Re: SOLVED: Simple swap question
On Fri, Dec 19, 2008 at 01:04:26PM -0500, FreeBSD wrote: > Tom Worster a écrit : > >On 12/19/08 10:37 AM, "FreeBSD" wrote: > > > > > >>Because this server is monitored by Nagios and it emails me every hour a > >>warning because the swap is not 100% free (I know it's pretty extreme, > >>but I want to know if the system is swapping). > >> > > > >if a swap space is available and swapping not turned off, it seems > >reasonable to expect the OS to use it as it sees fit. > > > >rather than trying to tinker with the kernel's swapping policy on the fly > >every time you get a warning, perhaps think about either telling nagios not > >to worry about it or don't use swapping. i'd go with the former. but you > >say > >you want to ensure that swap doesn't get used -- so maybe get rid of the > >swap slice? > > > This server is very lightly used, so most of the time if the swap is > getting used it shows that something is going wrong. This simply is not true. It may once have correlated with some problem, but the fact that swap is used does not indicate any problem. It indicates that the system is working properly. > This warning > already proved usefull once, so I don't think I'm going to change it. I > don't want to mess with the kernel actions, but there was no reason to > keep this in swap. I understand that the kernel can't know that, that's > why I wanted to know the way to "reset" the swap. There is always a lot > of free or inactive RAM and, in normal condition, the swap should not be > used. It's been like that for months, so I think it's a good idea to be > notified if the swap is used. Really, before you go making that choice, you should study the ins and outs of how swap is used. You will find that some amount of use, even in a lightly used server, is desirable under almost all circumstances. jerry > > Martin > ___ > freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list > http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org" > ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
Re: SOLVED: Simple swap question
On Fri, Dec 19, 2008 at 10:37:46AM -0500, FreeBSD wrote: > Jerry McAllister a écrit : > >On Thu, Dec 18, 2008 at 12:02:06PM -0500, FreeBSD wrote: > > > > > >>Daniel Bye a écrit : > >> > >>>On Thu, Dec 18, 2008 at 10:28:18AM -0600, Kirk Strauser wrote: > >>> > On Thursday 18 December 2008 09:16:10 FreeBSD wrote: > > >Hi everyone, > > > >I have a FreeBSD 7.0-Release server that started to swap after an error > >in a shell script (process spawning competition ;-) ). I killed the > >shell and the RAM is now OK. The problem is that the swap is still > >used. > >How can I "reset" the swap? > > > You don't. The system will handle it for you, I promise. :-) > > >>>And very well, too. > >>> > >>>You can prompt it to move pages back into RAM if you start using a > >>>swapped- > >>>out process again - say, for example, a quiescent word processor had been > >>>swapped out, you could get it back by raising it and starting to type. > >>> > >>>But as Kirk said, there really is no need. It's one of the kernel's many > >>>jobs, and I'm inclined to leave it get on with it! > >>> > >>>Dan > >>> > >>> > >>Thanks for your answer. I'm asking here because it's been several days > >>and there is still used swap for data that should never be used anymore. > >>If the kernel wants to keep it, why not move it to RAM now that there is > >>some free? > >> > > > >Why bother if it isn't being currently used? > > > >jerry > > > > > Because this server is monitored by Nagios and it emails me every hour a > warning because the swap is not 100% free (I know it's pretty extreme, > but I want to know if the system is swapping). > > I just tried > > swapoff -a ; swapon -a > > and it worked great. > > Thanks everyone for your answer. > > Martin > But, you want it to use swap. The system uses swap to stash stuff it is not currently using - where it can move it back in to use in a much more efficient, fast manner than re-looking it up again on filesystem disk. jerry > > ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
Re: SOLVED: Simple swap question
On Friday 19 December 2008 19:04:26 FreeBSD wrote: > This server is very lightly used, so most of the time if the swap is > getting used it shows that something is going wrong. This warning > already proved usefull once, so I don't think I'm going to change it. Swapping is a symptom of a symptom - or just the machine doing it's job. Better let nagios monitor: - fork rate by observing kern.lastpid sysctl over time - nr. of processes running - top 10 processes sorted by resident memory (res not size in top(1)) Those are the actual symptoms of something going wrong that can cause a system to start swapping heavily. 3MB swap is not 'heavily' and is nothing to worry about.In fact, a high fork rate can DOS a system pretty well, without the machine ever going into swap. -- Mel Problem with today's modular software: they start with the modules and never get to the software part. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
Re: SOLVED: Simple swap question
On Dec 19, 2008, at 12:04 PM, FreeBSD wrote: This server is very lightly used, so most of the time if the swap is getting used it shows that something is going wrong. No it doesn't. Get that wrong idea out of your head. -- Kirk Strauser ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
Re: SOLVED: Simple swap question
On Fri, 19 Dec 2008 13:04:26 -0500 FreeBSD wrote: > This server is very lightly used, so most of the time if the swap is > getting used it shows that something is going wrong. This warning > already proved usefull once, so I don't think I'm going to change it. > I don't want to mess with the kernel actions, but there was no reason > to keep this in swap. It's the other way around, if a page is written-out to swap and then read back into ram, there's no point in ditching the on-disk copy as long as it's still valid. If the kernel runs short of memory again, it can reuse such pages instantaneously. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
Re: SOLVED: Simple swap question
Tom Worster a écrit : On 12/19/08 10:37 AM, "FreeBSD" wrote: Because this server is monitored by Nagios and it emails me every hour a warning because the swap is not 100% free (I know it's pretty extreme, but I want to know if the system is swapping). if a swap space is available and swapping not turned off, it seems reasonable to expect the OS to use it as it sees fit. rather than trying to tinker with the kernel's swapping policy on the fly every time you get a warning, perhaps think about either telling nagios not to worry about it or don't use swapping. i'd go with the former. but you say you want to ensure that swap doesn't get used -- so maybe get rid of the swap slice? This server is very lightly used, so most of the time if the swap is getting used it shows that something is going wrong. This warning already proved usefull once, so I don't think I'm going to change it. I don't want to mess with the kernel actions, but there was no reason to keep this in swap. I understand that the kernel can't know that, that's why I wanted to know the way to "reset" the swap. There is always a lot of free or inactive RAM and, in normal condition, the swap should not be used. It's been like that for months, so I think it's a good idea to be notified if the swap is used. Martin ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
Re: SOLVED: Simple swap question
On 12/19/08 10:37 AM, "FreeBSD" wrote: > Because this server is monitored by Nagios and it emails me every hour a > warning because the swap is not 100% free (I know it's pretty extreme, > but I want to know if the system is swapping). if a swap space is available and swapping not turned off, it seems reasonable to expect the OS to use it as it sees fit. rather than trying to tinker with the kernel's swapping policy on the fly every time you get a warning, perhaps think about either telling nagios not to worry about it or don't use swapping. i'd go with the former. but you say you want to ensure that swap doesn't get used -- so maybe get rid of the swap slice? ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
Re: SOLVED: Simple swap question
but it's still played around with 3MB of swap. This is not hurting anything, and absolutely is *not* an indication that anything is wrong or sub-optimal. Seriously, get over your obsession with keeping swap utterly empty before it drives you nuts. FreeBSD isn't designed to work that way and you'll be fighting it for no good reason whatsoever. -- or simply turn off swap and set up per-user limits. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
Re: SOLVED: Simple swap question
jerry Because this server is monitored by Nagios and it emails me every hour a warning because the swap is not 100% free (I know it's pretty extreme, but I want to know if the system is swapping). I just tried swapoff -a ; swapon -a and it worked great. under completely normal operation when programs fit in real memory swapping CAN occur because of file caching. while programs have priority over file cache in memory, long-unused parts of system can be swapped out. i don't know what's nagios, but configure it to warn you not because there are swap used, but if there is more than a little swapping activity. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
Re: SOLVED: Simple swap question
On Dec 19, 2008, at 9:37 AM, FreeBSD wrote: Because this server is monitored by Nagios and it emails me every hour a warning because the swap is not 100% free (I know it's pretty extreme, but I want to know if the system is swapping). Martin, I'm not trying to be harsh, honestly, but stop doing things like that until you understand them. FreeBSD will *copy* (not *move*, but *copy*) stuff to swap as it sees fit. I have 6GB of RAM in my home server, and at this moment "top" says this: Mem: 1060M Active, 1712M Inact, 549M Wired, 5352K Cache, 214M Buf, 2600M Free Swap: 16G Total, 3068K Used, 16G Free I know for a fact that I've never used 100% of the RAM since the last reboot, but it's still played around with 3MB of swap. This is not hurting anything, and absolutely is *not* an indication that anything is wrong or sub-optimal. Seriously, get over your obsession with keeping swap utterly empty before it drives you nuts. FreeBSD isn't designed to work that way and you'll be fighting it for no good reason whatsoever. -- Kirk Strauser ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
SOLVED: Simple swap question
Jerry McAllister a écrit : On Thu, Dec 18, 2008 at 12:02:06PM -0500, FreeBSD wrote: Daniel Bye a écrit : On Thu, Dec 18, 2008 at 10:28:18AM -0600, Kirk Strauser wrote: On Thursday 18 December 2008 09:16:10 FreeBSD wrote: Hi everyone, I have a FreeBSD 7.0-Release server that started to swap after an error in a shell script (process spawning competition ;-) ). I killed the shell and the RAM is now OK. The problem is that the swap is still used. How can I "reset" the swap? You don't. The system will handle it for you, I promise. :-) And very well, too. You can prompt it to move pages back into RAM if you start using a swapped- out process again - say, for example, a quiescent word processor had been swapped out, you could get it back by raising it and starting to type. But as Kirk said, there really is no need. It's one of the kernel's many jobs, and I'm inclined to leave it get on with it! Dan Thanks for your answer. I'm asking here because it's been several days and there is still used swap for data that should never be used anymore. If the kernel wants to keep it, why not move it to RAM now that there is some free? Why bother if it isn't being currently used? jerry Because this server is monitored by Nagios and it emails me every hour a warning because the swap is not 100% free (I know it's pretty extreme, but I want to know if the system is swapping). I just tried swapoff -a ; swapon -a and it worked great. Thanks everyone for your answer. Martin ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
Re: Simple swap question
RW a écrit : On Thu, 18 Dec 2008 15:13:12 -0500 FreeBSD wrote: I can't see any process within parentheses in top... I also looked at the -f option of ps but the process that caused the swapping are not listed. FreeBSD only swaps in extreme cases - most of the time it's paging instead. If it really worries you: swapoff -a ; swapon -a Thanks a lot, it worked great! Martin ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
Re: Simple swap question
To others: There is one reason I can think of for doing this, if an irregularly used program (that is rather big) has been swapped out but requires a low latency when used (i.e. must not wait to be swapped back so change this program if it requires low latency to do mlockall ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
Re: Simple swap question
On Thursday 18 December 2008 17:16:10 FreeBSD wrote: > Hi everyone, > > I have a FreeBSD 7.0-Release server that started to swap after an error > in a shell script (process spawning competition ;-) ). I killed the > shell and the RAM is now OK. The problem is that the swap is still used. > How can I "reset" the swap? > > Thanks for sharing your knowledge, > > Martin Easy: # swapoff -a ; swapon -a It just removes all swap devices (with the content mapped back into memory) and then turns the swap devices back on. Just make sure you have enough RAM to run your system while it does this (since only the RAM will be available for the system [NO SWAP])!!! WARNING: This could kill your system and does eat babies!!! To others: There is one reason I can think of for doing this, if an irregularly used program (that is rather big) has been swapped out but requires a low latency when used (i.e. must not wait to be swapped back in...) then it would be desired to get the program swapped back into RAM as soon as possible after RAM has been freed. Regards, David signature.asc Description: This is a digitally signed message part.
Re: Simple swap question
On Thu, Dec 18, 2008 at 12:02:06PM -0500, FreeBSD wrote: > Daniel Bye a écrit : > >On Thu, Dec 18, 2008 at 10:28:18AM -0600, Kirk Strauser wrote: > >>On Thursday 18 December 2008 09:16:10 FreeBSD wrote: > >>>Hi everyone, > >>> > >>>I have a FreeBSD 7.0-Release server that started to swap after an error > >>>in a shell script (process spawning competition ;-) ). I killed the > >>>shell and the RAM is now OK. The problem is that the swap is still used. > >>>How can I "reset" the swap? > >>You don't. The system will handle it for you, I promise. :-) > > > >And very well, too. > > > >You can prompt it to move pages back into RAM if you start using a swapped- > >out process again - say, for example, a quiescent word processor had been > >swapped out, you could get it back by raising it and starting to type. > > > >But as Kirk said, there really is no need. It's one of the kernel's many > >jobs, and I'm inclined to leave it get on with it! > > > >Dan > > > > Thanks for your answer. I'm asking here because it's been several days > and there is still used swap for data that should never be used anymore. > If the kernel wants to keep it, why not move it to RAM now that there is > some free? Why bother if it isn't being currently used? jerry > > Martin > ___ > freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list > http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions > To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org" > ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
Re: Simple swap question
On Thu, 18 Dec 2008 15:13:12 -0500 FreeBSD wrote: > I can't see any process within parentheses in top... I also looked at > the -f option of ps but the process that caused the swapping are not > listed. > FreeBSD only swaps in extreme cases - most of the time it's paging instead. If it really worries you: swapoff -a ; swapon -a ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
Re: Simple swap question
On Thursday 18 December 2008 14:13:12 FreeBSD wrote: > I can't see any process within parentheses in top... I also looked at > the -f option of ps but the process that caused the swapping are not > listed. Dude. For real. Quit sweating it. Let the system do what it needs to do; chances are it's already done what you want. -- Kirk Strauser ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
Re: Simple swap question
Daniel Bye a écrit : On Thu, Dec 18, 2008 at 12:02:06PM -0500, FreeBSD wrote: Daniel Bye a ?crit : On Thu, Dec 18, 2008 at 10:28:18AM -0600, Kirk Strauser wrote: On Thursday 18 December 2008 09:16:10 FreeBSD wrote: Hi everyone, I have a FreeBSD 7.0-Release server that started to swap after an error in a shell script (process spawning competition ;-) ). I killed the shell and the RAM is now OK. The problem is that the swap is still used. How can I "reset" the swap? You don't. The system will handle it for you, I promise. :-) And very well, too. You can prompt it to move pages back into RAM if you start using a swapped- out process again - say, for example, a quiescent word processor had been swapped out, you could get it back by raising it and starting to type. But as Kirk said, there really is no need. It's one of the kernel's many jobs, and I'm inclined to leave it get on with it! Dan Thanks for your answer. I'm asking here because it's been several days and there is still used swap for data that should never be used anymore. If the kernel wants to keep it, why not move it to RAM now that there is some free? Because it has swapped out an entire process, which hasn't subsequently been woken up again. It's you that says the data are never going to be needed again - the kernel doesn't know that, so keeps the pages there in swap until you either reawaken the process, or kill it, at which point the swap space they occupied will be freed up. You can see which processes are swapped out in top - the process name is in parentheses. If it is irking you sufficiently, you can kill the processes and reclaim your swap ;-) Dan I can't see any process within parentheses in top... I also looked at the -f option of ps but the process that caused the swapping are not listed. Thanks for helping me clarify this. Martin ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
Re: Simple swap question
On Thursday 18 December 2008 11:02:06 FreeBSD wrote: > Thanks for your answer. I'm asking here because it's been several days > and there is still used swap for data that should never be used anymore. > If the kernel wants to keep it, why not move it to RAM now that there is > some free? Do you *know* that it hadn't copied it back to RAM, leaving a copy in swap in case it needs that RAM suddenly? Really, the OS is better at this than we are. -- Kirk Strauser ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
Re: Simple swap question
On Thu, Dec 18, 2008 at 12:02:06PM -0500, FreeBSD wrote: > Daniel Bye a ?crit : > >On Thu, Dec 18, 2008 at 10:28:18AM -0600, Kirk Strauser wrote: > >>On Thursday 18 December 2008 09:16:10 FreeBSD wrote: > >>>Hi everyone, > >>> > >>>I have a FreeBSD 7.0-Release server that started to swap after an error > >>>in a shell script (process spawning competition ;-) ). I killed the > >>>shell and the RAM is now OK. The problem is that the swap is still used. > >>>How can I "reset" the swap? > >>You don't. The system will handle it for you, I promise. :-) > > > >And very well, too. > > > >You can prompt it to move pages back into RAM if you start using a swapped- > >out process again - say, for example, a quiescent word processor had been > >swapped out, you could get it back by raising it and starting to type. > > > >But as Kirk said, there really is no need. It's one of the kernel's many > >jobs, and I'm inclined to leave it get on with it! > > > >Dan > > > > Thanks for your answer. I'm asking here because it's been several days > and there is still used swap for data that should never be used anymore. > If the kernel wants to keep it, why not move it to RAM now that there is > some free? Because it has swapped out an entire process, which hasn't subsequently been woken up again. It's you that says the data are never going to be needed again - the kernel doesn't know that, so keeps the pages there in swap until you either reawaken the process, or kill it, at which point the swap space they occupied will be freed up. You can see which processes are swapped out in top - the process name is in parentheses. If it is irking you sufficiently, you can kill the processes and reclaim your swap ;-) Dan -- Daniel Bye _ ASCII ribbon campaign ( ) - against HTML, vCards and X - proprietary attachments in e-mail / \ pgpxjvbhYUZzD.pgp Description: PGP signature
Re: Simple swap question
Daniel Bye a écrit : On Thu, Dec 18, 2008 at 10:28:18AM -0600, Kirk Strauser wrote: On Thursday 18 December 2008 09:16:10 FreeBSD wrote: Hi everyone, I have a FreeBSD 7.0-Release server that started to swap after an error in a shell script (process spawning competition ;-) ). I killed the shell and the RAM is now OK. The problem is that the swap is still used. How can I "reset" the swap? You don't. The system will handle it for you, I promise. :-) And very well, too. You can prompt it to move pages back into RAM if you start using a swapped- out process again - say, for example, a quiescent word processor had been swapped out, you could get it back by raising it and starting to type. But as Kirk said, there really is no need. It's one of the kernel's many jobs, and I'm inclined to leave it get on with it! Dan Thanks for your answer. I'm asking here because it's been several days and there is still used swap for data that should never be used anymore. If the kernel wants to keep it, why not move it to RAM now that there is some free? Martin ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
Re: Simple swap question
I have a FreeBSD 7.0-Release server that started to swap after an error in a shell script (process spawning competition ;-) ). I killed the shell and the RAM is now OK. The problem is that the swap is still used. How can I "reset" the swap? you don't need. something got swapped out, and will be swapped into memory when needed. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
Re: Simple swap question
On Thu, Dec 18, 2008 at 10:28:18AM -0600, Kirk Strauser wrote: > On Thursday 18 December 2008 09:16:10 FreeBSD wrote: > > Hi everyone, > > > > I have a FreeBSD 7.0-Release server that started to swap after an error > > in a shell script (process spawning competition ;-) ). I killed the > > shell and the RAM is now OK. The problem is that the swap is still used. > > How can I "reset" the swap? > > You don't. The system will handle it for you, I promise. :-) And very well, too. You can prompt it to move pages back into RAM if you start using a swapped- out process again - say, for example, a quiescent word processor had been swapped out, you could get it back by raising it and starting to type. But as Kirk said, there really is no need. It's one of the kernel's many jobs, and I'm inclined to leave it get on with it! Dan -- Daniel Bye _ ASCII ribbon campaign ( ) - against HTML, vCards and X - proprietary attachments in e-mail / \ pgptlItQtAV8U.pgp Description: PGP signature
Re: Simple swap question
On Thursday 18 December 2008 09:16:10 FreeBSD wrote: > Hi everyone, > > I have a FreeBSD 7.0-Release server that started to swap after an error > in a shell script (process spawning competition ;-) ). I killed the > shell and the RAM is now OK. The problem is that the swap is still used. > How can I "reset" the swap? You don't. The system will handle it for you, I promise. :-) -- Kirk Strauser ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
Simple swap question
Hi everyone, I have a FreeBSD 7.0-Release server that started to swap after an error in a shell script (process spawning competition ;-) ). I killed the shell and the RAM is now OK. The problem is that the swap is still used. How can I "reset" the swap? Thanks for sharing your knowledge, Martin ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org"
