Re: [fpc-pascal] problems compiling FPC

2012-10-17 Thread Graeme Geldenhuys
On 2012-10-17 01:40, Frank Church wrote:
 
 As the solution doesn't seem to be too difficult which file or files can
 we zoom in on to fix it?


Thanks for showing interest in this. I know near zero about Makefiles
and Makefile.fpc. I'm still a bit confused with FPC though. Does FPC now
use fpmake everywhere? If yes, then why are there still so many
Makefiles in FPC Trunk? Quite possibly I just don't understand the use
of fpmake I guess.

The idea seems quite simple though. Do a `$compiler -iV` where $compiler
is the starting compiler use to compile the FPC source code. If that
version doesn't match a known latest stable compiler version constant,
then report an error and terminate.

Regards,
  - Graeme -



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[fpc-pascal] Seems Delphi is moving to Java-style primitive types

2012-10-17 Thread Graeme Geldenhuys

Well, kind-of... I don't know if C# also supports this (like Java). It
probably does, because for the last few years, Delphi has just been
copying whatever is in C#. [sad]


eg: This compiles and works in Delphi XE3.

   ShowMessage('Hello World!'.ToUpper);

And there are lots more string functions (like .ToUpper) out of the box.


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndeJeBdZQIwfeature=sharelist=UUStifH8LUsnsTQNcT_BDTVw

It actually uses record helpers, but the end result looks very much like
Java primitive types where you have type.ToString, type.Equals,
type.Split etc...

Interesting.

Regards,
  - Graeme -

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Re: [fpc-pascal] problems compiling FPC

2012-10-17 Thread Mark Morgan Lloyd

Graeme Geldenhuys wrote:

On 2012-10-17 01:40, Frank Church wrote:

As the solution doesn't seem to be too difficult which file or files can
we zoom in on to fix it?



Thanks for showing interest in this. I know near zero about Makefiles
and Makefile.fpc. I'm still a bit confused with FPC though. Does FPC now
use fpmake everywhere? If yes, then why are there still so many
Makefiles in FPC Trunk? Quite possibly I just don't understand the use
of fpmake I guess.

The idea seems quite simple though. Do a `$compiler -iV` where $compiler
is the starting compiler use to compile the FPC source code. If that
version doesn't match a known latest stable compiler version constant,
then report an error and terminate.


Some slack would be desirable: stable is 2.6.0 but there are known 
issues which are fixed by 2.6.1. Perhaps we need something like 
FORCE=1 to allow a minor version bump to be accepted, or FORCE=1.1 
to accept anything up to 2.7.1.


However the thing that's really needed in my opinion is a clear 
statement for each SVN tag which FPC version should be used for 
compilation. Ditto for Lazarus, it shouldn't be necessary to delve into 
the source to find this.


--
Mark Morgan Lloyd
markMLl .AT. telemetry.co .DOT. uk

[Opinions above are the author's, not those of his employers or colleagues]
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Re: [fpc-pascal] problems compiling FPC

2012-10-17 Thread Jonas Maebe

On 17 Oct 2012, at 10:53, Graeme Geldenhuys wrote:

 The idea seems quite simple though. Do a `$compiler -iV` where $compiler
 is the starting compiler use to compile the FPC source code. If that
 version doesn't match a known latest stable compiler version constant,
 then report an error and terminate.

See http://www.mail-archive.com/fpc-pascal@lists.freepascal.org/msg25868.html 
and the rest of the thread.


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Re: [fpc-pascal] problems compiling FPC

2012-10-17 Thread Rainer Stratmann
Am Wednesday 17 October 2012 11:10:22 schrieb Mark Morgan Lloyd:
 Graeme Geldenhuys wrote:
  On 2012-10-17 01:40, Frank Church wrote:
  As the solution doesn't seem to be too difficult which file or files can
  we zoom in on to fix it?
 
  Thanks for showing interest in this. I know near zero about Makefiles
  and Makefile.fpc. I'm still a bit confused with FPC though. Does FPC now
  use fpmake everywhere? If yes, then why are there still so many
  Makefiles in FPC Trunk? Quite possibly I just don't understand the use
  of fpmake I guess.
 
  The idea seems quite simple though. Do a `$compiler -iV` where $compiler
  is the starting compiler use to compile the FPC source code. If that
  version doesn't match a known latest stable compiler version constant,
  then report an error and terminate.

 Some slack would be desirable: stable is 2.6.0 but there are known
 issues which are fixed by 2.6.1. Perhaps we need something like
 FORCE=1 to allow a minor version bump to be accepted, or FORCE=1.1
 to accept anything up to 2.7.1.

ACCEPTEDVERSION=x.x.x also could be a flexible solution.

 However the thing that's really needed in my opinion is a clear
 statement for each SVN tag which FPC version should be used for
 compilation. Ditto for Lazarus, it shouldn't be necessary to delve into
 the source to find this.


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[fpc-pascal] fpmake compiles the same unit multiple times

2012-10-17 Thread Graeme Geldenhuys
Hi,

I'm using FPC 2.6.0 and have a fpmake.pas program for fpGUI. To be
honest I don't really use it, but to keep it up to date. Anyway, I
noticed that if I do a 'fpmake build', that fpmake compiles many of my
units multiple times. Anywhere from 2-4 times. I double checked my
fpmake.pas unit, and I haven't added those units multiple times in the
code, so why is fpmake building them more than once?

The fpmake.pas unit in question can be viewed at the following URL with
your web browser:

  https://github.com/graemeg/fpGUI/blob/master/src/fpmake.pas


Belowo you can see the fpmake output. The first part is going well...
units are only compiled once. But then later most units are compiled 2-4
times??


[src (wip)]$ ./fpmake build -UG
/home/graemeg/devel/fpc-2.6.0/x86_64-linux/lib/fpc/2.6.0/units/x86_64-linux/
Start building package fpgui for target x86_64-linux.
   Compiling corelib/fpg_base.pas
   Compiling ./corelib/x11/fpg_impl.pas
   Compiling corelib/fpg_main.pas
   Compiling ./corelib/x11/fpg_interface.pas
   Compiling ./corelib/x11/fpg_x11.pas
   Compiling ./corelib/x11/fpg_xft_x11.pas
   Compiling ./corelib/x11/fpg_netlayer_x11.pas
   Compiling corelib/fpg_main.pas
   Compiling ./corelib/x11/fpg_interface.pas
   Compiling corelib/fpg_imgfmt_bmp.pas
   Compiling corelib/fpg_utils.pas
...snip...
   Compiling gui/fpg_spinedit.pas
   Compiling gui/fpg_spinedit.pas
   Compiling gui/fpg_colorwheel.pas
   Compiling gui/fpg_colorwheel.pas
   Compiling gui/fpg_colormapping.pas
   Compiling gui/fpg_colormapping.pas
   Compiling gui/fpg_editbtn.pas
   Compiling reportengine/u_command.pas
   Compiling reportengine/u_pdf.pas
   Compiling reportengine/u_report.pas
   Compiling reportengine/u_command.pas
   Compiling reportengine/u_visu.pas
   Compiling reportengine/u_reportimages.pas
   Compiling reportengine/u_reportimages.pas
   Compiling reportengine/u_pdf.pas
   Compiling reportengine/u_report.pas
   Compiling reportengine/u_report.pas
   Compiling reportengine/u_visu.pas
   Compiling reportengine/u_visu.pas
[100%] Built target fpgui



Regards,
  - Graeme -
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Re: [fpc-pascal] Seems Delphi is moving to Java-style primitive types

2012-10-17 Thread Paul Ishenin

17.10.12, 17:00, Graeme Geldenhuys пишет:


Well, kind-of... I don't know if C# also supports this (like Java). It
probably does, because for the last few years, Delphi has just been
copying whatever is in C#. [sad]

...

Interesting.


This was already discussed here or fpc-devel list.

Best regards,
Paul Ishenin

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Re: [fpc-pascal] problems compiling FPC

2012-10-17 Thread Graeme Geldenhuys
On 2012-10-17 10:10, Mark Morgan Lloyd wrote:
 
 Some slack would be desirable: stable is 2.6.0 but there are known
 issues which are fixed by 2.6.1.

Nope, the FPC developers made the rules quite clear! Not even the fixes
branch is guaranteed to compile FPC Trunk. ONLY the last released FPC is
guaranteed. I have even stumbled over this too, where the fixes branch
couldn't compile FPC Trunk, but the latest released version could.

The fixes branch is mislabelled. Contrary to the name, not only fixes
get applied to that branch. In recent months, more and more minor new
features got added to the fixes branch too.


 Perhaps we need something like
 FORCE=1 to allow a minor version bump to be accepted, or FORCE=1.1
 to accept anything up to 2.7.1.

This is exactly what I mentioned too, but only for very specific cases
(though I don't know if such cases exist). Allow a --force or something
parameter to allow the developer to use a different starting compiler
(thus ignoring the version check), but ONLY if they know what they are
doing.


 However the thing that's really needed in my opinion is a clear
 statement for each SVN tag which FPC version should be used for

That will be a ridiculous amount of work. The existing rule of always
using the latest released FPC as the starting compiler is good enough.


Regards,
   Graeme.

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Re: [fpc-pascal] fpmake compiles the same unit multiple times

2012-10-17 Thread Jonas Maebe

On 17 Oct 2012, at 12:08, Graeme Geldenhuys wrote:

 I'm using FPC 2.6.0 and have a fpmake.pas program for fpGUI. To be
 honest I don't really use it, but to keep it up to date. Anyway, I
 noticed that if I do a 'fpmake build', that fpmake compiles many of my
 units multiple times. Anywhere from 2-4 times. I double checked my
 fpmake.pas unit, and I haven't added those units multiple times in the
 code, so why is fpmake building them more than once?

fpmake does not know about unit dependencies, so it compiles all units once. 
The compiler may however already compile a unit earlier on because it's 
required by another unit. At least the trunk version of fpmake supports 
automatically generating a build unit that simply adds all the to be compiled 
units to the uses clause. It then compiles only this build unit, so that every 
unit will be compiled only once.


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Re: [fpc-pascal] problems compiling FPC

2012-10-17 Thread Graeme Geldenhuys
On 2012-10-17 10:15, Jonas Maebe wrote:
 
 See http://www.mail-archive.com//msg25868.html and the rest of
 the thread.

[embarrassed] Clearly my age is starting to show. :-) How do you find
this old messages in any case.


Your concern about cross-compiling could be an exception - FPC version
restriction is not applied in such cases. Cross-compiling in by far the
less used option. Most people that complain about this issue is simply
trying to compile a new FPC version for their current target.

The --force or --ignore-fpc-version option could still help those corner
cases, like new platforms where a previous released version did not
exist. The developers working on such features should know what they are
doing anyway, so fits in with my earlier statement too.

Regards,
  - Graeme -
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Re: [fpc-pascal] fpmake compiles the same unit multiple times

2012-10-17 Thread Graeme Geldenhuys
On 2012-10-17 11:17, Jonas Maebe wrote:
 
 fpmake does not know about unit dependencies,

Ah OK. Thanks for the explanation.  So if I ordered my units better in
the fpmake program, then that might reduce the multiple compiling too.


   Graeme.


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Re: [fpc-pascal] Seems Delphi is moving to Java-style primitive types

2012-10-17 Thread Graeme Geldenhuys
On 2012-10-17 11:15, Paul Ishenin wrote:
 
 This was already discussed here or fpc-devel list.


The video was about Delphi XE3, which just got release... was this
Delphi functionality already existing in earlier Delphi versions too?

[sorry, I don't keep up with every Delphi feature any more]


   Graeme.


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Re: [fpc-pascal] Seems Delphi is moving to Java-style primitive types

2012-10-17 Thread Sven Barth
Am 17.10.2012 12:31 schrieb Graeme Geldenhuys gra...@geldenhuys.co.uk:

 On 2012-10-17 11:15, Paul Ishenin wrote:
 
  This was already discussed here or fpc-devel list.


 The video was about Delphi XE3, which just got release... was this
 Delphi functionality already existing in earlier Delphi versions too?

Yes, it's a Delphi XE3 feature, but XE3 isn't that new anymore either. In
fact I already have a proof of concept implementation working for FPC
(constants are not yet supported though)

Regards,
Sven
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Re: [fpc-pascal] problems compiling FPC

2012-10-17 Thread Mark Morgan Lloyd

Graeme Geldenhuys wrote:

On 2012-10-17 10:10, Mark Morgan Lloyd wrote:

Some slack would be desirable: stable is 2.6.0 but there are known
issues which are fixed by 2.6.1.


Nope, the FPC developers made the rules quite clear! Not even the fixes
branch is guaranteed to compile FPC Trunk. ONLY the last released FPC is
guaranteed. I have even stumbled over this too, where the fixes branch
couldn't compile FPC Trunk, but the latest released version could.


Graeme, I know what policy is. However I'd point out that right now you 
/need/ 2.6.1 to compile FPC for SPARC due to code generation issues, and 
there have previously been similar problems with ARM while FP stuff was 
work-in-progress.


So saying if it won't compile with stable then sod off isn't helpful.

--
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markMLl .AT. telemetry.co .DOT. uk

[Opinions above are the author's, not those of his employers or colleagues]
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[fpc-pascal] Re: problems compiling FPC

2012-10-17 Thread Reinier Olislagers
On 17-10-2012 12:49, Mark Morgan Lloyd wrote:
 Graeme Geldenhuys wrote:
 On 2012-10-17 10:10, Mark Morgan Lloyd wrote:
 Some slack would be desirable: stable is 2.6.0 but there are known
 issues which are fixed by 2.6.1.

 Nope, the FPC developers made the rules quite clear! Not even the fixes
 branch is guaranteed to compile FPC Trunk. ONLY the last released FPC is
 guaranteed. I have even stumbled over this too, where the fixes branch
 couldn't compile FPC Trunk, but the latest released version could.
 
 Graeme, I know what policy is. However I'd point out that right now you
 /need/ 2.6.1 to compile FPC for SPARC due to code generation issues, and
 there have previously been similar problems with ARM while FP stuff was
 work-in-progress.
 
 So saying if it won't compile with stable then sod off isn't helpful.

Mark, I understand what you mean.

Regardless of the way Graeme put his point, I think having:
- a rough check on latest stable compiler
- a way to force the makefile to override the check for people who need
this such as SPARC users)
will lessen the amount of problems significantly


Thanks,
Reinier

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Re: [fpc-pascal] Re: problems compiling FPC

2012-10-17 Thread Mark Morgan Lloyd

Reinier Olislagers wrote:

On 17-10-2012 12:49, Mark Morgan Lloyd wrote:

Graeme Geldenhuys wrote:

On 2012-10-17 10:10, Mark Morgan Lloyd wrote:

Some slack would be desirable: stable is 2.6.0 but there are known
issues which are fixed by 2.6.1.

Nope, the FPC developers made the rules quite clear! Not even the fixes
branch is guaranteed to compile FPC Trunk. ONLY the last released FPC is
guaranteed. I have even stumbled over this too, where the fixes branch
couldn't compile FPC Trunk, but the latest released version could.

Graeme, I know what policy is. However I'd point out that right now you
/need/ 2.6.1 to compile FPC for SPARC due to code generation issues, and
there have previously been similar problems with ARM while FP stuff was
work-in-progress.

So saying if it won't compile with stable then sod off isn't helpful.


Mark, I understand what you mean.

Regardless of the way Graeme put his point, I think having:
- a rough check on latest stable compiler
- a way to force the makefile to override the check for people who need
this such as SPARC users)
will lessen the amount of problems significantly


I agree, I was only arguing with the dogmaticism of Graeme's assertion.

--
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markMLl .AT. telemetry.co .DOT. uk

[Opinions above are the author's, not those of his employers or colleagues]
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Re: [fpc-pascal] Re: problems compiling FPC

2012-10-17 Thread Graeme Geldenhuys
On 2012-10-17 12:43, Marco van de Voort wrote:
 
 It is kept simple on purpose. Only works on toplevel makefile (easy to
 maintain), only on the toplevel all target, the required version is also
 kept there (toplevel Makefile.fpc as only place).


Nice, works perfectly here under 64-bit Linux. Tested compiling latest
Trunk with FPC 2.6.0 and FPC 2.6.1.  I haven't tested cross-compiling,
but the OVERRIDEVERSIONCHECK option did work when I used FPC 2.6.1

Hopefully that will be the end of this popular problem.

  Graeme.

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Re: [fpc-pascal] problems compiling FPC

2012-10-17 Thread Graeme Geldenhuys
On 2012-10-17 11:49, Mark Morgan Lloyd wrote:
 
 So saying if it won't compile with stable then sod off isn't helpful.

That's definitely not how I meant for it to sound [the joys of email
conversations]. Reinier summed up my thoughts. Default behaviour is to
only allow last released FPC version, but there must be an option to
force an override or disable the version check (for special cases like
you mentioned, or for cross-compiling purposes).



   Graeme.

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Re: [fpc-pascal] Re: problems compiling FPC

2012-10-17 Thread Marco van de Voort
In our previous episode, Reinier Olislagers said:
  work-in-progress.
  
  So saying if it won't compile with stable then sod off isn't helpful.
 
 Mark, I understand what you mean.
 
 Regardless of the way Graeme put his point, I think having:
 - a rough check on latest stable compiler
 - a way to force the makefile to override the check for people who need
 this such as SPARC users)
 will lessen the amount of problems significantly

http://www.stack.nl/~marcov/toplevelMakefile.fpc.patch

Don't forget to regenerate makefile after applying

It is kept simple on purpose. Only works on toplevel makefile (easy to
maintain), only on the toplevel all target, the required version is also
kept there (toplevel Makefile.fpc as only place).

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Re: [fpc-pascal] Re: problems compiling FPC

2012-10-17 Thread Jonas Maebe


On 17 Oct 2012, at 14:54, Jonas Maebe wrote:

I think it's annoying that you then have to type  
OVERRIDEVERSIONCHECK=1 whenever you build a cross-compiler. Even  
more: it will suggest that building a cross-compiler should also be  
done starting with the latest release, while in fact it they should  
be built using a native compiler built from the same svn version.  
Therefore I don't think think that we can check anything in case of  
cross-building.


Also, maybe the printed message should be more explicit about the fact  
that using the latest release is the only supported way to bootstrap  
the compiler, and that OVERRIDEVERSIONCHECK=1 must only be used if you  
know for a fact that the starting compiler was built from the same  
sources that you are currently compiler.



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Re: [fpc-pascal] Re: problems compiling FPC

2012-10-17 Thread Graeme Geldenhuys
On 2012-10-17 13:54, Jonas Maebe wrote:
 ...whenever you build a cross-compiler. Even more: it will suggest that
 building a cross-compiler should also be done starting with the latest...


Simply update the error message to say that the version check rules
might not apply to newly implemented platforms, or for cross-compiling.


  Graeme.


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Re: [fpc-pascal] Re: problems compiling FPC

2012-10-17 Thread Marco van de Voort
In our previous episode, Jonas Maebe said:
  It is kept simple on purpose. Only works on toplevel makefile (easy to
  maintain), only on the toplevel all target, the required version  
  is also
  kept there (toplevel Makefile.fpc as only place).
 
 I think it's annoying that you then have to type  
 OVERRIDEVERSIONCHECK=1 whenever you build a cross-compiler. 

Yes. I already experimented by ifndef CROSSCOMPILE, but that
is also when not cross-architecture.

 Even more: it will suggest that building a cross-compiler should also be
 done starting with the latest release, while in fact it they should be
 built using a native compiler built from the same svn version.  Therefore
 I don't think think that we can check anything in case of cross-building.

Ok. Then it is actually easier, and it is just a matter of disabling it
totally for CROSSCOMPILE=1. I expected more complicated rules there.

Another problem I came up with is that the system compares textually, and
thus immediately after 2.6.2 release will only allow one of those two (2.6.0
or 2.6.2), not both to allow for a graceperiod of a few weeks.


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Re: [fpc-pascal] fpmake compiles the same unit multiple times

2012-10-17 Thread michael . vancanneyt



On Wed, 17 Oct 2012, Graeme Geldenhuys wrote:


On 2012-10-17 11:17, Jonas Maebe wrote:


fpmake does not know about unit dependencies,


Ah OK. Thanks for the explanation.  So if I ordered my units better in
the fpmake program, then that might reduce the multiple compiling too.


If you specify the dependencies right, it should figure out the order by
itself.

Michael.
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Re: [fpc-pascal] fpmake compiles the same unit multiple times

2012-10-17 Thread Graeme Geldenhuys
On 2012-10-17 14:18, michael.vancann...@wisa.be wrote:
 
 If you specify the dependencies right, it should figure out the order by
 itself.

I tried but it seems impossible, especially with uses clause pulling in
other dependencies.

I then tried fpmake from FPC 2.7.1... WOW, that made a huge difference
in compiling speed, and all units were compiled only once.

So it seems that to improve fpmake with FPC 2.6.0 is a lost cause, as
2.7.1 works so much better without any extra effort.

Anyway, it wasn't a major issue to start with, I was just curious as to
why there was so many duplicate compilations.



  Graeme.


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Re: [fpc-pascal] Re: problems compiling FPC

2012-10-17 Thread Marco van de Voort
In our previous episode, Jonas Maebe said:
  OVERRIDEVERSIONCHECK=1 whenever you build a cross-compiler. Even  
  more: it will suggest that building a cross-compiler should also be  
  done starting with the latest release, while in fact it they should  
  be built using a native compiler built from the same svn version.  
  Therefore I don't think think that we can check anything in case of  
  cross-building.
 
 Also, maybe the printed message should be more explicit about the fact  
 that using the latest release is the only supported way to bootstrap  
 the compiler, and that OVERRIDEVERSIONCHECK=1 must only be used if you  
 know for a fact that the starting compiler was built from the same  
 sources that you are currently compiler.

New text:

D:\repo\fpcmake all
makefile:2717: *** The only supported starting compiler version is 2.6.0.
You are trying to build with 2.7.1. If you are absolutely sure that the current
compiler is built from the exact same version/revision, you can try to use
OVERRIDEVERSIONCHECK=1 to override .  Stop.

+ a ifndef crosscompile around the whole version check.

I thought about the 2.6.0-2.6.2 transition, but it is easy to temporarily
wrap another version check around it for a few weeks. More work, but not a
problem. (just needs documentation in rel_eng)


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Re: [fpc-pascal] Re: problems compiling FPC

2012-10-17 Thread Vincent Snijders
2012/10/17 Marco van de Voort mar...@stack.nl:
 D:\repo\fpcmake all
 makefile:2717: *** The only supported starting compiler version is 2.6.0.
 You are trying to build with 2.7.1. If you are absolutely sure that the 
 current
 compiler is built from the exact same version/revision, you can try to use
 OVERRIDEVERSIONCHECK=1 to override .  Stop.

 + a ifndef crosscompile around the whole version check.

 I thought about the 2.6.0-2.6.2 transition, but it is easy to temporarily
 wrap another version check around it for a few weeks. More work, but not a
 problem. (just needs documentation in rel_eng)

Alternatively, it could just be a warning. Then if it fails later, the
complete output will show the reason.

Then OVERRIDEVERSIONCHECK is not necessary anymore.

Vincent
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Re: [fpc-pascal] Re: problems compiling FPC

2012-10-17 Thread Graeme Geldenhuys
On 2012-10-17 15:57, Vincent Snijders wrote:
 
 Alternatively, it could just be a warning. Then if it fails later, the
 complete output will show the reason.


I disagree. To prevent any strange side-effects (undefined behaviour),
the version check should happen as early as possible - before any
compiling commences.


   Graeme.

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Re: [fpc-pascal] Re: problems compiling FPC

2012-10-17 Thread Marco van de Voort
In our previous episode, Vincent Snijders said:
  I thought about the 2.6.0-2.6.2 transition, but it is easy to temporarily
  wrap another version check around it for a few weeks. More work, but not a
  problem. (just needs documentation in rel_eng)
 
 Alternatively, it could just be a warning. Then if it fails later, the
 complete output will show the reason.

True, but I think that will only resolve something in such a low number of
cases that it is makes the whole effort negiable.

IOW that defeats the purpose of the check IMHO.
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[fpc-pascal] Re: Seems Delphi is moving to Java-style primitive types

2012-10-17 Thread leledumbo
C# is a full OO language, so I guess yes it's supported. Anyway, Delphi
doesn't seem to move toward Java, but Embarcadero is missing Anders' touch.
And this is the way they get it for free :p



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Re: [fpc-pascal] Seems Delphi is moving to Java-style primitive types

2012-10-17 Thread Chad Berchek

It actually uses record helpers, but the end result looks very much like
Java primitive types where you have type.ToString, type.Equals,
type.Split etc...


Not with the intent to be contrary, but for the sake of clarity in 
discussion, String in Java is not a primitive type; it is a full-fledged 
class like any other except the compiler has a couple pieces of special 
knowledge about it. That is why it can have methods. The actual 
primitive types such as short, int, long, etc., do not have methods. 
However, this must not be confused with the boxed form of the primitive 
types, which again are full-fledged classes (Integer, Long, etc.) and 
have methods.

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