixed please tell me); in the meantime i'm usign Mutt: I must say that I'm very happy with it so far, gpg works very well and it also works well with my procmail settings (BTW, to cope with the Debian lists the script that comes in the devscripts package is excellent! It creates the folders automatically and as .forward for sendmail and exim). So, both rock :) best regards, fsm -- Frederico Serrano Muñoz GNU: http://www.gnu.org [EMAIL PROTECTED]Debian: http://www.debian.org SDF - Public Access Unix Systems - http://sdf.lonestar.org
Re: filter
Erik Steffl wrote: I just installed cups and am kinda not sure what's going on (haven't read the docs yet), how does it work, in general? I mean do I need magicfilter? does it use ghostscript for printing to non-postscript printer? Er, well, actually I installed it recently and jusr red the main doc on how to install it... it's all straightforward, it autodetects the printer and can be done via a www config tool, all very friendly - and CLI is also available, of course. I think you do not need magicfilter, CUPS replaces BSD lp* with new versions that use the included HP or Epson drivers; as for postscript, I really don't know... all I know is that after installing and adding my printer I was able to print correctly images (never could do it before), text, Postscript, HTML, etc, all with the default settings the tools have /(i.e. lpr - ). best regards, fsm -- Frederico Serrano Muñoz GNU: http://www.gnu.org [EMAIL PROTECTED] Debian: http://www.debian.org SDF - Public Access Unix Systems - http://sdf.lonestar.org
Re: Partições
Thiago Volpi Ramos wrote: Tenho um disco de 10 giga e acabei de comprar outro de 20 gigas. Estou pensando em fazer as partições deles do seguinte modo: o disco de 10 gigas dividido em três, uma para windows me, uma para debian e outra para testes ( irei colocar diferentes distribuições/SO nessa para testar ). No disco de 20 giga quero deixar meus arquivos pessoais, tipo músicas e vídeos ( tenho muitos), de modo que eu possa acessá-los tanto do windows quanto do Linux. É possível fazer isso? É possivel, mas creio que tens que o formatar como FAT porque o Windows não reconhece discos com ext2... mas o contrário já acontece, podes aceder á partição a partir do GNU/Linux mesmo que seja FAT (inclusivé gravar, mover, etc). outra dúvida: irei fazer uma partição swap para o debian, se eu instalar o conectiva 6.0, por exemplo, na terceira partição do disco de 10 gigas posso fazê-lo usar a mesma swap do debian? Sim, a partição de swap é formatada com um id de Linux swap que é usado por totas as distribuições (até o GNU/Hurd a pode utilizar como swap). Gostaria que alguém me sugerisse uma leitura para como eu faço isso. Não sei nem por onde começar. Podias ser mais preciso? Quero dizer, para fazer partições convém leres as documentações do FIPS, o Partition-HOWTO - espero que haja um :), etc. O Install Guide da Debian tem informações adicionais para criar uma estrutura de partições separada dentro do Linux (/usr numa partição, /root noutra, etc). Espero que tenha servido de alguma coisa, um abraço, Frederico S. Muñoz [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Para Tradutores e Developers Debian READ IT!
Gustavo Noronha Silva (KoV) wrote: Falem meus amigos!! Developers principalmente, leiam essa mensagem. Fala de um pacote chamado language-env que tem possibilidade de configurar facilmente os locales do cara seria algo como o task-lang-pt que o Macan tinha sugerido, creio eu... deviamos dar uma olhada e suportar a nossa Lingua nesse pacote se for interessante... Bem, task-lang-pt parece-me *muito* interessante (assim como o language-env), isso permite localizar perfeitamente o Debian sem ser necessário criar uma distribuição nova (como é moda hoje em dia), um cd teria na secção local os pacotes necessários á localização (ou por apt-get, claro). A minha única questão - e desejo - é esta: não sei se já reparam - ehe, espero que não - mas eu falo português de Portugal (o que não é de estranhar pois sou de Lisboa)... sou, obviamente, subscritor e leitor atento desta lista. Neste momento não existem developers em Portugal (embora eu e mais 2 pessoas estejas na lista de nm), facto que espero ajudar a alterar. Posto isto considero mais que normal que se pressuma que todos os leitores são brasileiros :). A questão era a seguinte: seria muito bom que qualquer solução encontrada fosse modular o suficiente para a mesma estrutura suportar as duas variantes de forma fácil e transparent... com o locale é facil, eu uso pt,pt_PT,pt_BR,en e tudo funciona... com uma task, por exemplo, ou o pessoal de cá criaria uma task_lang_pt_PT ou então a task_lang_pt permitira no inicio a escolha da variante (com o pt_BR por defeito). Bem, é tudo, um grande abraço para todos os que estão a ajudar a fazer do Debian ainda mais nosso, Frederico S. Muñoz [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Para Tradutores e Developers Debian READ IT!
Gustavo Noronha Silva (KoV) wrote: Olah grande amigo!!! teria na secção local os pacotes necessários á localização (ou por apt-get, claro). apt-get =) e viria no cd da distribuicao tb... talvez o instalador pudesse decidir qual pacote de linguagens instalar se baseando na escolha do language chooser da instalacao Exacto, assim seria absolutamente transparente para o utilizador. A minha única questão - e desejo - é esta: não sei se já reparam - ehe, espero que não - mas eu falo português de Portugal (o que não é de estranhar pois sou de Lisboa)... sou, obviamente, subscritor e leitor atento desta lista. Neste momento não existem developers em Portugal (embora eu e mais 2 pessoas estejas na lista de nm), facto que espero ajudar a alterar. Posto isto considero mais que normal que se pressuma que todos os leitores são brasileiros :). A questão era a seguinte: Por falar nisso, eu jah pensei varias vezes em chamar todos de Portugal e trocar o nome do nosso projeto pra debian-pt... quem sabe naum podemos fazer isso ou entaum vcs criarem um debian-pt e aih comecar a portar o que nos jah fizemos e vice-versa Bem, por mim tudo bem, sempre fui a favor de - apesar das diferenças - tanto brasileiros como portugueses trabalharem juntos nestas questões (isto é, neste caso na infrastutura, não significa que as traduções sejam as mesmas, mas tabalhando juntos sabe-se exactamente o que cada um já traduziu, o que falta, dificuldades, etc). Devo no entanto avisar-te que apesar de para mim ser uma óptima solução om mais provavel é encontrares certa resistência á ideia... devido ao elevado número (comparativamente, pelo menos) de utilizadores (ou usuários :) ) brasileiros a uniformização de uma debian-pt que desse para os dois poderia ser vista como uma alteração desnecessária. Repara que eu pessoalmente concordo com a ideia, mas se calhar é mesmo melhor criar uma debian-pt que trate disso (enfim, quando houver mais developers em Portugal)... não vejo, contudo, qualquer necessidade de a debian-user-portuguese se dividir... como o nome indica é o forúm ideal para portuguese e brasileiros trocarem ideias (e muitos dos problemas que nos afligem são idênticos: a questão do teclado, das fontes, do X, etc, apenas com certas alterações). O que eu quero dizer com isto é que eu prezo acima de tudo a cooperação entre portugueses e brasileiros nestas questões, mas estou também ciente que vários problemas já ocorreram no passado (por exemplo, a questão das traduções para o Projecto GNU, aquilo foram meses de discussão até á separação)... o ideal seria tentar dialogar a sério, com amizade e sinceridade, para que juntos arranjemos a melhor solução para ambos :) seria muito bom que qualquer solução encontrada fosse modular o suficiente para a mesma estrutura suportar as duas variantes de forma fácil e transparent... com o locale é facil, eu uso pt,pt_PT,pt_BR,en e tudo funciona... com uma task, por exemplo, ou o pessoal de cá criaria uma task_lang_pt_PT ou então a task_lang_pt permitira no inicio a escolha da variante (com o pt_BR por defeito). sim =) claro que serah modular... afinal, nos naum queremos fazer o Debian mais usavel para 1 pais e sim mais facil de portar pra todos os paises, eu escolheria a opcao de criarmos o task-lang-pt-pt e o task-lang-pt-br e talvez o task-lang-pt-common =)? defeito=default? =) mas devemos pensar bem no pacote citado no forward... ele parece realmente muito bom! inclusive para computadores por exemplo, situados em Portugal que por ventura tenham usuario brasileiros poderiam se usar da possibilidade per-user dele =) Perfeito! O task-lang-pt-common dependeria do br || pt, e cada um deles dependeria do common (não vejo necessidade de have Conflict: entre os dois); o common teria a infrastrutura, o br/pt as definições locais. O caso que citastes é comum cá: trabalho com vários brasileiros por cá, uma solução per-user seria tb muito bom... achas que as duas soluções se excluem mutuamente ou podem conviver uma com a outra? Bem, é tudo, um grande abraço para todos os que estão a ajudar a fazer do Debian ainda mais nosso, Um grande abraco pros amigos d'alem mar e sintam-se a vontade de participar da lista e do projeto =) a lista tem o nome debian-user-portuguese e naum debian-user-brazillian =) Eh, claro, provavelmente por agora vou ser só eu, mas mais se seguirão (espero!) ;) Frederico S. Muñoz [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: debian-brazilian
Lalo Martins wrote: Sorry for the huge cross-posting, but I figure that not everyone subscribes to -user and -devel, and I had to try to catch everyone. Please followup in -devel only - use the Reply-to. So, how many Brazilian users/developers are there? (developers=3 IIRC) I would really appreciate to start a debian-brazilian list and a project to adapt debian to Brazilian Portuguese; what made me think it's already time was a note about someone packaging an ibrazilian dictionary for ispell (hadn't seen the upload tough]. Hello there: Concerning ispell there is a iportuguese dictionary available that is rather liberal in Brazil/Portugal variations; in fact if you don't use local slang and stick with the regular brazilian spelling you will find that it will prove of great help (the only thing that might be problematic is the use of the trema - ü, mainly, - but that can be easily corrected). Anyway, it will be very helpful even if you decide to go for the ibrazilian (hey, the more the merrier :) ), in fact one of them is a variation of the other, don't know which, but I would be happy to had the ibrazilian to my comp, so tell me where the heel is it! :) I don't have the URL right now because I'm not at home, but feel free to write me that I will be glad to supply you with all the information I know. For those who don't know, there is a Brazilian version of RedHat (run by a company). As people sometimes say in #debian, if I wanted to buy from a company I'd be using Windows ;-) Now serious, they're doing quite a good job of translating stuff and all the work they did is available for us (they said so). Now I'd like to have a really free (Debian) option. Yes, there is Conetiva RedHat available in brazilian Portuguese, but the good part is that they are doing it not because they have translated everything by their own, but because they are more aware of the current portuguese translations of GNU software... in fact I would urge you to join the Portuguese GNU/LI List at [EMAIL PROTECTED] the Portuguese here refers to the language, and there are quite a lot of brazilians there, including the guys from Conetiva... the thing is: first we have to translate everything to portuguese (brazilian or, er, portuguese portuguese - or European Portuguese, I don't know how to call it :) ) and then we split the translations... there are already several packages that in pt_PT and pt_BR, but I really think we should be translating everything together (hint: Conectiva uses several pt_PT translations in their distribution.). And another thing: I notice that local distributors (here mainly Cheap*Bytes Portugal) do not use the /local part of the CD´s to put the pt translations and man pages, and that is the real problem - and that's why RedHat in Brazil is different, they use what is available, while the others must go and fetch the files by hand. But we shouldn't stop there either: we should translate all the install program of Debian to portuguese, the packaging system, etc., because these are specific to Debian GNU/Linux... then we really would have an excellent distribution in our mother tongue (that gives the distribution character, and as some of you may recall '...character goes a long way...' :) ) [And in the future, a debian-users-brazilian would be cool to have too ;-)] Hey, work on it; I really think it's not the right approach to separate the pt_PT and pt_BR, because when you call something brazilian you are narrowing down the resources, but even so I would subscribe that mailing list... I currently use brazilian-made WindowMaker with portuguese menus, and I'm really happy with it. Just a final thing: it's really strange that RedHat has a portuguese (or brazilian, have it your way :) ) distribution when Debian is closer to the GNU Project (at least I like to think so) and doesn't use the GNU translations... as usual in GNU/Linux is up the us the interested ones to change things, so please feel free to write me for more information about the translation project already in course and ways to make a 100% portuguese Debian. Meanwhile... let's hope Brazil wins the Cup! :))) um abraço, Frederico S. Muñoz | Debian GNU/Linux [EMAIL PROTECTED] (I'm writing in english because I'm in an english (or American english :)) ) list, but please write me in portuguese, or brazilian portuguese, or, well, whatever :))) []s, |alo + -- Howling to the moonlight on a hot summer night... http://www.webcom.com/lalo mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] pgp key in the web page Free Software Union -- http://www.fslu.org Debian GNU/Linux --http://www.debian.org -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- Unsubscribe? mail -s unsubscribe [EMAIL PROTECTED] /dev/null
