Re: [Emc-users] splash geometry

2010-11-23 Thread Kirk Wallace
On Mon, 2010-11-22 at 20:28 -0600, Stuart Stevenson wrote:
> that is the gcode program
> 
> On Mon, Nov 22, 2010 at 7:02 PM, Kirk Wallace
> wrote:
> 
> > On Mon, 2010-11-22 at 17:55 -0600, Stuart Stevenson wrote:
> > > Gentlemen,
> > >   Where would I find the geometry for the EMC2.4/AXIS splash?
> > > thanks
> > > Stuart

It would be a big help if you asked the question that I was
answering. :)

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http://www.wallacecompany.com/E45/index.html
California, USA


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Re: [Emc-users] OT: leaving stepppers energized but not moving

2010-11-23 Thread Kirk Wallace
On Tue, 2010-11-23 at 18:58 -0400, Christopher Purcell wrote:
> Having lately found the Run from line # feature in Axis to be so useful, I 
> now am
> guilty of stopping a violin carving job on my 3 axis wood router, and 
> continuing the next day, or the one after that, etc...
> Is there any risk to leaving steppers energized, but not not moving?
> 
> The motors remain barely warm to the touch, as they are bolted to plenty of 
> heat sinking material.
> I am thinking this is much safer than leaving the job to run unattended,
>  which for sure could burn the house down, if anything goes wrong.
> 
> christopherpurc...@mac.com

You could do a complete shut down, then touch-off on a known surface
when you start the job up again. Or, have a home switch and lead screw
flag on each axis to get an accurate home. As long as your workpiece
doesn't move relative to the table, you should be okay, or am I off base
here.
-- 
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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Don Stanley
Thanks John and All;
It appears NTP solves the clock drift problem in Linux systems, completely.
As soon as I can ferret out the HAL bits and pieces needed to keep the
generator synced to the PC clock, this problem is solved.
Any clues of the bits and pieces needed would give me a great jump start.

Sincere Thanks
Don

On Tue, Nov 23, 2010 at 12:17 AM, John Kasunich wrote:

> Do you have internet access at the site?
>
> If you are running an PC for EMC, you can use NTP to keep
> the PC's clock synced to the rest of the world, and some HAL
> bits and pieces to keep the generator synced to the PC
> clock.  EMC's encoder component could easily count 60Hz.
>
>
> On Tue, 23 Nov 2010 00:11 -0500, "Don Stanley" 
> wrote:
> > Hi All;
> > My next project is a remote off grid 60 HZ power unit.
> > I am thinking of a EMC2 PID to control the RPM.
> > I am also expecting maybe a 1-2 HZ momentary shift as the
> > big power loads come on and off line.
> >
> > I am looking for a method to get a reliable reference that can be used to
> > average 60 HZ through the power surges and correct a local timer drift
> > for long term accuracy. A simple WWV corrected timer
> > (a Wall mart Atomic clock with outputs).
> > Anyone know of such a device?
> >
> > Thanks
> > Don
> >
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> --
>  John Kasunich
>  jmkasun...@fastmail.fm
>
>
>
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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Jon Elson
Przemek Klosowski wrote:
> On Tue, Nov 23, 2010 at 1:14 PM, Jon Elson  wrote:
>
>   
>> The GPS system has atomic clocks accurate to some insane level like one
>> second in 10,000 years.  They have to periodically adjust the clocks for 
>> relativistic
>> effects.
>> 
>
> NIST runs the master clocks for the system from Boulder, and keeps
> improving them. The most recent generation uses single Aluminum ion,
> and is accurate to 1s in over 3 billion years.
Right, and the clocks on board the GPS satellites are periodically reset 
from the NIST master
clocks.  The time standards carried on board the satellites are not this 
accurate, but are still
Rubidium atomic clocks, and WAYYY more accurate than anything us mere 
mortals can
afford.  At least, that is the way the system used to be set up, there 
might have been updates
since.

Jon

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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Jon Elson
Edward Bernard wrote:
> Does this mean the "smart grid" we have heard so much about is just a pipe 
> dream?
>   
Smart grid has absolutely nothing to do with stability of large 
electrical grid systems.
Smart grid is mostly related to having individual appliances able to be 
turned off at peak
load times, and giving customers a credit for doing that.

There is some worry, I think, about all the non-linear loads that draw 
constant power over
a range of voltages.  In cases of extreme shortage of generating 
capacity, they used to do
"brownouts" where they would reduce voltage, and incandescent and 
heating loads would
be reduced.  Compact fluorescents, motors on VFDs, computers, etc. all 
will draw constant
power during a brownout, and they look a lot less resistive also, so may 
be less absorptive
to network instability (less damping).

Jon

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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Jon Elson
Jack Coats wrote:
> In the old days I worked on IBM mainframes, and a small mainframe (4341 if I
> remember right) had a generator
> set to help isolate the power.
A crazy friend of mine bought a pair of 370-145 "mainframes" that were 
retired at our
work.  We tore one apart for parts, and actually tried to get the other 
one working.  They had a
17 KVA motor generator set in the back, that converted 208 3 phase 60 Hz 
power to 115 V
3 phase 415 Hz power.  I guess that means a 2-pole induction motor 
turning a 14-pole alternator
at about 3560 RPM.  Unfortunately, his small house had only a 60 A 240 V 
service, and we
were never able to get the motor up to delta connection without tripping 
his main breaker.

So, important digital loads on the machine ran off the MG set, but the 
cooling fans, floppy drive
motor and front panel lights ran off the 60 Hz power.  The power 
supplies were quite small for
linear supplies.  They had 3-phase transformer-rectifiers, and then a 
thing they called an electronic
capacitor.  During the line peaks they shunted current through a big 
inductor, then turned this
off during the dips between cycles.  This allowed them to use a TINY 
capacitor for a pretty hefty
supply, like 5 V at 300 A.  The 370/145 was an insanely primitive 
minicomputer running an
amazingly "vertical" microcode emulation of the 370 instruction set, and 
the performance showed
it.  They ran VM/370 and a bunch of MVS and TSO systems under it.  It 
generally took them 45
minutes to an hour to bring all these OSes back up after a crash.  TOTAL 
insanity.


Jon

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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Przemek Klosowski
On Tue, Nov 23, 2010 at 1:14 PM, Jon Elson  wrote:

> The GPS system has atomic clocks accurate to some insane level like one
> second in 10,000 years.  They have to periodically adjust the clocks for 
> relativistic
> effects.

NIST runs the master clocks for the system from Boulder, and keeps
improving them. The most recent generation uses single Aluminum ion,
and is accurate to 1s in over 3 billion years. This is so sensitive
that when the latest clock was being tested it showed a discrepancy
which at first got everyone worried, but then turned out to be the
result of a 17 cm elevation difference between it and the previous
clock used for reference. The clock instrument scientists  wrote a
nice Science paper on general relativistic effects of Earth
gravitational field:
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/329/5999/1630.abstract
http://tf.boulder.nist.gov/general/pdf/2447.pdf

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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Edward Bernard




- Original Message 
From: Jon Elson 
To: Enhanced Machine Controller (EMC) 
Sent: Tue, November 23, 2010 12:24:47 PM
Subject: Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ 
average.



Experts have tried to model the whole grid, and found it to be very 
nearly mathematically intractable.
Resistance and leakage inductance in transformers, etc. are the only 
thing keeping the grid (barely)
stable.

Jon

Does this mean the "smart grid" we have heard so much about is just a pipe 
dream?



  

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Re: [Emc-users] OT: leaving stepppers energized but not moving

2010-11-23 Thread Andy Pugh
On 23 November 2010 22:58, Christopher Purcell
 wrote:
>
> Having lately found the Run from line # feature in Axis to be so useful, I 
> now am
> guilty of stopping a violin carving job on my 3 axis wood router, and 
> continuing the next day

Setting feed-hold (or feed-override to zero) might be better.

Generally stopped steppers get hotter than moving steppers, but that
does rather depend on the drives. Some reduce the current when
stopped.

-- 
atp

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[Emc-users] OT: leaving stepppers energized but not moving

2010-11-23 Thread Christopher Purcell
Having lately found the Run from line # feature in Axis to be so useful, I now 
am
guilty of stopping a violin carving job on my 3 axis wood router, and 
continuing the next day, or the one after that, etc...
Is there any risk to leaving steppers energized, but not not moving?

The motors remain barely warm to the touch, as they are bolted to plenty of 
heat sinking material.
I am thinking this is much safer than leaving the job to run unattended,
 which for sure could burn the house down, if anything goes wrong.

christopherpurc...@mac.com




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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Ian W. Wright
Sounds just like the data centre I ran the services for - 
except that we used ICL mainframes yuk!!

Ian

On 23/11/2010 18:55, Jack Coats wrote:
> I helped build a 'small data center', we put in 3 1MW diesel generators to
> feed two 1MW APC UPSes, that ran
> the data center.  The AC ran off of the diesel generators and grid power.
>   We ran full time off the APC UPSes,
> and if the commercial power failed, we automatically brought up all 3
> generators.  Assuming one would fail,
> the others could carry the full load.  If one did not fail, the one with the
> longest run time in the logs would be
> shout down.  The UPSes were big enough to run the data center at full load
> for about 20 minutes, but it should
> be no more than 60 seconds before we were on generator power if commercial
> failed, or was out for more than a few
> moments.
>
> In the old days I worked on IBM mainframes, and a small mainframe (4341 if I
> remember right) had a generator
> set to help isolate the power.  Internal to that machine the generator set
> generated 400Hz, but we fed it from our
> commercial building power into the generator.  It was not mechanically
> efficient, but it kept the machine going.
> The HVAC was on regular building power. ,,, Even at larger datacenters where
> I worked, the idea was enough
> building UPS to keep the computer and networking going.  The UPS and
> building HVAC and a few essential
> services were powered by the generator sets if commercial power died, and we
> tried to have power fed from two
> or more separate sub-stations linked to different parts of the 'grid'.  One
> side on the same 'grid feed' as a local
> hospital or two if possible ... their power seems to get fixed first :) ...
> but at the ones where I was, no major
> fly wheel storage or things like that.
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Re: [Emc-users] Intel Atom with a FPGA.

2010-11-23 Thread Ian W. Wright
Isn't this just what folks like tose on the RepRap project 
are starting to do with the Arduino Mega? One interesting 
arm of this project is the RepRap Hydra branch where the 
machine being made incorporates both a 3D printer and a 
milling head to either refine the printed part or work 
independantly. All the G-code instructions and complicated 
parts of the driving system are contained in the Arduino 
memory and all the PC needs to do is pass the list of 
instructions to the Arduino via USB. Seems a very 
interesting way to go to me, espacially as parallel ports 
are getting scarcer and scarcer.

Ian
_
Ian W. Wright
Sheffield  UK

On 23/11/2010 17:48, Speaker To-Dirt wrote:
> Do you know what this means?
>
> http://hardware.slashdot.org/story/10/11/23/0642238/Intel-Launches-Atom-CPU-With-Integrated-FPGA?from=rss
>
> Change the real time engine of EMC2 into a FPGA image and run the real time 
> parts of EMC2 is real, real time. If they provide a header for direct access 
> to the FPGA core and don't require us to go through the NorthBridge, memory 
> bus, then PCI bus to get at the data, it would mean we could have real time 
> motion control tied to a real clock with the CPU free to do other things and 
> not being tied up serving requests from the real time engine and the rest of 
> Linux.
>
> I'm no expert on RTAI or EMC2. But I may be to take advantage of this. I use 
> FPGA's for camera controllers and let me tell you they allow you to do some 
> amazing things and for a class of problems it's like turning the world upside 
> down.
>
> Andrew
>
>
>
>
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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Przemek Klosowski
On Tue, Nov 23, 2010 at 1:14 PM, Igor Chudov  wrote:
> On Tue, Nov 23, 2010 at 12:10 PM, Andy Pugh  wrote:
>> On 23 November 2010 16:52, Dave  wrote:
>>
>>> Apparently there is a large DC inverter station out in the northwest??
>>> that is used to allow different synchronization of  the grids
>>
>> I think that might be to prevent the US grid being a rather efficient
>> antenna and radiating half the energy into space.
>>
>> 60Hz x speed of light = 3000 miles.
>
> But, but, the wires usually go in pairs (or threes for three phase),
> would that not cancel out the antenna effects?

Common configuration of HV lines returns through earth, to save the
cost of wire.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-voltage_direct_current

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Re: [Emc-users] Migrating from Heron to Lucid

2010-11-23 Thread Andy Pugh
On 23 November 2010 21:07, Lars Andersson  wrote:
>
> Seems I'm in the wrong place (kern vs. user), this looks better (but not
> good)

25k isn't stellar, but is perfectly usable.

You can drive a stepper at 3000rpm with x4 microstepping at that.

-- 
atp

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Re: [Emc-users] Migrating from Heron to Lucid

2010-11-23 Thread Lars Andersson
Seems I'm in the wrong place (kern vs. user), this looks better (but not
good)

## RTAI latency calibration tool ##
# period = 10 (ns) 
# average time = 1 (s)
# use the FPU
# start the timer
# timer_mode is oneshot

RTAI Testsuite - USER latency (all data in nanoseconds)
2010/11/23 22:01:43
RTH|lat min|ovl min|lat avg|lat max|ovl max|   overruns
RTD|   -482|   -482|   -102|  10336|  10336|  0
RTD|   -328|   -482|-32|   5855|  10336|  0
RTD|   -334|   -482|-45|  10302|  10336|  0
RTD|   -330|   -482|-81|  23673|  23673|  0
RTD|   -337|   -482|-69|  11448|  23673|  0
RTD|   -357|   -482|   -163|   4865|  23673|  0
RTD|   -330|   -482|-65|  11564|  23673|  0
RTD|   -327|   -482|-18|  10560|  23673|  0
RTD|   -335|   -482|-64|  11562|  23673|  0
RTD|   -335|   -482|-41|  10919|  23673|  0
RTD|   -328|   -482|-71|  25069|  25069|  0
RTD|   -328|   -482|-39|  10947|  25069|  0
RTD|   -335|   -482|-49|  11529|  25069|  0
RTD|   -330|   -482|-61|  25220|  25220|  0
RTD|   -325|   -482|-33|   8491|  25220|  0
RTD|   -322|   -482|-28|   9991|  25220|  0
RTD|   -326|   -482|-57|   9416|  25220|  0
RTD|   -332|   -482|-62|   8797|  25220|  0


> -Original Message-
> From: Andy Pugh [mailto:a...@andypugh.fsnet.co.uk]
> Sent: den 23 november 2010 19:39
> To: Enhanced Machine Controller (EMC)
> Subject: Re: [Emc-users] Migrating from Heron to Lucid
> 
> On 23 November 2010 18:14, Lars Andersson 
> wrote:
> 
> > Did a lot of googling on that, I am afraid I don't understand what
> > "software-only openGL" is but I would like to try it. Any pointers
> please?
> 
> http://wiki.linuxcnc.org/cgi-
> bin/emcinfo.pl?TroubleShooting#Installing_Software_based_OpenGL
> 
> But I am not especially optimistic.
> 
> --
> atp
> 
> ---
> ---
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Re: [Emc-users] Migrating from Heron to Lucid

2010-11-23 Thread Lars Andersson
Thanks,
I did read that document but missed it. 
Now when I run the GUI version of latency test it is stable below 30 000 but
when I run the testsuite version it is different, (and to me unreadable):

## RTAI latency calibration tool ##
# period = 10 (ns) 
# avrgtime = 1 (s)
# do not use the FPU
# start the timer
# timer_mode is oneshot

RTAI Testsuite - KERNEL latency (all data in nanoseconds)
RTH|lat min|ovl min|lat avg|lat max|ovl max|   overruns
RTD|  -1365|  -1365|199|2083252|2083252|   8329
RTD|  -1357|  -1365|  -1178|   -367|2083252|   8329
RTD|  -1367|  -1367|  -1191|   4123|2083252|   8329
RTD|  -1367|  -1367|  -1167|   1047|2083252|   8329
RTD|  -1360|  -1367|  -1187|   -695|2083252|   8329
RTD|  -1366|  -1367|  -1238|   -100|2083252|   8329
RTD|  -1370|  -1370|  -1186|   -519|2083252|   8329
RTD|  -1360|  -1370|  -1202|257|2083252|   8329
RTD|  -1360|  -1370|  -1192|   -423|2083252|   8329
RTD|  -1364|  -1370|  -1190|   -719|2083252|   8329

Doesn't look so good does it?


> -Original Message-
> From: Andy Pugh [mailto:a...@andypugh.fsnet.co.uk]
> Sent: den 23 november 2010 19:39
> To: Enhanced Machine Controller (EMC)
> Subject: Re: [Emc-users] Migrating from Heron to Lucid
> 
> On 23 November 2010 18:14, Lars Andersson 
> wrote:
> 
> > Did a lot of googling on that, I am afraid I don't understand what
> > "software-only openGL" is but I would like to try it. Any pointers
> please?
> 
> http://wiki.linuxcnc.org/cgi-
> bin/emcinfo.pl?TroubleShooting#Installing_Software_based_OpenGL
> 
> But I am not especially optimistic.
> 
> --
> atp
> 
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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Jack Coats
I helped build a 'small data center', we put in 3 1MW diesel generators to
feed two 1MW APC UPSes, that ran
the data center.  The AC ran off of the diesel generators and grid power.
 We ran full time off the APC UPSes,
and if the commercial power failed, we automatically brought up all 3
generators.  Assuming one would fail,
the others could carry the full load.  If one did not fail, the one with the
longest run time in the logs would be
shout down.  The UPSes were big enough to run the data center at full load
for about 20 minutes, but it should
be no more than 60 seconds before we were on generator power if commercial
failed, or was out for more than a few
moments.

In the old days I worked on IBM mainframes, and a small mainframe (4341 if I
remember right) had a generator
set to help isolate the power.  Internal to that machine the generator set
generated 400Hz, but we fed it from our
commercial building power into the generator.  It was not mechanically
efficient, but it kept the machine going.
The HVAC was on regular building power. ,,, Even at larger datacenters where
I worked, the idea was enough
building UPS to keep the computer and networking going.  The UPS and
building HVAC and a few essential
services were powered by the generator sets if commercial power died, and we
tried to have power fed from two
or more separate sub-stations linked to different parts of the 'grid'.  One
side on the same 'grid feed' as a local
hospital or two if possible ... their power seems to get fixed first :) ...
but at the ones where I was, no major
fly wheel storage or things like that.
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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Jack Coats
At one time I heard there were legal reasons that caused the 'grid' to keep
frequency long
term stable.  This is why AC clocks are basically 'never off', the frequency
does vary, but
within 24 hours they still must have generated the same number of 'cycles'.
 This allows
them to 'slow' the cycles or 'speed up' a bit, but still counting cycles
over a long period is
what makes it appears so frequency stable. ... just my thoughts.
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Re: [Emc-users] Migrating from Heron to Lucid

2010-11-23 Thread Andy Pugh
On 23 November 2010 18:14, Lars Andersson  wrote:

> Did a lot of googling on that, I am afraid I don't understand what
> "software-only openGL" is but I would like to try it. Any pointers please?

http://wiki.linuxcnc.org/cgi-bin/emcinfo.pl?TroubleShooting#Installing_Software_based_OpenGL

But I am not especially optimistic.

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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Jack Coats
Keeping exactly 60Hz isn't that critical.  The real timing is being done by
crystals
and the clock can be set using a little GPS or even easier NTP software if
you have
reasonable internet access.

Are you considering staying in sync if commercial power fails?

For computer loads UPSes are great, but their frequency does drift a little.
 For
industrial applications (like EMC2 :) even if it is 'home industry' ) exact
timing
doesn't matter, unless you are planning on 'grid tie' your shop to the grid.
 Then
you should look into the 'grid tie' hardware that the solar and wind folks
use.
They have been doing it for a long time now (10+ years) and have it down.

Personally I would like to have a 'off the grid' shop.  Solar for lights and
light work,
kick in a generator when 'real power' is needed, and as an optional battery
recharger.

I guess it is just the little bit of 'green geek' in me that wants that.
 But since I don't
have a 'shop' I can dream.  Practicality says that building it and tie it to
the grid and
just pay the bills makes the most economic sense in the short to mid-term (2
to 10 years)
to me.
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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Jon Elson
Dave wrote:
> Interesting.
>
> Apparently there is a large DC inverter station out in the northwest?? 
> that is used to allow different synchronization of  the grids in the 
> eastern US with the western US or across some other regional divide.
>
> Sort of like a giant AC drive taken to an entirely different level..  ;-)
>
>   
My understanding is that most of the time the Eastern and Western grids 
are not tied,
but that during shortages, they can interconnect that way.  Many years 
ago, maybe in the
1960's or so, they tried a direct AC interconnect across the Hoover Dam, 
which bridges the
two grids.  The system became unstable, as they had two big pools with a 
HUGE length
of transmission lines between them, thus a large inductor between what 
acted somewhat like
two big capacitors.  They developed a large amount of reactive power 
flowing back and forth
between the two systems at a rate of a couple Hz, or maybe it was below 
one Hz.

Anyway, they later installed a huge cycloconverter that could couple the 
two systems without
regard to phase angle, and send power whichever way it was needed.


Jon

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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Jon Elson
Ian W. Wright wrote:
>
> Yes, you're right but I'm not sure how close they ahere to 
> that nowadays. With the common frequency dips due to load 
> problems and the tendency for people to convert to quartz 
> timing instead of mains synchronous, I wonder if they bother 
> so much or whether they just try to get it right weekly or 
> some such. Maybe I'll put a mains frequency monitor on here 
> out of interest - its 13 years since I retired from the 
> ratrace of chasing power around plant rooms..
>
>   
We have several line-synched electronic clocks here, and they all keep 
excellent
time.  So, it seems the utility here (and thus, the entire midwest-US 
electric grid)
maintains very good long-term synch.  In fact, these line-sync clocks 
are more
accurate than the clocks in some of my computers that do not have NTP 
running
to correct their drift.

Jon

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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Jon Elson
Ian W. Wright wrote:
> John,
>
> I think Andy was assuming that this power generator would be 
> backup for mains outages when, if the switchover were to be 
> automatic and seamless,
If you want seamless transfer to emergency power, then the alternator needs
to be online all the time.  For big data centers, they have electronic 
UPS's and
flywheel energy storage, but that is not really practical for small users.

Jon

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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Jon Elson
Leslie Newell wrote:
> Generally they adjust the frequency throughout the day. As the load on 
> the system increases the frequency drops. To increase the frequency they 
> bring more generators on line. If the frequency gets too high they 
> reduce the generating capacity. The really tricky bit is matching 
> generating capacity to the load well enough to maintain a reasonably 
> accurate 50/60Hz
>   
The power stations are self-synched to the overall grid.  Opening the 
throttle on the
turbines acts to increase frequency, but due to the enormous stiffness 
of all the alternators,
many of the throttles have to be opened wider and then the frequency 
starts to rise very
slowly.  So, it is a VERY tricky and slightly unstable network.  You can 
measure the
effect of each individual alternator by measuring the phase angle 
between current and
voltage, although that gets complicated by the excitation level of the 
alternator.  Reducing field
excitation causes the alternator to produce current that lags the 
voltage, like an induction motor,
and increasing the excitation causes current to lead the voltage.

Experts have tried to model the whole grid, and found it to be very 
nearly mathematically intractable.
Resistance and leakage inductance in transformers, etc. are the only 
thing keeping the grid (barely)
stable.

Jon

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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Igor Chudov
On Tue, Nov 23, 2010 at 12:10 PM, Andy Pugh  wrote:
> On 23 November 2010 16:52, Dave  wrote:
>
>> Apparently there is a large DC inverter station out in the northwest??
>> that is used to allow different synchronization of  the grids in the
>> eastern US with the western US or across some other regional divide.
>
> I think that might be to prevent the US grid being a rather efficient
> antenna and radiating half the energy into space.
>
> 60Hz x speed of light = 3000 miles.

But, but, the wires usually go in pairs (or threes for three phase),
would that not cancel out the antenna effects?

i

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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Jon Elson
Andy Pugh wrote:
> Doesn't it need to be synched to mains frequency rather than absolute
> time? How accurate is NTP (or even GPS time) in this context?
> ...
>   
The GPS system has atomic clocks accurate to some insane level like one 
second in 10,000
years.  They have to periodically adjust the clocks for relativistic 
effects.  The satellites
transmit time to receivers on earth, and the time code system can 
resolve the broadcast time
to a nanosecond - literally.  Then, after solving the equations for path 
delay from several satellites,
the position can be fixed, and so the real time on an arbitrary point on 
earth can be determined
to great precision. 

NTP is supposed to be good to well within a second, assuming any decent 
net connection.

On the other hand, unless this generator is extremely reliable and run 
24/7 constantly for months,
trying to sync electric clocks to it seems a poor choice.  Maybe find a 
good computer with a good
real time clock on it and have it "broadcast" time over a serial line to 
remote time displays.
That's what I do here, and Linux even automatically corrects the time 
for daylight savings time
twice a year.  (I also have temperature and humidity sensors, so the 
displays show time, date,
temp and humidity at convenient locations.)

Jon


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Re: [Emc-users] Migrating from Heron to Lucid

2010-11-23 Thread Lars Andersson


> -Original Message-
> From: Andy Pugh [mailto:a...@andypugh.fsnet.co.uk]
-
-
> I think some people have found that switching to software-only openGL
> has improved things, though mainly in the sense of not-crashing rather
> than latency.
-
- 
Did a lot of googling on that, I am afraid I don't understand what
"software-only openGL" is but I would like to try it. Any pointers please?


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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Andy Pugh
On 23 November 2010 16:52, Dave  wrote:

> Apparently there is a large DC inverter station out in the northwest??
> that is used to allow different synchronization of  the grids in the
> eastern US with the western US or across some other regional divide.

I think that might be to prevent the US grid being a rather efficient
antenna and radiating half the energy into space.

60Hz x speed of light = 3000 miles.

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Re: [Emc-users] Intel Atom with a FPGA.

2010-11-23 Thread Speaker To-Dirt

Do you know what this means?

http://hardware.slashdot.org/story/10/11/23/0642238/Intel-Launches-Atom-CPU-With-Integrated-FPGA?from=rss

Change the real time engine of EMC2 into a FPGA image and run the real time 
parts of EMC2 is real, real time. If they provide a header for direct access to 
the FPGA core and don't require us to go through the NorthBridge, memory bus, 
then PCI bus to get at the data, it would mean we could have real time motion 
control tied to a real clock with the CPU free to do other things and not being 
tied up serving requests from the real time engine and the rest of Linux.

I'm no expert on RTAI or EMC2. But I may be to take advantage of this. I use 
FPGA's for camera controllers and let me tell you they allow you to do some 
amazing things and for a class of problems it's like turning the world upside 
down.

Andrew


  

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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Dave
Interesting.

Apparently there is a large DC inverter station out in the northwest?? 
that is used to allow different synchronization of  the grids in the 
eastern US with the western US or across some other regional divide.

Sort of like a giant AC drive taken to an entirely different level..  ;-)

I remember finding it via a google lookup one time.

Dave

On 11/23/2010 11:25 AM, dave wrote:
> 50 some years ago a couple of engineers came to Coulee from the Denver
> office (USBR) and installed a mag amp in feed forward mode to control
> the penstock gate on one of the small units. This was before the third
> powerhouse so the units were all 108 Mw. This one unit was used to swing
> the entire Northwest Power Pool  ( OR, WA, ID, UT, and most of MT and
> WY ). I don't have any quantitative figures but the frequency regulation
> got 10X better.
>
> Dave
>
> On Tue, 2010-11-23 at 17:17 +0200, Roland Jollivet wrote:
>
>> I heard once (here in SA) that the mains cycles were adjusted close to
>> midnight, so that the number remained consistent on a daily basis. I don't
>> know how it's arranged though, since there are so many power stations to
>> sync.
>>
>> Regards
>> Roland
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On 23 November 2010 16:49, Ian W. Wright  wrote:
>>
>>  
>>> On 23/11/2010 14:37, Andy Pugh wrote:
>>>
 On 23 November 2010 14:31, Ian W. Wright
  
>>>   wrote:
>>>
  
> hell, I've seen our mains frequency
> vary from 47 to 54 Hz over the day many times depending on
> the load and no one ever complains...
>
 Though supposedly you should still always get 432 cycles per day.

  
>>> Yes, you're right but I'm not sure how close they ahere to
>>> that nowadays. With the common frequency dips due to load
>>> problems and the tendency for people to convert to quartz
>>> timing instead of mains synchronous, I wonder if they bother
>>> so much or whether they just try to get it right weekly or
>>> some such. Maybe I'll put a mains frequency monitor on here
>>> out of interest - its 13 years since I retired from the
>>> ratrace of chasing power around plant rooms..
>>>
>>> Ian
>>>
>>>
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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread dave
50 some years ago a couple of engineers came to Coulee from the Denver
office (USBR) and installed a mag amp in feed forward mode to control
the penstock gate on one of the small units. This was before the third
powerhouse so the units were all 108 Mw. This one unit was used to swing
the entire Northwest Power Pool  ( OR, WA, ID, UT, and most of MT and
WY ). I don't have any quantitative figures but the frequency regulation
got 10X better. 

Dave

On Tue, 2010-11-23 at 17:17 +0200, Roland Jollivet wrote:
> I heard once (here in SA) that the mains cycles were adjusted close to
> midnight, so that the number remained consistent on a daily basis. I don't
> know how it's arranged though, since there are so many power stations to
> sync.
> 
> Regards
> Roland
> 
> 
> 
> 
> On 23 November 2010 16:49, Ian W. Wright  wrote:
> 
> > On 23/11/2010 14:37, Andy Pugh wrote:
> > > On 23 November 2010 14:31, Ian W. Wright
> >  wrote:
> > >
> > >> hell, I've seen our mains frequency
> > >> vary from 47 to 54 Hz over the day many times depending on
> > >> the load and no one ever complains...
> > > Though supposedly you should still always get 432 cycles per day.
> > >
> > Yes, you're right but I'm not sure how close they ahere to
> > that nowadays. With the common frequency dips due to load
> > problems and the tendency for people to convert to quartz
> > timing instead of mains synchronous, I wonder if they bother
> > so much or whether they just try to get it right weekly or
> > some such. Maybe I'll put a mains frequency monitor on here
> > out of interest - its 13 years since I retired from the
> > ratrace of chasing power around plant rooms..
> >
> > Ian
> >
> >
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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Leslie Newell
Generally they adjust the frequency throughout the day. As the load on 
the system increases the frequency drops. To increase the frequency they 
bring more generators on line. If the frequency gets too high they 
reduce the generating capacity. The really tricky bit is matching 
generating capacity to the load well enough to maintain a reasonably 
accurate 50/60Hz

Les

On 23/11/2010 15:17, Roland Jollivet wrote:
> I heard once (here in SA) that the mains cycles were adjusted close to
> midnight, so that the number remained consistent on a daily basis. I don't
> know how it's arranged though, since there are so many power stations to
> sync.
>
> Regards
> Roland


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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Roland Jollivet
I heard once (here in SA) that the mains cycles were adjusted close to
midnight, so that the number remained consistent on a daily basis. I don't
know how it's arranged though, since there are so many power stations to
sync.

Regards
Roland




On 23 November 2010 16:49, Ian W. Wright  wrote:

> On 23/11/2010 14:37, Andy Pugh wrote:
> > On 23 November 2010 14:31, Ian W. Wright
>  wrote:
> >
> >> hell, I've seen our mains frequency
> >> vary from 47 to 54 Hz over the day many times depending on
> >> the load and no one ever complains...
> > Though supposedly you should still always get 432 cycles per day.
> >
> Yes, you're right but I'm not sure how close they ahere to
> that nowadays. With the common frequency dips due to load
> problems and the tendency for people to convert to quartz
> timing instead of mains synchronous, I wonder if they bother
> so much or whether they just try to get it right weekly or
> some such. Maybe I'll put a mains frequency monitor on here
> out of interest - its 13 years since I retired from the
> ratrace of chasing power around plant rooms..
>
> Ian
>
>
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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Ian W. Wright
On 23/11/2010 14:37, Andy Pugh wrote:
> On 23 November 2010 14:31, Ian W. Wright  wrote:
>
>> hell, I've seen our mains frequency
>> vary from 47 to 54 Hz over the day many times depending on
>> the load and no one ever complains...
> Though supposedly you should still always get 432 cycles per day.
>
Yes, you're right but I'm not sure how close they ahere to 
that nowadays. With the common frequency dips due to load 
problems and the tendency for people to convert to quartz 
timing instead of mains synchronous, I wonder if they bother 
so much or whether they just try to get it right weekly or 
some such. Maybe I'll put a mains frequency monitor on here 
out of interest - its 13 years since I retired from the 
ratrace of chasing power around plant rooms..

Ian

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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Dave
On 11/23/2010 9:23 AM, Andy Pugh wrote:
> On 23 November 2010 14:06, John Kasunich  wrote:
>
>
>>> My next project is a remote off grid 60 HZ power unit.
>>>
>> I think this has nothing to do with transitions to/from utility
>> power.
>>  
> Ah, in that case, why does it matter?
>
>

Not sure.   Generally when generators take over after a power outage 
they don't try and maintain sync with the utility since the utility has 
no power on the lines to synch with.  When the power comes back up, the 
generator speed is synced to the line and the
transfer is made back to the utility.

I remember back in college that we had a lab experiment in my power 
class where we did an actual manual power transfer to and from the 
utility lines with a generator.  Back then they used 3 light bulbs 
connected L1 to L1, L2 to L2, L3 to L3 between the generator and the 
utility lines.When all three light bulbs went out the generator was 
in synch with the line and you could open and close the transfer 
switch.  Some wise guy wanted to see what would happen if you threw the 
switch when things were out of sync..  so he threw the switch and we all 
got to hear the bang when the generator was pulled into sync by the 
utility.   The professor was not amused.I distinctly remember that 
prof as he later tried to throw me out of college after I found he was 
using out of date materials and I was forced to confront him with it.
Not my best college memory.  Fortunately I prevailed, and the department 
chair assigned a different prof as my advisor.

Dave

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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Andy Pugh
On 23 November 2010 14:31, Ian W. Wright  wrote:

> hell, I've seen our mains frequency
> vary from 47 to 54 Hz over the day many times depending on
> the load and no one ever complains...

Though supposedly you should still always get 432 cycles per day.

-- 
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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread sam sokolik
Sounds like mainly he want his old 60cycle clocks to work correctly.  :)

sam

On 11/23/2010 8:23 AM, Andy Pugh wrote:
> On 23 November 2010 14:06, John Kasunich  wrote:
>
>>> My next project is a remote off grid 60 HZ power unit.
>> I think this has nothing to do with transitions to/from utility
>> power.
> Ah, in that case, why does it matter?
>

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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Ian W. Wright
John,

I think Andy was assuming that this power generator would be 
backup for mains outages when, if the switchover were to be 
automatic and seamless, it would indeed to essential to get 
the generator frequency very close to mains frequency and, 
more importantly, the phases in the correct rotational 
relationship before switch back to the mains. It took ages 
for the supplier's techs to get this right on the 2 x 1100Hp 
deisel gennys I had at work

If this genny is to completely stand-alone off in the woods 
somewhere - I don't really see why it needs tying to any 
major time standard - what's going to power a PC while the 
genny gets up and running anyway? Normally engine 
governors or feedback electronics should keep the frequency 
within limits anyway - hell, I've seen our mains frequency 
vary from 47 to 54 Hz over the day many times depending on 
the load and no one ever complains...


Ian
_
Ian W. Wright
Sheffield  UK

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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Andy Pugh
On 23 November 2010 14:06, John Kasunich  wrote:

>> My next project is a remote off grid 60 HZ power unit.
>
> I think this has nothing to do with transitions to/from utility
> power.

Ah, in that case, why does it matter?

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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread John Kasunich


On Tue, 23 Nov 2010 10:16 +, "Andy Pugh" 
wrote:

> 
> Doesn't it need to be synched to mains frequency rather than absolute
> time? 

(snip)

> However, what is really needed is to keep synch with the local mains
> during outages,

(snip)
 
> When the mains comes back you could use the PID to bring the generator
> back in to phase before switching back over. 

The original poster wrote:

> My next project is a remote off grid 60 HZ power unit.

I think this has nothing to do with transitions to/from utility
power.

John
-- 
  John Kasunich
  jmkasun...@fastmail.fm


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Re: [Emc-users] splash geometry

2010-11-23 Thread Jeff Epler
.. or maybe use truetype-tracer's dxf output mode if that provides a
better input to the software you want to play with the path in.

Jeff

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Re: [Emc-users] Seeking ideas how to sync an AC generator to 60 HZ average.

2010-11-23 Thread Andy Pugh
On 23 November 2010 05:17, John Kasunich  wrote:
>
> Do you have internet access at the site?
>
> If you are running an PC for EMC, you can use NTP to keep
> the PC's clock synced to the rest of the world

Doesn't it need to be synched to mains frequency rather than absolute
time? How accurate is NTP (or even GPS time) in this context?
...
 http://gpsinformation.net/main/gpstime.htm seems to think
that is it close enough.

However, what is really needed is to keep synch with the local mains
during outages, and that might be better done by a local clock. You
could potentially use siggen with a PID to correct phase, then lock
the PID when mains voltage is lost. PID dosn't have a "lock" pin, so
you would probably need to use a sample_hold.

When the mains comes back you could use the PID to bring the generator
back in to phase before switching back over. (and it probably wouldn't
drift that much anyway)

-- 
atp

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Re: [Emc-users] OT: Reactor

2010-11-23 Thread Peter Blodow
Hello gentlemen,
some 20 years ago I made some experiments with a DC-controlled 
adjustable inductor like that, we called it a varactor. Three of them 
were used in a large stabilized three-phase mains supply powered by 
giant vacuum tubes (50 to 100 kW or so). Those varactors were three 
legged iron monsters, looking like three phase transformers, where the 
two outer coils were magnetized with high voltage DC and the center coil 
carried very heavy square profile wire for the mains supply current. By 
applying DC from a separate supply it was possible to drive the iron 
into saturation, thus inhibiting the AC magnetic field and, as a result, 
the emf which in turn caused the output voltage and current to increase. 
A DC controllable choke, very elegant, I thought.

I wanted to make a welding device from that setup which still is a sexy 
idea to me. But I found out that adjusting the output current was very 
touchy and tricky and, as I think now, only possible with a closed 
circuit control system, not so easy considering the high control voltage 
needed. The idea of having several hundred volts DC around in the shop 
working with partly gounded metal parts and grinding chips flying all 
over  made me feel uneasy, anyway. After blowing the houses main fuses 
(400V, 50 A) several times I gave up experimenting and made more taps on 
the main transformer which would give steady results.

Considering the weight of the whole setup I think a modern IGBT-inverter 
welding  "transformer" would be better in every way.

Best regards from foggy  Bavaria

Peter Blodow





Leslie Newell schrieb:
> Yes it does sound like a variable reactor setup. The control signal is 
> DC and pushes the core into saturation, reducing it's inductance. The 
> early BOSS Bridgeport  CNC mills used this sort of setup to reduce the 
> idle current on the stepper motors. It also used to be quite commonly 
> used on TIG welders to control the output current. These days they do it 
> with electronics instead.
>
> Les
>
>
> On 21/11/10 21:00, Kirk Wallace wrote:
>   
>> I have what appears to be a transformer with a reactor in series with
>> the secondary. The reactor is used to control the transformer output
>> current. I can imagine the reactor will act like a normal inductor and
>> impede the AC current, but the reactor has another coil on it. I assume
>> this coil is used for current control and works by pushing the core into
>> saturation. Is my assumption correct? Would the control signal would be
>> DC or some sort of phase controlled signal?
>>
>>   Control
>>   Signal?
>>Pri  Sec|  |
>> ---D "
>> D "
>> D " C--o
>> Mains  D " C  Output
>> D " C--o
>> ---D "
>>
>> (Just for fun -- I found this link while looking for reactor
>> information:
>> http://books.google.com/books?id=mtwDMBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA162#v=onepage&q&f=false
>> Short URL http://alturl.com/owob4 )
>>
>>
>> 
>
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