question on measuring bonding impedance

2002-04-15 Thread shbeard

Is there a standard method for measuring AC bonding impedances for
electrical bonding?

Thanks in advance,
Susan Beard


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RE: question on measuring bonding impedance

2002-04-15 Thread Sam Davis
RE: question on measuring bonding impedanceMike,
A weld occurs when there is melting of metal.  The metal will only melt if
it gets enough heat.  It will only get enough heat if there is enough of a
resistance there (P=IR), or an arc (where the arc-welder gets its name),
either of which would mean poor bonding, a failure of the test.  A good bond
won't be warm to the touch (wait until the current is off before testing my
theory)
BTW, the connection tested in 1010, 60950 and many other safety standards is
the path to ground, which, in a fault, may have to withstand xx amps until
the fuse blows or the circuit breaker trips.

Even though my experience comes from my past few employers, my opinions are
my own.
---
Sam Davis
Regulatory Engineer
Professional Testing Inc.
(512)244-3371 x112
www.ptitest.com


-Original Message-
From: owner-emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org
[mailto:owner-emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org]On Behalf Of Michael Taylor
Sent: Monday, April 15, 2002 2:02 PM
To: 'Ken Javor'; Robert Wilson; shbe...@rockwellcollins.com;
emc-p...@ieee.org
Subject: RE: question on measuring bonding impedance


  I promised myself I was not going to drag out my soap box and jump into
this but . . .!
  (this discussion is limited to only the issue of the measurement of bond
impedance - not if the connection can stand xx amps)

  While MIL 5087 establishes some bonding requirements  methods,  for
domestic product safety EN-61010 Sect 6.5.1 requires 25Amps (DC or ACrms) or
2x the fuse rating.  I have never liked this method of testing.

  Does it make any sense to test the impedance of a connection by welding it
???
  Any of the low voltage (low current) ac bridge or Kelvin methods will tell
you the actual impedance of the joint.
  Or, it will tell you that an oxide layer exists in the bond at that test
potential (stress) level.  The oxide layer may only be angstroms thick and
require a few nanovolts potential difference to punch through, but you know
what it really is.

  Not, what the welded connection has become.  The impedance and the area of
the bond determine the current carrying capacity.

  If proper testing indicates an oxide layer problem then it can be dealt
with mechanical means to establish a gas tight connection or with the
introduction of a conductive compound.  Bell Labs developed the best
conductive compound I have ever come across, called NO-OX. Developed to
produce a 20 year stable ultra-low Z connection on the DC battery buss bars
in telephone switching centers  It's exact composition is unknown but I
think it includes reconstituted catfish pond sludge (or some equally fowl
compound).  I remain a firm proponent of finesse not nuke um  see what's
left although the 1010 standard forces me to do the high amperage test. I
do it but I don't like it.

  I'll put my soapbox away now, it's time for the people in white coats to
return me to the home.
  Regards,
  Michael Taylor
  (thawing out in Colorado)

  -Original Message-
  From: Ken Javor [mailto:ken.ja...@emccompliance.com]
  Sent: Monday, April 15, 2002 11:44 AM
  To: Robert Wilson; shbe...@rockwellcollins.com; emc-p...@ieee.org
  Subject: Re: question on measuring bonding impedance




  I wasn't going to respond to this one because I know of no standard, and I
  don't know what you mean by AC, power frequency or rf.  But HP/Agilent
  makes/used to make a bond meter with a 1 kHz signal.  The purpose was
partly
  to offset the effects of galvanic potentials: an ac measurement cancles
the
  dc galvanic potential out.

  --
  From: Robert Wilson robert_wil...@tirsys.com
  To: shbe...@rockwellcollins.com, emc-p...@ieee.org
  Subject: RE: question on measuring bonding impedance
  Date: Mon, Apr 15, 2002, 10:46 AM
  

  
   How about the usual method of determining the value of very low
   resistances and impedances? Pass a known (relatively high) AC current
   through the connection, measure the voltage drop and use Ohm's law to
   calculate the resistance (and this is, after all, an essentially
   resistive connection).
  
   Bob Wilson
   TIR Systems Ltd.
   Vancouver.
  
   -Original Message-
   From: shbe...@rockwellcollins.com [mailto:shbe...@rockwellcollins.com]
   Sent: April 15, 2002 4:49 AM
   To: emc-p...@ieee.org
   Subject: question on measuring bonding impedance
  
  
   Is there a standard method for measuring AC bonding impedances for
   electrical bonding?
  
   Thanks in advance,
   Susan Beard
  
  
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Re: question on measuring bonding impedance

2002-04-15 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Michael Taylor mtay...@hach.com wrote (in
da60a3b237698944981e58ebf28d76d03de...@iris.lvl.hach.com) about
'question on measuring bonding impedance', on Mon, 15 Apr 2002:
 for domestic product safety EN-61010 Sect 6.5.1 requires 25Amps (DC or 
ACrms) or 2x the fuse rating.  I have never liked this method of testing.

Well, EN61010 is certainly not for domestic products, that's EN60335-1,
but most of the standards call up a similar test. For safety purposes,
it's appropriate, because the test is intended to find out if the
protective device will operate in the event of an overcurrent fault. The
voltage source driving the earth fault current may, in Europe, be as
high as 50 V, but there may be some voltage drop in the fault circuit,
so that the joint sees no more that a few volts, hence the limited
source voltage for the test, usually 12 V. 

A 'dry circuit' test may be appropriate for some purposes, but for
safety purposes, the existing test is apt.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
Interested in professional sound reinforcement and distribution? Then go to 
http://www.isce.org.uk
PLEASE do NOT copy news posts to me by E-MAIL!

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Re: question on measuring bonding impedance

2002-04-15 Thread John Woodgate

I read in !emc-pstc that Robert Wilson robert_wil...@tirsys.com wrote
(in 3FF57405336C9B4C976A1819F860A2560F6966@xng_tirsys.TIRSYS.COM)
about 'question on measuring bonding impedance', on Mon, 15 Apr 2002:
How about the usual method of determining the value of very low
resistances and impedances? Pass a known (relatively high) AC current
through the connection, measure the voltage drop and use Ohm's law to
calculate the resistance (and this is, after all, an essentially
resistive connection).

This is indeed one standard method, often called 'the millivolt-drop
method'.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk 
Interested in professional sound reinforcement and distribution? Then go to 
http://www.isce.org.uk
PLEASE do NOT copy news posts to me by E-MAIL!

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RE: question on measuring bonding impedance

2002-04-15 Thread Chris Maxwell

Susan, 

I'm not sure what AC means in your message below.  I'm
assuming that you mean in the radio frequency range, where low bonding
impedance across joints means good shielding effectiveness.

There is an SAE standard for measuring the transfer impedance
across EMI shielding gaskets:  SAE-ARP-1705.

I personally have never seen the actual standard.  I have only
seen it quoted as a reference document on spec sheets for EMC gaskets.

Is this the type of information that you're looking for? Perhaps
those more familiar can comment?

If you are dealing with lower frequency AC such as 60Hz,
1Khz... I have already seen some replies that provide some decent
guidance on how to perform this measurement.

Best Regards

Chris Maxwell | Design Engineer - Optical Division
email chris.maxw...@nettest.com | dir +1 315 266 5128 | fax +1 315 797
8024

NetTest | 6 Rhoads Drive, Utica, NY 13502 | USA
web www.nettest.com | tel +1 315 797 4449 | 


  -Original Message-
  From: shbe...@rockwellcollins.com
 [mailto:shbe...@rockwellcollins.com]
  Sent: April 15, 2002 4:49 AM
  To: emc-p...@ieee.org
  Subject: question on measuring bonding impedance
 
 
  Is there a standard method for measuring AC bonding impedances for
  electrical bonding?
 
  Thanks in advance,
  Susan Beard
 
 
  ---
 
 

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Re: IEC/EN 61010-1:2001 - Dielectric Strength Testing Question ( another)

2002-04-15 Thread John Allen
Hi Folks

My turn to ask some questions as a newcomer to this version of the standard:

1
Dielectric Strength Testing to Clause 6.8.4 Voltage tests  Table 9 Test 
voltages for BASIC INSULATION.

Can anyone confirm my suspicion that there may be a misprint in Column 1 
Clearance of Table 9 , as follows: The line entry between 1.0 and 2.0 is 
1.4 - should this not be 1.5
(mm)?

That it should be so appears (to me at least!) to be fairly obvious from Table 
8 Clearance
for measurement categories II, III and IV where 1.5 (mm) is mentioned in
numerous places but 1.4 is not mentioned at all.

Apart from anything else, 1.5mm is the category II minimum value for nominal 
line voltages of 150V=300V - which will be the mimimum value for a very large 
amount of equipment. 

Otherwise, the majority of users of the standard will have to start out by 
interpolating in Table 9 - which is not very clever to say the least, as 
mistakes may well occur!

Therefore, even if I am wrong about the need for the 1.4 entry, I think that 
the test voltages for 1.5mm should be given as well.


2
This relates to another (this time probable) misprint in Fig 5 Flow chart to 
explain the requirements for protection against the spread of fire.

On the right hand side of the diagram (At least in my copy)  there appear to be 
arrows missing between the boxes for 
i) Construction requirements for components 9.2.1 a) and ENCLOSURE 
requirements 9.2.1 b) 
and 
(ii) between ENCLOSURE requirements 9.2.1 b) and Requirements for flammable 
liquids 9.4 c), d) or e).

(Obvious I know, but this should not have happened with an important recent 
standard).

3 
Finally, the Flow chart symbols in this diagram do not appear to conform to 
some generally accepted principles, i.e should there not be decision (OR) 
box symbols  where alternative
routes are available (e.g. as in Fig 10) ?


Comments please - and maybe some corrections to the standard if I am correct.

John Allen
(Ex Thales Defence - but now thankfully with another job after being made 
redundant!)

PS 
Has anyone checked the OTHER entries in Table 9? 

The one above seems wrong, and thus there could be other very errors which 
could significantly affect the pass/failure of equipment under test due to 
testing at incorrect voltages.




RE: question on measuring bonding impedance

2002-04-15 Thread Michael Taylor
I promised myself I was not going to drag out my soap box and jump into this
but . . .!
(this discussion is limited to only the issue of the measurement of bond
impedance - not if the connection can stand xx amps)
While MIL 5087 establishes some bonding requirements  methods,  for
domestic product safety EN-61010 Sect 6.5.1 requires 25Amps (DC or ACrms) or
2x the fuse rating.  I have never liked this method of testing.
Does it make any sense to test the impedance of a connection by welding it
???
Any of the low voltage (low current) ac bridge or Kelvin methods will tell
you the actual impedance of the joint.  
Or, it will tell you that an oxide layer exists in the bond at that test
potential (stress) level.  The oxide layer may only be angstroms thick and
require a few nanovolts potential difference to punch through, but you know
what it really is.  
Not, what the welded connection has become.  The impedance and the area of
the bond determine the current carrying capacity.

If proper testing indicates an oxide layer problem then it can be dealt
with mechanical means to establish a gas tight connection or with the
introduction of a conductive compound.  Bell Labs developed the best
conductive compound I have ever come across, called NO-OX. Developed to
produce a 20 year stable ultra-low Z connection on the DC battery buss bars
in telephone switching centers  It's exact composition is unknown but I
think it includes reconstituted catfish pond sludge (or some equally fowl
compound).  I remain a firm proponent of finesse not nuke um  see what's
left although the 1010 standard forces me to do the high amperage test. I
do it but I don't like it.

I'll put my soapbox away now, it's time for the people in white coats to
return me to the home.
Regards,
Michael Taylor
(thawing out in Colorado)

-Original Message-
From: Ken Javor [mailto:ken.ja...@emccompliance.com]
Sent: Monday, April 15, 2002 11:44 AM
To: Robert Wilson; shbe...@rockwellcollins.com; emc-p...@ieee.org
Subject: Re: question on measuring bonding impedance



I wasn't going to respond to this one because I know of no standard, and I
don't know what you mean by AC, power frequency or rf.  But HP/Agilent
makes/used to make a bond meter with a 1 kHz signal.  The purpose was partly
to offset the effects of galvanic potentials: an ac measurement cancles the
dc galvanic potential out.

--
From: Robert Wilson robert_wil...@tirsys.com
To: shbe...@rockwellcollins.com, emc-p...@ieee.org
Subject: RE: question on measuring bonding impedance
Date: Mon, Apr 15, 2002, 10:46 AM



 How about the usual method of determining the value of very low
 resistances and impedances? Pass a known (relatively high) AC current
 through the connection, measure the voltage drop and use Ohm's law to
 calculate the resistance (and this is, after all, an essentially
 resistive connection).

 Bob Wilson
 TIR Systems Ltd.
 Vancouver.

 -Original Message-
 From: shbe...@rockwellcollins.com [mailto:shbe...@rockwellcollins.com]
 Sent: April 15, 2002 4:49 AM
 To: emc-p...@ieee.org
 Subject: question on measuring bonding impedance


 Is there a standard method for measuring AC bonding impedances for
 electrical bonding?

 Thanks in advance,
 Susan Beard


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Re: question on measuring bonding impedance

2002-04-15 Thread Ken Javor

I wasn't going to respond to this one because I know of no standard, and I
don't know what you mean by AC, power frequency or rf.  But HP/Agilent
makes/used to make a bond meter with a 1 kHz signal.  The purpose was partly
to offset the effects of galvanic potentials: an ac measurement cancles the
dc galvanic potential out.

--
From: Robert Wilson robert_wil...@tirsys.com
To: shbe...@rockwellcollins.com, emc-p...@ieee.org
Subject: RE: question on measuring bonding impedance
Date: Mon, Apr 15, 2002, 10:46 AM



 How about the usual method of determining the value of very low
 resistances and impedances? Pass a known (relatively high) AC current
 through the connection, measure the voltage drop and use Ohm's law to
 calculate the resistance (and this is, after all, an essentially
 resistive connection).

 Bob Wilson
 TIR Systems Ltd.
 Vancouver.

 -Original Message-
 From: shbe...@rockwellcollins.com [mailto:shbe...@rockwellcollins.com]
 Sent: April 15, 2002 4:49 AM
 To: emc-p...@ieee.org
 Subject: question on measuring bonding impedance


 Is there a standard method for measuring AC bonding impedances for
 electrical bonding?

 Thanks in advance,
 Susan Beard


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RE: Calibration Tracking Software

2002-04-15 Thread Andrew Carson

We use a package called GAGEtrack, produced by the CyberMetrics
Corporation.

www.visit.com

Good if you have a large number of items to track and control. If you
only have a limited number, Excel is a very good tool.

Andrew Carson - Senior Compliance Engineer, Xyratex, UK

Phone: +44 (0)23 9249 6855 Fax: +44 (0)23 9249 6014


-Original Message-
From: richwo...@tycoint.com [mailto:richwo...@tycoint.com] 
Sent: 15 April 2002 15:37
To: emc-p...@ieee.org
Subject: RE: Calibration Tracking Software


Mike, we use Excel and include the following data:

Model
Description
Serial number
Manufacturer
Last cal date
Due cal date
Calibration lab
Cal cost

Richard Woods
Sensormatic Electronics
Tyco International




-Original Message-
From: Mike Stone [mailto:mst...@lsr.com]
Sent: Monday, April 15, 2002 8:22 AM
To: EMC-PSTC (E-mail)
Subject: Calibration Tracking Software




Good Morning,

I have been looking for a reasonably priced (cheap) software program to
track and produce status reports  for our calibrated equipment. Does
anyone
have any suggestions?  Thank you in advance.


Regards,

Michael Stone

L. S. Compliance Inc.
W66 N220 Commerce Court
Cedarburg, WI  53012

262-375-4400  Ext. 128
mst...@lsr.com





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Re: Criteria for UL V0 plastic enclosure

2002-04-15 Thread Rich Nute




Hi Scott:


   In the case of LPS, wouldn't the plastic enclosure still be considered 
 decorative
   plastic outside a fire enclosure and required to meet HB flame class (per 
 UL
   60950, 4.7.3.3)?

Yes.

Virtually all plastic materials meet the HB flame class,
hence my comment that he may use any plastic.


Best regards,
Rich


   Rich Nute wrote:
   
The choice is yours.  If your product is supplied by a
Limited Power Source, then you may use any plastic for the
enclosure.  If your product is not supplied by a Limited
Power Source, then you must use V1 or better plastic for







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RE: Calibration Tracking Software

2002-04-15 Thread richwoods

Mike, we use Excel and include the following data:

Model
Description
Serial number
Manufacturer
Last cal date
Due cal date
Calibration lab
Cal cost

Richard Woods
Sensormatic Electronics
Tyco International




-Original Message-
From: Mike Stone [mailto:mst...@lsr.com]
Sent: Monday, April 15, 2002 8:22 AM
To: EMC-PSTC (E-mail)
Subject: Calibration Tracking Software




Good Morning,

I have been looking for a reasonably priced (cheap) software program to
track and produce status reports  for our calibrated equipment. Does anyone
have any suggestions?  Thank you in advance.


Regards,

Michael Stone

L. S. Compliance Inc.
W66 N220 Commerce Court
Cedarburg, WI  53012

262-375-4400  Ext. 128
mst...@lsr.com





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Re: Criteria for UL V0 plastic enclosure

2002-04-15 Thread Scott Lemon

Hello Rich,

In the case of LPS, wouldn't the plastic enclosure still be considered 
decorative
plastic outside a fire enclosure and required to meet HB flame class (per UL
60950, 4.7.3.3)?

Regards,
Scott

Rich Nute wrote:

 The choice is yours.  If your product is supplied by a
 Limited Power Source, then you may use any plastic for the
 enclosure.  If your product is not supplied by a Limited
 Power Source, then you must use V1 or better plastic for


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Calibration Tracking Software

2002-04-15 Thread Mike Stone


Good Morning,

I have been looking for a reasonably priced (cheap) software program to
track and produce status reports  for our calibrated equipment. Does anyone
have any suggestions?  Thank you in advance.


Regards,

Michael Stone

L. S. Compliance Inc.
W66 N220 Commerce Court
Cedarburg, WI  53012

262-375-4400  Ext. 128
mst...@lsr.com





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Re: Measuring Instruments Directive

2002-04-15 Thread CherryClough
Dear Nick
There are a number of useful links on the draft MID on our website A 
HREF=http://www.cherryclough.com;
www.cherryclough.com/A under Useful links to EU directives (or go directly 
to: A 
HREF=http://www.cherryclough.com/usefullinks1/index.html;http://www.cherryclough.com/usefullinks1/index.html/A).
 
We haven't rechecked these links recently, so some of them may have rotted.

Also, we have a brief introduction to the provisions of the draft MID (and 
many other directives) plus the same links in our  downloadable introduction 
to EU Directives under Lists of EU Directives  (or go directly to: A 
HREF=http://www.cherryclough.com/nss-folder/eudirectives/;
http://www.cherryclough.com/nss-folder/eudirectives//A).

All the very best!
Keith Armstrong

In a message dated 12/04/02 17:54:01 GMT Daylight Time, ni...@tsd.serco.com 
writes:

 Subj:Measuring Instruments Directive 
 Date:12/04/02 17:54:01 GMT Daylight Time
 From:A HREF=mailto:ni...@tsd.serco.com;ni...@tsd.serco.com/A
 To:A 
 HREF=mailto:emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org;emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org/A
 Sent from the Internet 
 
 I have come across some information on the web specifically to do with 
 electricity and gas meters that infers  that a new directive called the 
 Measuring Instruments Directive is about to come into force.
 
 I have searched the Europa website for information on this but can not find 
 any.
 
 Does anyone have any info or ideas on this?
 
 Thanks
 Nick Martin