Re: [sage-devel] Re: RFC: a good name the category of algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital

2013-07-11 Thread Nicolas M. Thiery
Dear category fans,

Thanks everybody for your feedback in this discussion! Let me try to
make a synthesis.

(1) In the long run, Algebras(R) should match with Wikipedia's
definition and not assume any axiom: an algebra A is an R-module
with a binary multiplication which is bilinear.

Note that this might not be the end of the discussion: at some
point we will want to support R to be just a semiring and in this
case `A` we would not necessarily need to require A to have
additive inverses. But one problem at a time.

(2) Point (1) is a backward incompatible change, which will take some
work. There is already enough on our plate with #10963, so this
change is postponed for later. For now we need a temporary name.
The two current suggestions are:

- NonAssociativeNonUnitalAlgebras
- MagmaticAlgebras

The former is actually technically correct in English (though not
so nice). In any cases, there seems to be a preference of the
latter (this means more work for me, but so be it).

Note: MagmaAlgebras is not an option as it is confusing. Since we
call group algebra the algebra of a group, a magma algebra
stands naturally for the algebra of a magma.

(3) For the related situation of a multiplicative magma that
distributes over a magma, there are two suggestions currently:

- DistributiveMagmasAndAdditiveMagmas
- MagmaticRing

The first one is ugly but rather explicit. The second one is
consistent with MagmaticAlgebras, though we don't care so much
since MagmaticAlgebras will eventually disappear. By default I'll
stick with the former to save time, but I could bend under popular
pressure.

(4) There are way too many categories in the global name space.
There is for example no reason to have
FiniteDimensionalHopfAlgebrasWithBasis(QQ) there.

Some people further said that there is actually no reason
whatsoever to have any category in the global name space because
categories are only for the programmer. I object to that
part. The following are perfectly natural things a user would want
to do with categories:

sage: A in Fields() # Is A known to be a field?
sage: Hom(F, G, Groups())   # Construct a homset in a given 
category
sage: Groups?   # What is a group?
sage: Groups().example()# Give me an example
sage: S = Semigroups().example(); S??   # Show me the code!
sage: DivisionRings()  Sets().Finite() # Please remind me about 
Wedderburn
Category of finite fields
sage: Fields().all_implementations()# All fields in Sage (Florent 
has some code toward this)
sage: MatrixGroup(..., category = FiniteGroups())  # I promise that the 
result is actually finite

In short, categories are about the mathematics in Sage and we want
our user to use and explore this mathematics.

Of course #10963 will allow to considerably reduce the number of
entry points being actually imported by default since e.g.:

FiniteGroups() can now be Groups().Finite(),
GradedHopfAlgebrasWithBasis() can now be 
HopfAlgebras().Graded().WithBasis()

I could possibly be convinced to further reduce the pollution by
making the categories accessible as categories.Groups() instead of
Groups().

In any cases, this will be for after #10963.

(5) The docstring of many categories could take some love as it is an
important entry point for users. Volunteers are welcome once
#10963 will have been merged.

Cheers,
Nicolas
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[sage-devel] Re: RFC: a good name the category of algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital

2013-07-08 Thread Peter Bruin
Dear all,

While working on an implementation of finite algebras over fields (#12141) 
I was slightly annoyed by the fact that Algebras are currently assumed to 
be unital.  I agree with Simon King's opinion:

I don't really like magma algebra or magmatic algebra, but that's 
 mainly because 
 I never heard anyone using this notion before. I'd rather describe an 
 algebra as a 
 module over an appropriate operade than call it magma algebra. 

 What I'd prefer is very simple: Just say algebra to an algebra. If any 
 additional 
 axiom holds, then the algebra should be called commutative, associative, 
 unital, 
 noetherian, lie, finite-dimensional, or whatever you like. But don't 
 mention the 
 *absence* of axioms! 


Best regards,

Peter Bruin

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[sage-devel] Re: RFC: a good name the category of algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital

2013-07-05 Thread Dima Pasechnik
On 2013-07-04, Volker Braun vbraun.n...@gmail.com wrote:
 --=_Part_6640_25172370.1372980267137
 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1

 +1 for switching Algebras to CommutativeUnitalAlgebras (or so) and the 
 using Algebras for the most general algebra.
++

all these magma or generic are quite confusing.


 In fact, I don't understand why Algebras has to be in the global namespace. 
 I've never once found it useful to start an interactive session by 
 instantiating a new category. 
+1
(although full-time category theorists might disagree :))

The docstring isn't particularly useful 
 either. Essentially, it is only is a trap for newcomers. Unless somebody 
 has a really good use case I wouldn't mind removing all categories from the 
 global namespace and implicitly making their name an implementation detail 
 subject to change as the category hierarchy matures.


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[sage-devel] Re: RFC: a good name the category of algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital

2013-07-05 Thread Simon King
Hi Dima,

On 2013-07-05, Dima Pasechnik dimp...@gmail.com wrote:
 In fact, I don't understand why Algebras has to be in the global namespace. 
 I've never once found it useful to start an interactive session by 
 instantiating a new category. 
 +1
 (although full-time category theorists might disagree :))

I think I am only part-time categorist.

On the one hand, I too think that there is currently no need to insert
categories into the global namespace. Categories do a lot of useful stuff
in the background, but usually they do not show up in the foreground.

On the other hand, this might actually change with Nicolas' upcoming
functorial constructions patch. If Sage would be able to really do fancy
constructions with categories, then it would certainly make sense to do/test
these constructions in an interactive session.

On the third hand (on the one foot??), if one wants to do arithmetics *on*
categories (rather than just arithmetics *using* categories), then one can
still do something like from sage.categories import * without too much
effort.

On the other foot, removing categories from the global namespace would
probably break a lot of tests. How should this be organised? On the functorial
constructions ticket, which already is big enough? On a later ticket? On
an earlier ticket?

Best regards,
Simon



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Re: [sage-devel] Re: RFC: a good name the category of algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital

2013-07-05 Thread Franco Saliola
On Jul 5, 2013 7:13 AM, Simon King simon.k...@uni-jena.de wrote:

 Hi Dima,

 On 2013-07-05, Dima Pasechnik dimp...@gmail.com wrote:
  In fact, I don't understand why Algebras has to be in the global
namespace.
  I've never once found it useful to start an interactive session by
  instantiating a new category.
  +1
  (although full-time category theorists might disagree :))

 I think I am only part-time categorist.

 On the one hand, I too think that there is currently no need to insert
 categories into the global namespace. Categories do a lot of useful stuff
 in the background, but usually they do not show up in the foreground.

 On the other hand, this might actually change with Nicolas' upcoming
 functorial constructions patch. If Sage would be able to really do fancy
 constructions with categories, then it would certainly make sense to
do/test
 these constructions in an interactive session.

 On the third hand (on the one foot??), if one wants to do arithmetics *on*
 categories (rather than just arithmetics *using* categories), then one can
 still do something like from sage.categories import * without too much
 effort.

I like the idea of being able to do

categories.tab

and seeing a list of the available categories (or some reasonable subset
of).

For the record, I like the term magmatic algebras. It is not
standard/common terminology and would certainly invite the user to look at
the documentation to figure out what it is.

Franco


 On the other foot, removing categories from the global namespace would
 probably break a lot of tests. How should this be organised? On the
functorial
 constructions ticket, which already is big enough? On a later ticket? On
 an earlier ticket?

 Best regards,
 Simon



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[sage-devel] Re: RFC: a good name the category of algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital

2013-07-05 Thread Simon King
Hi Franco,

On 2013-07-05, Franco Saliola sali...@gmail.com wrote:
 I like the idea of being able to do

 categories.tab

 and seeing a list of the available categories (or some reasonable subset
 of).

... which would not require them being inserted into the global
namespace, AFAIK.


 For the record, I like the term magmatic algebras. It is not
 standard/common terminology and would certainly invite the user to look at
 the documentation to figure out what it is.

When do you ever see the category of a parent P? In addition, there currently
is no non-associative algebra in Sage, hence, even if you do
P.category(), you would not see Category of magmatic algebras.

Best regards,
Simon


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Re: [sage-devel] Re: RFC: a good name the category of algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital

2013-07-05 Thread Volker Braun
On Friday, July 5, 2013 7:33:49 AM UTC-4, Franco Saliola wrote:

categories.tab

That would be nice, too. Then you don't get useless (for interactive use) 
categories showing up when you use tab-completion to search for 
non-category stuff but you can still write doctests without having to 
import stuff manually.


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Re: [sage-devel] Re: RFC: a good name the category of algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital

2013-07-05 Thread Franco Saliola
On Jul 5, 2013 7:41 AM, Simon King simon.k...@uni-jena.de wrote:

 Hi Franco,

 On 2013-07-05, Franco Saliola sali...@gmail.com wrote:
  I like the idea of being able to do
 
  categories.tab
 
  and seeing a list of the available categories (or some reasonable subset
  of).

 ... which would not require them being inserted into the global
 namespace, AFAIK.


  For the record, I like the term magmatic algebras. It is not
  standard/common terminology and would certainly invite the user to look
at
  the documentation to figure out what it is.

 When do you ever see the category of a parent P? In addition, there
currently
 is no non-associative algebra in Sage, hence, even if you do
 P.category(), you would not see Category of magmatic algebras.

Let me make my vote more precise: I like magmatic algebra as a temporary
solution; otherwise I concur with Simon that we should redefine the current
category Algebras.

Franco

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[sage-devel] Re: RFC: a good name the category of algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital

2013-07-05 Thread Dima Pasechnik
On 2013-07-05, Franco Saliola sali...@gmail.com wrote:
 --089e0112cf9a05cdd104e0c5e9eb
 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1

 On Jul 5, 2013 7:41 AM, Simon King simon.k...@uni-jena.de wrote:

 Hi Franco,

 On 2013-07-05, Franco Saliola sali...@gmail.com wrote:
  I like the idea of being able to do
 
  categories.tab
 
  and seeing a list of the available categories (or some reasonable subset
  of).

 ... which would not require them being inserted into the global
 namespace, AFAIK.


  For the record, I like the term magmatic algebras. It is not
  standard/common terminology and would certainly invite the user to look
 at
  the documentation to figure out what it is.

 When do you ever see the category of a parent P? In addition, there
 currently
 is no non-associative algebra in Sage, hence, even if you do
 P.category(), you would not see Category of magmatic algebras.

 Let me make my vote more precise: I like magmatic algebra as a temporary
 solution; otherwise I concur with Simon that we should redefine the current
 category Algebras.
IMHO there should also be some consistency here, e.g. then one should
have magmatic rings...

Dima

 Franco

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Re: [sage-devel] Re: RFC: a good name the category of algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital

2013-07-04 Thread Thierry
Hi,

On Wed, Jul 03, 2013 at 08:43:06PM +, Simon King wrote:
 What I'd prefer is very simple: Just say algebra to an algebra. If
 any additional axiom holds, then the algebra should be called
 commutative, associative, unital, noetherian, lie, finite-dimensional,
 or whatever you like. But don't mention the *absence* of axioms!

+1 for this proposal. I think this is not the role of Sage to change
existing mathematical notations/definitions.

In Lang, Algebra (3rd ed., page 121), it is stated that the restriction
to associative and unital algebras is made for the book only.

It is a pity that the name is already used for a more restrictive
notion, but i think that this backward incompatible change is better
that the other currently proposed solutions. Perhaps could we list and
fix all similar misnamings or annoyances during a change of major
version (e.g. Sage 6.0) and announce this clearly, so that we will
suffer only once ?

Ciao,
Thierry

 The only problem is that this very simple solution is backward
 incompatible, because unfortunately Algebras() returns the category of
 *associative* *unital* algebras, in Sage. That's bad. And we would not want
 to deprecate the Algebras() command: Not the command itself should be
 deprecated, but its current semantic should be deprecated. So, how could a
 smooth transition be obtained?
 
 Best regards,
 Simon
 
 
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[sage-devel] Re: RFC: a good name the category of algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital

2013-07-04 Thread Volker Braun
+1 for switching Algebras to CommutativeUnitalAlgebras (or so) and the 
using Algebras for the most general algebra.

In fact, I don't understand why Algebras has to be in the global namespace. 
I've never once found it useful to start an interactive session by 
instantiating a new category. The docstring isn't particularly useful 
either. Essentially, it is only is a trap for newcomers. Unless somebody 
has a really good use case I wouldn't mind removing all categories from the 
global namespace and implicitly making their name an implementation detail 
subject to change as the category hierarchy matures.

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[sage-devel] Re: RFC: a good name the category of algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital

2013-07-03 Thread Nicolas M. Thiery
On Wed, Jul 03, 2013 at 03:21:34PM +0200, Nicolas M. Thiery wrote:
 One of the features introduced by the category patch #10963 is a new
 category for algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital.
 This is a call for suggestions and votes for a good name for it.

On a similar note: this ticket also introduces a category for sets
(E,+,*) where (E,+) is an additive magma, (E,*) is a magma, and *
distributes over +. In other words a ring with no axiom whatsoever but
distributivity. In the current patch, this category is dubbed
DistributiveMagmasAndAdditiveMagmas, by lack of creativity ...

Better suggestions welcome!

In the longer run, I'll also need a name for the same category,
without the distributivity axiom.

Cheers,
Nicolas
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[sage-devel] Re: RFC: a good name the category of algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital

2013-07-03 Thread Travis Scrimshaw
Hey Nicolas,
   For the category of non-unital rings, how about Rngs? (I'm half joking.) 
Somewhat more serious, GeneralAlgebras/GeneralRings? I think overall we 
should be consistent between rings and algebras. On the math side of 
things, doesn't a ring in general has to be distributive; if so, then I 
think (distributive) non-* rings should be called *Rings and 
non-distributive things should be MultiplicativeAndAdditiveMagmas (or maybe 
AdditiveAndMultiplicativeMagmas).
   Also do we want/have a category for skew fields (a.k.a. division rings)?

Best,
Travis


On Wednesday, July 3, 2013 3:38:00 PM UTC+2, Nicolas M. Thiery wrote:

 On Wed, Jul 03, 2013 at 03:21:34PM +0200, Nicolas M. Thiery wrote: 
  One of the features introduced by the category patch #10963 is a new 
  category for algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital. 
  This is a call for suggestions and votes for a good name for it. 

 On a similar note: this ticket also introduces a category for sets 
 (E,+,*) where (E,+) is an additive magma, (E,*) is a magma, and * 
 distributes over +. In other words a ring with no axiom whatsoever but 
 distributivity. In the current patch, this category is dubbed 
 DistributiveMagmasAndAdditiveMagmas, by lack of creativity ... 

 Better suggestions welcome! 

 In the longer run, I'll also need a name for the same category, 
 without the distributivity axiom. 

 Cheers, 
 Nicolas 
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 Nicolas M. Thi�ry Isil nth...@users.sf.net javascript: 
 http://Nicolas.Thiery.name/ 


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[sage-devel] Re: RFC: a good name the category of algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital

2013-07-03 Thread Nicolas M. Thiery
On Wed, Jul 03, 2013 at 06:47:12AM -0700, Travis Scrimshaw wrote:
   For the category of non-unital rings, how about Rngs? (I'm half joking.)

Actually that joke, for good or bad, is what's already been
implemented in successively Axiom, MuPAD, and Sage :-) They even had
Rigs. And Rgs.

But here we want to go further and remove all other axioms
(associativity, additive inverse, ...) but distributivity.

Somewhat more serious, GeneralAlgebras/GeneralRings? I think
overall we should be consistent between rings and algebras.

That would be a plus indeed.

On the math side of things, doesn't a ring in general has to be
distributive; if so, then I think (distributive) non-* rings
should be called *Rings and non-distributive things should be
MultiplicativeAndAdditiveMagmas (or maybe
AdditiveAndMultiplicativeMagmas).

Thanks for your input.

Also do we want/have a category for skew fields (a.k.a. division
rings)?

sage: Rings().Division()
Category of division rings
sage: Rings().Division().Commutative()
Category of fields
sage: Rings().Division().Finite()
Category of finite fields

:-)

Cheers,
Nicolas
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Re: [sage-devel] Re: RFC: a good name the category of algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital

2013-07-03 Thread Julien Puydt

Le 03/07/2013 15:38, Nicolas M. Thiery a écrit :

On Wed, Jul 03, 2013 at 03:21:34PM +0200, Nicolas M. Thiery wrote:

One of the features introduced by the category patch #10963 is a new
category for algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital.
This is a call for suggestions and votes for a good name for it.


On a similar note: this ticket also introduces a category for sets
(E,+,*) where (E,+) is an additive magma, (E,*) is a magma, and *
distributes over +. In other words a ring with no axiom whatsoever but
distributivity. In the current patch, this category is dubbed
DistributiveMagmasAndAdditiveMagmas, by lack of creativity ...


DistributiveDoubleMagma?


Better suggestions welcome!

In the longer run, I'll also need a name for the same category,
without the distributivity axiom.


DoubleMagma?

Snark on #sagemath

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Re: [sage-devel] Re: RFC: a good name the category of algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital

2013-07-03 Thread anne1 . schilling


On 7/3/13 6:21 AM, Nicolas M. Thiery wrote:

Dear category fans,

One of the features introduced by the category patch #10963 is a new
category for algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital.
This is a call for suggestions and votes for a good name for it.

- ``Algebras``: that's wikipedia's choice [1]. However using this name
  would be backward incompatible, since ``Algebras'' in Sage currently
  refers to associative unital algebras. At this point in time, I
  don't want to open another can of worm on a ticket that is already
  way too big. But we could think about it in a later ticket.

  Note: many textbooks/papers use algebra as a short hand for
  associative unital (and sometimes commutative) algebras; but they
  usually specify this explicitly at the beginning, and they are each
  in a smaller context than Sage's.

- ``NonAssociativeNonUnitalAlgebras``: that's what's currently
  used in the patch. Of course this terminology is not great because
  an associative algebra would then be a special case of a non
  associative algebra ...

  Note: I remember someone mentioning once that there was a tiny
  difference between ``non-associative'' and ``not associative'' that
  could possibly make this acceptable but I have no informed opinion
  myself.

- ``MagmaticAlgebras``: this was suggested by Florent, referring to
  the terminology used in the operad community; see e.g. 13.8 of
  LodayValette [2]

- Something else?

MagmaticAlgebras or perhaps AlgebrasOverMagmas or Magma-Algebras (in analogy to 
an
R-module) seems to be what you want?
See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma_%28algebra%29

Otherwise, Travis' suggestion of GeneralAlgebras and GeneralRings would also
be good (if it is explained in the documentation why this name was chosen)!

Best,

Anne


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[sage-devel] Re: RFC: a good name the category of algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital

2013-07-03 Thread Simon King
Hi!

On 2013-07-03, anne1.schill...@gmail.com anne1.schill...@gmail.com wrote:
 MagmaticAlgebras or perhaps AlgebrasOverMagmas or Magma-Algebras (in analogy 
 to an
 R-module) seems to be what you want?
 See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma_%28algebra%29

 Otherwise, Travis' suggestion of GeneralAlgebras and GeneralRings would also
 be good (if it is explained in the documentation why this name was chosen)!

I don't really like magma algebra or magmatic algebra, but that's mainly 
because
I never heard anyone using this notion before. I'd rather describe an algebra 
as a
module over an appropriate operade than call it magma algebra.

What I'd prefer is very simple: Just say algebra to an algebra. If any 
additional
axiom holds, then the algebra should be called commutative, associative, unital,
noetherian, lie, finite-dimensional, or whatever you like. But don't mention the
*absence* of axioms!

The only problem is that this very simple solution is backward
incompatible, because unfortunately Algebras() returns the category of
*associative* *unital* algebras, in Sage. That's bad. And we would not want
to deprecate the Algebras() command: Not the command itself should be
deprecated, but its current semantic should be deprecated. So, how could a
smooth transition be obtained?

Best regards,
Simon


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[sage-devel] Re: RFC: a good name the category of algebras that are not necessarily associative nor unital

2013-07-03 Thread anne1 . schilling
Hi Simon,

I don't really like magma algebra or magmatic algebra, but that's 
 mainly because 
 I never heard anyone using this notion before. I'd rather describe an 
 algebra as a 
 module over an appropriate operade than call it magma algebra. 

 What I'd prefer is very simple: Just say algebra to an algebra. If any 
 additional 
 axiom holds, then the algebra should be called commutative, associative, 
 unital, 
 noetherian, lie, finite-dimensional, or whatever you like. But don't 
 mention the 
 *absence* of axioms! 

 The only problem is that this very simple solution is backward 
 incompatible, because unfortunately Algebras() returns the category of 
 *associative* *unital* algebras, in Sage. That's bad. And we would not 
 want 
 to deprecate the Algebras() command: Not the command itself should be 
 deprecated, but its current semantic should be deprecated. So, how could a 
 smooth transition be obtained? 


I understand your point and think just Algebras would also be perfect (if 
it was not
for the backward incompatibilty). How about GeneralAlgebras for now and then
a deprecation/switch in a later patch?

Best,

Anne 

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