[Biofuel] Test batch no. 2

2005-02-15 Thread Lars Andersson

This message was sent earlier (2005-01-05) but seems to have been lost 
somewhere... Now i am (almost) ready to make the first bigger batch and do 
not want to be a not so proud owner of 100 l. of  glop.. Could anyone 
encourage me to move on with this oil (of course with titration and so on) or 
tell me not to with some hints about how to proceed..?

Thank You

Lars A


Lars Andersson
VŠstanskogsgatan 7
590 71 Ljungsbro
013-66574/070-5334054



Good evening everybody and thank You for this amount of information 
communicated here. This is my first post here after at least six months of just 
reading and thinking while building a reactor from 200l drums.

I made a quick page (for some reason with very poor picture quality, please 
excuse that) about the test batch mentioned by GoHoff and it all looked quite 
allright to me but after the water test i could not resist to shake it once 
more the next day and after that it separated again but i got some kind of 
fluff between the water and the BD (no pictures of that).. It lies on top of 
the water and looks bad... Is that something that a normal wash would take care 
of or something that is bad ?? I have bubble washed the rest of the batch in 
another PET bottle turned upside down with the bottom cut of and  a outlet in 
the screw plug.. The fourth water (this is better than siphoning (??) the 
used wash water out but some of the milky water still gets caught in there) is 
very clear.

http://user.tninet.se/~qrg733j/Krympta/Snoddastest_1.html 

Any comments on the rsults of my test batch would be very appreciated.

Lars A


Lars Andersson
VŠstanskogsgatan 7
590 71 Ljungsbro
013-66574/070-5334054
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Re: [Biofuel] Soap aerated concrete

2005-02-15 Thread John Miggins


polystyrene pellets into his concrete mix.  You know the shipping peanuts. 
However he had to cut them down to about the size of MM's



John Miggins
Harvest Solar  Wind Power
renewable solutions to everyday needs
www.harvest-energy.com
Phone/Fax 918-743-2299
Cell: 918-521-6223

- Original Message - 
From: Greg Harbican [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 3:03 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Soap  aerated concrete



I don't know about using soap, but, professionals make it by mixing in
aluminum chips.

The aluminum reacts with the calcium hydroxide, and produces aluminum
hydroxide and H2 gas.

Greg H.

- Original Message - 
From: Doug Foskey [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 12:52
Subject: [Biofuel] Soap  aerated concrete


Hi,
I am searching for information on making aerated concrete. For those
interested, basically foam is added to a mortar mix, and the mortar can be
up
to double the quantity, with reduced strength, but added insulation.
This is achieved with an organic soap (from what I have found), but I was
wondering if anyone had seen info on using home made soap?

http://pelagic.wavyhill.xsmail.com/cellcrete_how.html is a site I found
with
a home made processor


From my search on the web, protein hydrolisation seems to be the

soap/additive
that is used for making the foam. I have not found any more info on how 
this

is made though.

Can anyone help me??

regards Doug

(I am interested in making tilt up concrete panels for a building.)
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[Biofuel] BioD test batches

2005-02-15 Thread Dana Knight

Hi folks,

 

I have done two 1 ltr test batches in a 2 ltr PET bottle using new safeway
brand canola oil.  

 

Test batch 1 

 

1 ltr new safeway brand canola oil in 2 ltr PET bottle

4.9g KOH in 200ml methanol

Heated in water bath to about 140F

Shaken for about 5 mins then every 10-15 mins for the next two hours

Result:  good separation but the BD layer is milky

 

Test batch 2 

 

1 ltr new safeway brand canola oil in 2 ltr PET bottle

9g KOH in 200ml methanol

Heated in water bath to about 140F

Mixed in blender for 20 mins then poured back into pet bottle to settle

Result:  same as batch 1 only faster

 

One of the locals thought it might be water in the oil.  I tested it by
heating up a sample in a sauce pan and did not get any spattering or
popping.

 

Any thoughts as to why I am not getting a clear BD layer?

 

Thank you,

 

Dana

Boulder, CO

 

 


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[Biofuel] Fw: Test batch no. 2

2005-02-15 Thread Lars Andersson

Please excuse my strange postings The original message was posted 
2005-02-05 but was dated 2005-01-05 because i had messed with the settings for 
time and date

Please read all of this unsuccessful message ! The most important parts is 
below

I am still very interested in a comment regarding my test batch.

Thank You, again

Lars A


Lars Andersson
VŠstanskogsgatan 7
590 71 Ljungsbro
013-66574/070-5334054

- Original Message - 
From: Lars Andersson [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Saturday, January 15, 2005 12:16 AM
Subject: Test batch no. 2


This message was sent earlier (2005-01-05) but seems to have been lost 
somewhere... Now i am (almost) ready to make the first bigger batch and do 
not want to be a not so proud owner of 100 l. of  glop.. Could anyone 
encourage me to move on with this oil (of course with titration and so on) or 
tell me not to with some hints about how to proceed..?

Thank You

Lars A


Lars Andersson
VŠstanskogsgatan 7
590 71 Ljungsbro
013-66574/070-5334054



Good evening everybody and thank You for this amount of information 
communicated here. This is my first post here after at least six months of just 
reading and thinking while building a reactor from 200l drums.

I made a quick page (for some reason with very poor picture quality, please 
excuse that) about the test batch mentioned by GoHoff and it all looked quite 
allright to me but after the water test i could not resist to shake it once 
more the next day and after that it separated again but i got some kind of 
fluff between the water and the BD (no pictures of that).. It lies on top of 
the water and looks bad... Is that something that a normal wash would take care 
of or something that is bad ?? I have bubble washed the rest of the batch in 
another PET bottle turned upside down with the bottom cut of and  a outlet in 
the screw plug.. The fourth water (this is better than siphoning (??) the 
used wash water out but some of the milky water still gets caught in there) is 
very clear.

http://user.tninet.se/~qrg733j/Krympta/Snoddastest_1.html 

Any comments on the rsults of my test batch would be very appreciated.

Lars A


Lars Andersson
VŠstanskogsgatan 7
590 71 Ljungsbro
013-66574/070-5334054
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[Biofuel] Re: US Diesel Options

2005-02-15 Thread Chris



'85 was the last year for the 5 cyl all cast iron motor.  I searching for 
one to buy for my personal biodiesel project, I ran across a very nice 
well-maintained one in Allentown, PA.  It is still for sale $3000.  Email 
[EMAIL PROTECTED] for more info.


I just bought one locally and will keep the list updated as I move from test 
batches to the real thing.


And no, they aren't slow.  If it is slow it is not working properly.  As 
much pick-up as a gas Volvo 240.  OK, a little slow.


Chris Kueny


- Original Message - 
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 2:38 PM
Subject: Biofuel Digest, Vol 6, Issue 58



Send Biofuel mailing list submissions to
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To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
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or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
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When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
than Re: Contents of Biofuel digest...


Today's Topics:

  1. Soap ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
  2. Re: Glycerin soap making (JD2005)
  3. Re: Re: New member introduction (John Hayes)
  4. Re: Glycerin soap making (Andrew Cunningham)
  5. RE: What oil to use (Ron Papaleo)
  6. Re: Glycerin soap making (Legal Eagle)
  7. Glycerine soap making (Legal Eagle)
  8. Re: Biorefinary ,Big blues and Globalization (Keith Addison)
  9. US diesel options - was Re: New member introduction
 (Keith Addison)
 10. Re: Creation Care - What Would Jesus Drive (DHAJOGLO)
 11. Re: Creation Care - What Would Jesus Drive (Legal Eagle)
 12. Re: Soap (Keith Addison)
 13. Biofuel Bill in VA (grahams)


--

Message: 1
Date: Mon, 14 Feb 2005 11:29:44 +0200 (EET)
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: [Biofuel] Soap
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Message-ID: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-9

  Dear Sir/Madams,
  Is there any body who can help me making my biodiesel in house.
  Which way iste cheapest way to make biodiesel.
  I have read nearly all the web pages.
  regards,
  Seref

--

Message: 2
Date: Mon, 14 Feb 2005 11:04:21 -0800
From: JD2005 [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Glycerin soap making
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Message-ID: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1


- Original Message -
From: Andrew Cunningham



-Or you could just recover the alcohol before burning.

Andy


By evaporation...Is there an easy, non-expensive way of doing this using
standard eqipment that could be purchased anywhere in the world (i.e. the
UK)?


JD2005




--

Message: 3
Date: Mon, 14 Feb 2005 09:02:27 -0500
From: John Hayes [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Re: New member introduction
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Message-ID: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed

Sir Woody Hackswell wrote:

Any others?  Especially to fit my station wagon/SUV desires?  Opinions
on the reliability of the three brands in diesel?  I don't have the
money for a new, or I might consider the new Jeep Liberty TDI. =sigh=


Just a minor point - the Liberty has a CRD powerplant, not a TDI.
Likewise, the MB E320 is a CDI, not a TDI. Collectively, they're all
diesels, but in North America, the TDI is specific to VW (and Audi if
VWAG ever brings one over).

The Tdi badge has also been used by Land Rover worldwide, but in the US,
these are strictly one off custom conversions as they were never sold in
North America market.

Anyway, back to your original question, you can find used TDIs here:

http://forums.tdiclub.com/postlist.php?Cat=0Board=UBB43

Unfortunately, B5.5 TDI Passats (2004+) start at about $23k and the B4
TDI Passats (19961997 only) are rare as hen's teeth. The B5 Passat
never sold with a TDI in North America and the TDI was introduced very
very late in the B5.5 product cycle.

A4 Chassis (NB, 4th generation Jettas and Golfs) TDIs were available
from '99 on but probably appears too small if your wife is insisting on
an SUV. Realistically, a 4 door Golf will haul *lots* of stuff, but
seems small to the American eye.

Your other choice is an old school MB but since some of them barely
break 30 mpg and are glacially slow, I might just get a newer Ford Focus
gasser that gets 35 mpg.

Good luck!

jh







--

Message: 4
Date: Mon, 14 Feb 2005 08:28:31 -0500
From: Andrew Cunningham [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Glycerin soap making
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Message-ID: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

If you have a sealed container with a vent line, source of hot water
(above 75C) and cold water - yes.  Run the hot water around the sealed
container or put the sealed container in bath of hot water.  This will
boil off the MeOH - add hot water as needed.  The vapors will 

[Biofuel] question's

2005-02-15 Thread dab007

I was wondering if someone could help me find out how I can convert my 1980 
Mercedes 300sd Turbo Diesel to biodiesel ? I have been doing some research but 
have not been able to find out what I need to do to the vehicle itself. I am 
very new to all of this but am very interested in making it work it sounds so 
sensible I can't believe more people aren't aware of this alternative.I live in 
S.F.- Bay Area  so if anyone has information for this area I would appreciate 
it.Thankyou. Dina
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Re: [Biofuel] Biorefinary ,Big blues and Globalization

2005-02-15 Thread Appal Energy



People who have detailed plans for biorefineries in their possession have 
either paid for their copies (which probably means they legally aren't 
allowed to distribute them beyond their own use) or have sweated bullets and 
watched their bank account dwindle developing and having them drawn out.


I don't know where you're going to find anyone who's willing to just hand 
you a set of detailed plans out of the kindness of their heart.


On the other hand, you can find a schematic of what is required to 
manufacture biodiesel in a responsible, cradle-to-grave fashion on the 
internet.at  http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_processor9.html


The rest is up to your level of experience with biodiesel and your 
imagination.


Todd Swearingen

- Original Message - 
From: francisco j burgos [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 2:08 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Biorefinary ,Big blues and Globalization



Dear pals:
could you please indicate me where I can find a set of detailed plans, 
isometric drawings, etc., that allow any one in building up a semi- 
industrial  (165 gallon/ batch) biodiesel production unit?.

Thanks,
Francisco J. burgos

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[Biofuel] Fwd: Honda, Nissan join suit against CA

2005-02-15 Thread Martin K


FWD:
Somehow I missed the news on Feb. 4 that Honda and
Nissan have joined the suit by other automakers
against California's clean-air laws.

You can send a letter to Honda easily from the web
site of the Union of Concerned Scientists:
http://www.ucsaction.org/action/index.asp?step=2item=22412

=
Sherry Boschert
President
San Francisco Electric Vehicle Association
415-681-7731
www.sfeaa.org
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[Biofuel] glycerine soap making

2005-02-15 Thread Jeremy Tracy Longworth

For those who use a lower % of (c.o.) in your recipe, Castor oil can be used to 
increase your bubble action. 

Tracy

 AntiFossil wrote
 I have been making my own soap for about 14 years now.  The only real
 secret that I have found in regards to fantastic foaming action of your
 soaps is the inclusion of coconut oil (c.o.) in your recipe.  I am aware
 that a few of the more popular websites, and even books written on the
 subject, warn against using too high a percentage of c.o. because of its
 drying effects on the skin.  However, I keep the percentage of c.o. in my
 soap between 20% and 40%, and haven't had any problems with excessively
dry
 skin.  Common sense must also come in to play of course.  If you start
with
 dry skin, you would definitely want to stay on lower end of those
 percentages with c.o., and increase the hydrating oils like olive, and
 settle for less foaming soap.

 AntiFossil
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[Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution

2005-02-15 Thread knoton

Our Godless Constitution
by BROOKE ALLEN
[from the February 21, 2005 issue]

http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20050221s=allen

It is hard to believe that George Bush has ever read the works of George
Orwell, but he seems, somehow, to have grasped a few Orwellian precepts.
The lesson the President has learned best--and certainly the one that
has been the most useful to him--is the axiom that if you repeat a lie
often enough, people will believe it. One of his Administration's
current favorites is the whopper about America having been founded on
Christian principles. Our nation was founded not on Christian principles
but on Enlightenment ones. God only entered the picture as a very minor
player, and Jesus Christ was conspicuously absent.

Our Constitution makes no mention whatever of God. The omission was too
obvious to have been anything but deliberate, in spite of Alexander
Hamilton's flippant responses when asked about it: According to one
account, he said that the new nation was not in need of foreign aid;
according to another, he simply said we forgot. But as Hamilton's
biographer Ron Chernow points out, Hamilton never forgot anything
important.

In the eighty-five essays that make up The Federalist, God is mentioned
only twice (both times by Madison, who uses the word, as Gore Vidal has
remarked, in the only Heaven knows sense). In the Declaration of
Independence, He gets two brief nods: a reference to the Laws of Nature
and Nature's God, and the famous line about men being endowed by their
Creator with certain inalienable rights. More blatant official
references to a deity date from long after the founding period: In God
We Trust did not appear on our coinage until the Civil War, and
under God was introduced into the Pledge of Allegiance during the
McCarthy hysteria in 1954 [see Elisabeth Sifton, The Battle Over the
Pledge, April 5, 2004].

In 1797 our government concluded a Treaty of Peace and Friendship
between the United States of America and the Bey and Subjects of
Tripoli, or Barbary, now known simply as the Treaty of Tripoli. Article
11 of the treaty contains these words:

As the Government of the United States...is not in any sense founded on
the Christian religion--as it has in itself no character of enmity
against the laws, religion, or tranquillity of Musselmen--and as the
said States never have
entered into any war or act of hostility against any Mehomitan nation,
it is declared by the parties that no pretext arising from religious
opinions shall ever produce an interruption of the harmony existing
between the two countries.

This document was endorsed by Secretary of State Timothy Pickering and
President John Adams. It was then sent to the Senate for ratification;
the vote was unanimous. It is worth pointing out that although this was
the 339th time a recorded vote had been required by the Senate, it was
only the third unanimous vote in the Senate's history. There is no
record of debate or dissent. The text of the treaty was printed in full
in the Philadelphia Gazette and in two New York papers, but there were
no screams of outrage, as one might expect today.

The Founding Fathers were not religious men, and they fought hard to
erect, in Thomas Jefferson's words, a wall of separation between church
and state. John Adams opined that if they were not restrained by legal
measures, Puritans--the fundamentalists of their day--would whip and
crop, and pillory and roast. The historical epoch had afforded these
men ample opportunity to observe the
corruption to which established priesthoods were liable, as well as the
impious
presumption of legislators and rulers, as Jefferson wrote, civil as
well as
ecclesiastical, who, being themselves but fallible and uninspired men,
have assumed dominion over the faith of others, setting up their own
opinions and modes of thinking as the only true and infallible, and as
such endeavoring to impose them on others, hath established and
maintained false religions over the greatest part of the world and
through all time.

If we define a Christian as a person who believes in the divinity of
Jesus Christ, then it is safe to say that some of the key Founding
Fathers were not Christians at all. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson
and Tom Paine were deists--that is, they believed in one Supreme Being
but rejected revelation and all the supernatural elements of the
Christian Church; the word of the Creator, they believed, could best be
read in Nature. John Adams was a professed liberal Unitarian, but he,
too, in his private correspondence seems more deist than
Christian.

George Washington and James Madison also leaned toward deism, although
neither took much interest in religious matters. Madison believed that
religious bondage shackles and debilitates the mind and unfits it for
every noble
enterprize. He spoke of the almost fifteen centuries during which
Christianity had been on trial: What have been its fruits? More or less
in all places, pride and indolence in 

Re: [Biofuel] Biorefinary ,Big blues and Globalization

2005-02-15 Thread francisco j burgos



Dear Mr. Swearingen:
many, many thanks for your prompt replay and valuable information.
Yes, I agree with you... in my case I am willing to pay the fair price for 
pertinent plans.

By the way, my PC ought to have a problem since can not Full-size image.
Yours truly,
Francisco J. Burgos

- Original Message - 
From: Appal Energy [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 8:06 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Biorefinary ,Big blues and Globalization



Francisco,

People who have detailed plans for biorefineries in their possession have 
either paid for their copies (which probably means they legally aren't 
allowed to distribute them beyond their own use) or have sweated bullets 
and watched their bank account dwindle developing and having them drawn 
out.


I don't know where you're going to find anyone who's willing to just hand 
you a set of detailed plans out of the kindness of their heart.


On the other hand, you can find a schematic of what is required to 
manufacture biodiesel in a responsible, cradle-to-grave fashion on the 
internet.at  http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_processor9.html


The rest is up to your level of experience with biodiesel and your 
imagination.


Todd Swearingen

- Original Message - 
From: francisco j burgos [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 2:08 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Biorefinary ,Big blues and Globalization



Dear pals:
could you please indicate me where I can find a set of detailed plans, 
isometric drawings, etc., that allow any one in building up a semi- 
industrial  (165 gallon/ batch) biodiesel production unit?.

Thanks,
Francisco J. burgos

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[Biofuel] Re: [Burnveggies] Biofuel Station pump is open for biz!

2005-02-15 Thread Ken Provost

on 2/14/05 5:34 PM, Kimber Holmes at [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 Hello all,
 We are pleased to announce that the Biofuel Station's B100 fill-n-go pump is 
 open for business! We are open Mon thru Fri, 9am - 5pm. Please stop by to say
 hello, and get some B100. The price is $3.50 at the pump (includes all state 
 and federal excise taxes).
 
 I've attached a photo of our station.



And a beautiful station it is, indeed!  But that email took an
AWFUL long time to download, for all the Luddites like me in
the group that still have dialup (at home :-)).

Is there someplace ELSE we might put pictures, with just a
pointer in the text?

-K
 

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[Biofuel] Better options

2005-02-15 Thread MALONEKR

Check out these web sites for super strong concrete and better designs.[1] 
www.romanconcrete.com [2]www.earth-house.com [click eh plans and read liberty 
house,especially] [3] www.monolithicdome.com Research building of the new 
buddist temple in hawaii.enormous stones cut in india and shipped to location 
and assembled on slab that has NO rebar in it.concrete expert p.k. kumar [i 
believe spelling is correct] was consultant on project.He is retired professor 
from university of california [berkeley,i believe] and an expert in the use of 
volcanic ash and flyash cement mixtures.   check this out before you get 
hurt or give up in digust.
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Re: [Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution

2005-02-15 Thread Ken Provost

on 2/14/05 6:38 PM, knoton at [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 Our Godless Constitution
 by BROOKE ALLEN
 [from the February 21, 2005 issue]


 
 http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20050221s=allen
 



A breath of fresh air -- thanks! Having been an
unabashed atheist for 90% of my long life, it's
great to know that my hero Tom Jefferson wasn't
even a real Deist (as I've always been taught),
much less an X-tian like our rulers would have you
believe. 'Course Tom has almost been drummed out
of the Founding Father's Klub already, and our
Revolution has been renamed the War of Independ-
ence for decades now..

-K

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Re: [Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution

2005-02-15 Thread Appal Energy




Our Godless Constitution
by BROOKE ALLEN
[from the February 21, 2005 issue]


- Original Message - 
From: knoton [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 9:38 PM
Subject: [Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution



Our Godless Constitution
by BROOKE ALLEN
[from the February 21, 2005 issue]

http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20050221s=allen

It is hard to believe that George Bush has ever read the works of George
Orwell, but he seems, somehow, to have grasped a few Orwellian precepts.
The lesson the President has learned best--and certainly the one that
has been the most useful to him--is the axiom that if you repeat a lie
often enough, people will believe it. One of his Administration's
current favorites is the whopper about America having been founded on
Christian principles. Our nation was founded not on Christian principles
but on Enlightenment ones. God only entered the picture as a very minor
player, and Jesus Christ was conspicuously absent.

Our Constitution makes no mention whatever of God. The omission was too
obvious to have been anything but deliberate, in spite of Alexander
Hamilton's flippant responses when asked about it: According to one
account, he said that the new nation was not in need of foreign aid;
according to another, he simply said we forgot. But as Hamilton's
biographer Ron Chernow points out, Hamilton never forgot anything
important.

In the eighty-five essays that make up The Federalist, God is mentioned
only twice (both times by Madison, who uses the word, as Gore Vidal has
remarked, in the only Heaven knows sense). In the Declaration of
Independence, He gets two brief nods: a reference to the Laws of Nature
and Nature's God, and the famous line about men being endowed by their
Creator with certain inalienable rights. More blatant official
references to a deity date from long after the founding period: In God
We Trust did not appear on our coinage until the Civil War, and
under God was introduced into the Pledge of Allegiance during the
McCarthy hysteria in 1954 [see Elisabeth Sifton, The Battle Over the
Pledge, April 5, 2004].

In 1797 our government concluded a Treaty of Peace and Friendship
between the United States of America and the Bey and Subjects of
Tripoli, or Barbary, now known simply as the Treaty of Tripoli. Article
11 of the treaty contains these words:

As the Government of the United States...is not in any sense founded on
the Christian religion--as it has in itself no character of enmity
against the laws, religion, or tranquillity of Musselmen--and as the
said States never have
entered into any war or act of hostility against any Mehomitan nation,
it is declared by the parties that no pretext arising from religious
opinions shall ever produce an interruption of the harmony existing
between the two countries.

This document was endorsed by Secretary of State Timothy Pickering and
President John Adams. It was then sent to the Senate for ratification;
the vote was unanimous. It is worth pointing out that although this was
the 339th time a recorded vote had been required by the Senate, it was
only the third unanimous vote in the Senate's history. There is no
record of debate or dissent. The text of the treaty was printed in full
in the Philadelphia Gazette and in two New York papers, but there were
no screams of outrage, as one might expect today.

The Founding Fathers were not religious men, and they fought hard to
erect, in Thomas Jefferson's words, a wall of separation between church
and state. John Adams opined that if they were not restrained by legal
measures, Puritans--the fundamentalists of their day--would whip and
crop, and pillory and roast. The historical epoch had afforded these
men ample opportunity to observe the
corruption to which established priesthoods were liable, as well as the
impious
presumption of legislators and rulers, as Jefferson wrote, civil as
well as
ecclesiastical, who, being themselves but fallible and uninspired men,
have assumed dominion over the faith of others, setting up their own
opinions and modes of thinking as the only true and infallible, and as
such endeavoring to impose them on others, hath established and
maintained false religions over the greatest part of the world and
through all time.

If we define a Christian as a person who believes in the divinity of
Jesus Christ, then it is safe to say that some of the key Founding
Fathers were not Christians at all. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson
and Tom Paine were deists--that is, they believed in one Supreme Being
but rejected revelation and all the supernatural elements of the
Christian Church; the word of the Creator, they believed, could best be
read in Nature. John Adams was a professed liberal Unitarian, but he,
too, in his private correspondence seems more deist than
Christian.

George Washington and James Madison also leaned toward deism, although
neither took much interest in religious matters. Madison believed that

Re: [Biofuel] BioD test batches

2005-02-15 Thread Appal Energy



Who says you're not? Perhaps you're not waiting long enough?

The stuff that's making your biodiesel hazy is just micro-amounts of what 
quickly settled out in the glyc cocktail layer.


Neither hazyiness or clarity are indicators of anything more than that.

Also, no need to run at the high temperature you're reacting at. One hundred 
and forty degrees Fahrenheit is getting close to the temp that methanol 
boils. On top of that, agitating the contents at increasingly higher temps 
in one of those bottles is going to generate a healthy amount of pressure. 
Chances are that nothing will happen. But then again, every once in a while 
someone wins the Lotto.


Todd Swearingen

- Original Message - 
From: Dana Knight [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 5:18 PM
Subject: [Biofuel] BioD test batches



Hi folks,



I have done two 1 ltr test batches in a 2 ltr PET bottle using new safeway
brand canola oil.



Test batch 1



1 ltr new safeway brand canola oil in 2 ltr PET bottle

4.9g KOH in 200ml methanol

Heated in water bath to about 140F

Shaken for about 5 mins then every 10-15 mins for the next two hours

Result:  good separation but the BD layer is milky



Test batch 2



1 ltr new safeway brand canola oil in 2 ltr PET bottle

9g KOH in 200ml methanol

Heated in water bath to about 140F

Mixed in blender for 20 mins then poured back into pet bottle to settle

Result:  same as batch 1 only faster



One of the locals thought it might be water in the oil.  I tested it by
heating up a sample in a sauce pan and did not get any spattering or
popping.



Any thoughts as to why I am not getting a clear BD layer?



Thank you,



Dana

Boulder, CO













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Re: [Biofuel] US diesel options - was Re: New member introduction

2005-02-15 Thread Keith Addison



Keith,
Jeep shows that the are producing the Liberty CRD but I have yet 
to find a dealer in the Atlanta area that has one.

Regards,
Pat



Thanks Pat, that's one to add.

There's a hot new (?) Jaguar diesel, is that being sold in the US? 
If more than three list members can afford it we'll start chargig 
subscriptions! LOL! (Joke.) Also an Alfa diesel, and a BMW. Quite a 
few new(ish) diesels here, dunno if they're States-bound though:




Nope. Nope. And nope. :(


Sad, eh? (I mean the cars, not the subscriptions!)

I'll help put together a list when I get home from work tonight if I 
have time.


Thankyou John!

Best wishes

Keith



jh


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Re: [Biofuel] Soap aerated concrete

2005-02-15 Thread Keith Addison




Hi Keith et al,
I used Perlite mixed with refractory cement in my aluminum casting 
furnace. The walls saw temperatures surpassing 2000F, it was working 
well. The mixture was 50/50, and the perlite is very light-weight, 
reducing the overall mass of the structure.

--
Martin K


Perlite gives very similar results to rice husk ash. Michael Allen 
and I discussed Perlite in this context when I made that page on rice 
husk ash. You used the same ratio of cement as I do with RHA, after 
trying it 20 different ways in tests.


Regards

Keith




Keith Addison wrote:

Hi Doug

Nothing to do with soap, but do you know about this?

http://journeytoforever.org/at_woodstove-allen.html
Rice-husk stoves - Appropriate technology: Journey to Forever

This stuff is great! We're using it to build charcoal-burning 
stoves, it's an excellent insulator. Have a look at this picture:


http://journeytoforever.org/bflpics/rhahand2.jpg

Those coals are really hot!

Reduced strength, as you say, but we find that a mix of 1:3 up to 
1:1 cement to rice husk ash by weight is pretty strong, and since 
the RHA is much lighter than the cement, in fact you don't use a 
lot of cement. It's a bit like pumice or something. Doesn't weigh 
very much.


The rice husk burner works very well, but if you want to put it in 
a 55-gal/200 litre oil drum, as we did, you'll have to make the 
cage slightly smaller.




Hi,
I am searching for information on making aerated concrete. For those
interested, basically foam is added to a mortar mix, and the 
mortar can be up

to double the quantity, with reduced strength, but added insulation.
This is achieved with an organic soap (from what I have found), but I was
wondering if anyone had seen info on using home made soap?

http://pelagic.wavyhill.xsmail.com/cellcrete_how.html is a site 
I found with

a home made processor

From my search on the web, protein hydrolisation seems to be the 
soap/additive

that is used for making the foam. I have not found any more info on how this
is made though.

Can anyone help me??

regards Doug

(I am interested in making tilt up concrete panels for a building.)


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Re: [Biofuel] BioD test batches

2005-02-15 Thread Keith Addison



Sorry, no attachments allowed:

Virus-free -- As an essential anti-virus measure the list does not 
accept attachments. All attachments are automatically removed before 
messages are distributed to the members. It is not possible to 
receive a virus from the Biofuel list.

- List rules

The administrators received the photograph though, I've uploaded it 
to the section at the Journey to Forever website we keep for Biofuel 
list members' images:


http://journeytoforever.org/bflpics/BDtestbatch1and2.jpg

It's now 24kb rather than 460kb!!! Distributed to nearly 3,000 
members, how much bandwidth would that have taken?


If you don't have an image optimiser there are online rsources you 
can use to reduce them to a reasonable weight without losing much, if 
anything.


Best wishes

Keith Addison
Journey to Forever
KYOTO Pref., Japan
http://journeytoforever.org/
Biofuel list owner



Hi folks,



I have done two 1 ltr test batches in a 2 ltr PET bottle using new safeway
brand canola oil.



Test batch 1



1 ltr new safeway brand canola oil in 2 ltr PET bottle

4.9g KOH in 200ml methanol

Heated in water bath to about 140F

Shaken for about 5 mins then every 10-15 mins for the next two hours

Result:  good separation but the BD layer is milky



Test batch 2



1 ltr new safeway brand canola oil in 2 ltr PET bottle

9g KOH in 200ml methanol

Heated in water bath to about 140F

Mixed in blender for 20 mins then poured back into pet bottle to settle

Result:  same as batch 1 only faster



One of the locals thought it might be water in the oil.  I tested it by
heating up a sample in a sauce pan and did not get any spattering or
popping.



Any thoughts as to why I am not getting a clear BD layer?



Thank you,



Dana

Boulder, CO


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[Biofuel] Re: [Burnveggies] Biofuel Station pump is open for biz!

2005-02-15 Thread Keith Addison



See below...


on 2/14/05 5:34 PM, Kimber Holmes at [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 Hello all,
 We are pleased to announce that the Biofuel Station's B100 
fill-n-go pump is 
 open for business! We are open Mon thru Fri, 9am - 5pm. Please 
stop by to say
 hello, and get some B100. The price is $3.50 at the pump 
(includes all state 

 and federal excise taxes).

 I've attached a photo of our station.



And a beautiful station it is, indeed!  But that email took an
AWFUL long time to download, for all the Luddites like me in
the group that still have dialup (at home :-)).

Is there someplace ELSE we might put pictures, with just a
pointer in the text?

-K


Same message to you. Sorry, no attachments allowed:

Virus-free -- As an essential anti-virus measure the list does not 
accept attachments. All attachments are automatically removed before 
messages are distributed to the members. It is not possible to 
receive a virus from the Biofuel list.

- List rules

We received the photograph though, I've uploaded it to the section at 
the Journey to Forever website we keep for Biofuel list members' 
images:


http://journeytoforever.org/bflpics/kimberbiofuel030.jpg

The ridiculous size, 1.9Mb!!! has now shrunk to a more reasonable 
32kb - no Leonardo in the first place and it still isn't one, but 
it's nice and clear.


If you don't have an image optimiser there are online rsources you 
can use to reduce them to a reasonable weight without losing much, if 
anything.


Best wishes

Keith Addison
Journey to Forever
KYOTO Pref., Japan
http://journeytoforever.org/
Biofuel list owner



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[Biofuel] Re: New member introduction

2005-02-15 Thread Doug




Your other choice is an old school MB but since some of them barely
break 30 mpg and are glacially slow, I might just get a newer Ford 
Focus gasser that gets 35 mpg.


30 mpg for a very heavy, very safe/solid 4-dr sedan running on any form 
of Bio-diesel is one hell of a lot preferable to ANY 'gasser' @ 35 mpg. 
I was always impressed with the 30+ miles/gallon my 1980 300D gave me.


In addition this 59 yr old life-long car-freak will state without 
hesitation, that the 300D was THE best car I've ever driven. The best 
handling, the safest, the most road-worthy by far. I'm not a reluctant 
or slow driver. I was warned I'd not be satisfied with the Mercedes 
because it would be slow. I never was!! I pushed the (#*%%*^$ out of 
that car and was always happy with the performance. It's a heavy, 
well-made diesel torgue-monster - it can take it. In addition, mine 
wasn't even the turbo-diesel!


I'm now looking for another - the best I can find to replace my newer 
gas Mercedes.


These babies are not only a smart buy for bio-fuel folk, but they are 
nothing less than the best cars on the road!  (o.k. I have a bias).


Also, they imported some MB diesels in the mid-late nineties. Again... 
great cars!


Doug Smith

P.S. By the way, the Mitsubishi Coup that slammed into me from behind 
and drove me totally through a major intersection... was destroyed all 
the way up to the windshield. My 300D was totally unscathed! The only 
sign of being hit was a few pieces of glass embedded in the hard rubber 
on the back bumper! Can a Focus take that?

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Re: [Biofuel] Soap aerated concrete

2005-02-15 Thread Doug Foskey

The process you mention is the process to make Hebel. The problem with using 
that process, is you need heat (ie Autoclave), and the product is reactive, 
so requires epoxy coated re-inforcing.
  The process I am interested in uses externally generated bubbles of less 
than 1mm diameter, mixed with (fine sand) mortar. This creates a product 
similar to Hebel, but with better (from my searching, anyway) water 
properties. (Hebel cannot be wet as it looses strength)
  Proper aerated concrete retains much of the strength of normal concrete.

regards Doug

On Tuesday 15 February 2005 8:03, Greg  Harbican wrote:
 I don't know about using soap, but, professionals make it by mixing in
 aluminum chips.

 The aluminum reacts with the calcium hydroxide, and produces aluminum
 hydroxide and H2 gas.

 Greg H.

 - Original Message -
 From: Doug Foskey [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 12:52
 Subject: [Biofuel] Soap  aerated concrete


 Hi,
  I am searching for information on making aerated concrete. For those
 interested, basically foam is added to a mortar mix, and the mortar can be
 up
 to double the quantity, with reduced strength, but added insulation.
  This is achieved with an organic soap (from what I have found), but I was
 wondering if anyone had seen info on using home made soap?

 http://pelagic.wavyhill.xsmail.com/cellcrete_how.html is a site I found
 with
 a home made processor

 From my search on the web, protein hydrolisation seems to be the

 soap/additive
 that is used for making the foam. I have not found any more info on how
 this is made though.

  Can anyone help me??

 regards Doug

 (I am interested in making tilt up concrete panels for a building.)
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Re: [Biofuel] Soap aerated concrete

2005-02-15 Thread Doug Foskey

No problem, Caroline. I would be more likely to posr any results on the list, 
as there are others probably interested. Others are welcome to use the Delete 
key!

regards Doug

(I really like the group because we have such diverse interests  views!)

On Tuesday 15 February 2005 7:33, grahams wrote:
 At 02:52 PM 2/14/2005, you wrote:
 Hi,
   I am searching for information on making aerated concrete. For those
 interested, basically foam is added to a mortar mix, and the mortar can be
  up to double the quantity, with reduced strength, but added insulation.
  This is achieved with an organic soap (from what I have found), but I was
  wondering if anyone had seen info on using home made soap?

 There are many recipes for how people make/use homemade soap for dishes. I
 would suggest you make a batch of concrete as the directions state to get
 an idea how the consistency is supposed to be at each stage and then
 experiment substituting with homemade soap -whatever recipe you decide to
 use.  Perhaps you will need to adjust your soap recipe (or quantities
 needed)  to end up with a similar outcome.

 I would love to hear of your results, email me privately if you don't mind
 when you experiment.

 Caroline

 Caroline

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Re: [Biofuel] Fw: Test batch no. 2

2005-02-15 Thread Appal Energy



Fluff at the interphase layer of water and biodiesel upon the first wash 
stage isn't exactly what you want to see. If the reaction has gone to 
completion, you have let the fuel/glyc-cocktail set overnight or perhaps 24 
hours and you didn't transfer any of the glyc cocktail into your wash, the 
interphase layer should be a very clean separation, with but a paper-thin 
layer of white between water and fuel.


Just exactly what did the oil titrate at before you started? Three 
possibilities are that either the reaction failed to complete, or it's a 
very degraded oil that generated a grand amount of soap and you didn't let 
the glyc cocktail settle out for a long enough period of time, or a 
combination of both.


It's also possible that the oil is borderline, so degraded and high in FFAs 
(eventually soap) that you're always going to have problems with it.


The suggestion here is to slow down and figure this one out before you move 
on to 100 liters.


If your able, secure one or two liters of virgin veg oil. Run side-by-side 
samples of that and a half-dozen blends of the SVO and the feedstock you're 
having trouble with. (perhaps 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75% and 90%) Two hundred 
milliliters of oil at a time will be sufficient, all of them preferably in 
identical jars. Pint canning jars work lovely. Use a water bath to keep 
the temp elevated while the contents are reacting. Shake each jar violently 
for perhaps 10 seconds, every five minutes, for 20 minutes.


When working with such small volumes it helps to use a stock methoxide 
solution and dilute it as necessary for each sample using pure methanol. 
This is a much more accurate and quicker method than weighing out 
micro-amounts of catalyst for each and every sample. See 
http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make2.html#stockmeth


Take note of everything you do. As you progress towards the samples with the 
high percentage of crappy oil (?) some of the characteristics you've already 
experienced should start popping up, providing that the problem rests with 
the oil and not previous operator error.


When you go to washing some of each sample, pour off 50 ml of each into 
separate jars, making sure not to get any glyc cocktail in with the fuel. 
Add 50 ml of warm/tepid water. Close the lid tightly and either swirl 
quickly for ten seconds or just shake violently three or four times. Set the 
jars down, let settle and observe.


What you see shuld start providing answers to some of your questions.

There is one other set of tests that could help you gather a better 
understanding of what gives. Take a liter of fairly clean oil. Titrate it. 
Put 200 ml of the oil in each of five identical jars. In the center sample 
use the appropriate amount of methoxide that your titration dictates. In the 
two samples to the left use an amount of catalyst equivalent to 1/2 gram per 
liter of oil and 1 gram per liter of oil less than what the titration 
indicates. On the two samples to the right, go in the opposite direction 
with 1/2 and 1.0 grams more, respectively, than the titration indicates. 
Close the lids tightly and agitate in the same manner as the test mentioned 
above. Wash 50 ml samples, also in the same manner as in the test above.


Observe.

This side-by-side bracket titration will give you a visual understanding 
of what too little catalyst can do to a wash. You might find some reasonable 
parallels to the problems you're presently having.


Todd Swearingen

- Original Message - 
From: Lars Andersson [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 6:25 PM
Subject: [Biofuel] Fw: Test batch no. 2


Please excuse my strange postings The original message was posted 
2005-02-05 but was dated 2005-01-05 because i had messed with the settings 
for time and date


Please read all of this unsuccessful message ! The most important parts is 
below


I am still very interested in a comment regarding my test batch.

Thank You, again

Lars A


Lars Andersson
VŠstanskogsgatan 7
590 71 Ljungsbro
013-66574/070-5334054

- Original Message - 
From: Lars Andersson [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Saturday, January 15, 2005 12:16 AM
Subject: Test batch no. 2


This message was sent earlier (2005-01-05) but seems to have been lost 
somewhere... Now i am (almost) ready to make the first bigger batch and 
do not want to be a not so proud owner of 100 l. of  glop.. Could anyone 
encourage me to move on with this oil (of course with titration and so on) 
or tell me not to with some hints about how to proceed..?


Thank You

Lars A


Lars Andersson
VŠstanskogsgatan 7
590 71 Ljungsbro
013-66574/070-5334054



Good evening everybody and thank You for this amount of information 
communicated here. This is my first post here after at least six months of 
just reading and thinking while building a reactor from 200l drums.


I made a quick page (for some reason with very poor picture quality, please 

Re: [Biofuel] Biorefinary ,Big blues and Globalization

2005-02-15 Thread Appal Energy



Hit the Full Size hot link. After it loads, drag the mouse over the image.
A small icon should pop up if you're using a recent version of Windoze
Explorer. Click on it and the image should appear full size.

Or just go to View on the toolbar and hit View Fullscreen.

Voila!!!

Todd Swearingen

- Original Message - 
From: francisco j burgos [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 10:03 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Biorefinary ,Big blues and Globalization



Attention: Mr.Todd Swearingen

Dear Mr. Swearingen:
many, many thanks for your prompt replay and valuable information.
Yes, I agree with you... in my case I am willing to pay the fair price for 
pertinent plans.

By the way, my PC ought to have a problem since can not Full-size image.
Yours truly,
Francisco J. Burgos

- Original Message - 
From: Appal Energy [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 8:06 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Biorefinary ,Big blues and Globalization



Francisco,

People who have detailed plans for biorefineries in their possession have 
either paid for their copies (which probably means they legally aren't 
allowed to distribute them beyond their own use) or have sweated bullets 
and watched their bank account dwindle developing and having them drawn 
out.


I don't know where you're going to find anyone who's willing to just hand 
you a set of detailed plans out of the kindness of their heart.


On the other hand, you can find a schematic of what is required to 
manufacture biodiesel in a responsible, cradle-to-grave fashion on the 
internet.at  http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_processor9.html


The rest is up to your level of experience with biodiesel and your 
imagination.


Todd Swearingen

- Original Message - 
From: francisco j burgos [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 2:08 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Biorefinary ,Big blues and Globalization



Dear pals:
could you please indicate me where I can find a set of detailed plans, 
isometric drawings, etc., that allow any one in building up a semi- 
industrial  (165 gallon/ batch) biodiesel production unit?.

Thanks,
Francisco J. burgos




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Re: [Biofuel] question's

2005-02-15 Thread DB


The only modification was to change about one foot of rubber fuel line with 
one made of nitrile. After that it was necessary to add an inline fuel 
filter before the stock fuel filter because the filters were clogging up 
with old petrol gunk. This was the only problem. I sold the car in '04 to 
buy an'02 VW golf TDI. The mercedes was still running fine and it still is. 
The new owners still come by to fill up with bio-D. I have mad over 2500 gal 
since dec 02., and highly recommend the mercedes 300 series.
- Original Message - 
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 1:45 PM
Subject: [Biofuel] question's


I was wondering if someone could help me find out how I can convert my 1980 
Mercedes 300sd Turbo Diesel to biodiesel ? I have been doing some research 
but have not been able to find out what I need to do to the vehicle itself. 
I am very new to all of this but am very interested in making it work it 
sounds so sensible I can't believe more people aren't aware of this 
alternative.I live in S.F.- Bay Area  so if anyone has information for this 
area I would appreciate it.Thankyou. Dina

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Re: [Biofuel] Re: New member introduction

2005-02-15 Thread Erik Lane

Just one question - have you ever tried out a Peugeot 505? That is
hands down the best car I've ever driven. I've driven a 300SD (tho not
very far) and while it was nice, I still prefer my 505. It just sucks
that it's so expensive to repair!

I know of at least a few other car freaks who have driven just about
everything out there and also choose the 505. Not that that is
conclusive at all, of course!

Erik


On Mon, 14 Feb 2005 22:17:10 -0800, Doug [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 On Monday, February 14, 2005, at 11:38  AM, jh wrote:
 
  Your other choice is an old school MB but since some of them barely
  break 30 mpg and are glacially slow, I might just get a newer Ford
  Focus gasser that gets 35 mpg.
 
 30 mpg for a very heavy, very safe/solid 4-dr sedan running on any form
 of Bio-diesel is one hell of a lot preferable to ANY 'gasser' @ 35 mpg.
 I was always impressed with the 30+ miles/gallon my 1980 300D gave me.
 
 In addition this 59 yr old life-long car-freak will state without
 hesitation, that the 300D was THE best car I've ever driven. The best
 handling, the safest, the most road-worthy by far. I'm not a reluctant
 or slow driver. I was warned I'd not be satisfied with the Mercedes
 because it would be slow. I never was!! I pushed the (#*%%*^$ out of
 that car and was always happy with the performance. It's a heavy,
 well-made diesel torgue-monster - it can take it. In addition, mine
 wasn't even the turbo-diesel!
 
 I'm now looking for another - the best I can find to replace my newer
 gas Mercedes.
 
 These babies are not only a smart buy for bio-fuel folk, but they are
 nothing less than the best cars on the road!  (o.k. I have a bias).
 
 Also, they imported some MB diesels in the mid-late nineties. Again...
 great cars!
 
 Doug Smith
 
 P.S. By the way, the Mitsubishi Coup that slammed into me from behind
 and drove me totally through a major intersection... was destroyed all
 the way up to the windshield. My 300D was totally unscathed! The only
 sign of being hit was a few pieces of glass embedded in the hard rubber
 on the back bumper! Can a Focus take that?
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[Biofuel] Fwd: [Stoves] Re: New data on ethanol stove

2005-02-15 Thread Keith Addison



From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: Andrew Heggie [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: [Stoves] Re: New data on ethanol stove

Hello!

Our ethanol stove site has new data from user's of the stove in 
rural areas. http://nariphaltan.virtualave.net/ethstove.pdf


Cheers. Anil K. Rajvanshi

Anil K Rajvanshi
Director
Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute
P.O.Box 44, Phaltan 415523
Maharashtra, India

Ph: 02166-222396/220945
Fax: 02166-220945

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[Biofuel] The Indian Seed Act and Patent Act: Sowing the Seeds of Dictatorship

2005-02-15 Thread Keith Addison




TITLE: The Indian Seed Act and Patent Act: Sowing the Seeds of Dictatorship
AUTHOR: Vandana Shiva
PUBLICATION: Znet
DATE: 14 February 2005
URL: http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=56ItemID=7249


THE INDIAN SEED ACT AND PATENT ACT:
SOWING THE SEEDS OF DICTATORSHIP

by Vandana Shiva

14 February 2005

Since the beginning of farming, farmers have sown seeds, harvested 
crops, saved part of the harvest for seeds, exchanged seeds with 
neighbours. Every ritual in India involves seeds, the very symbol of 
life's renewal.


In 2004 two laws have been proposed -- a seed Act and a Patent 
Ordinance  which could forever destroy the biodiversity of our seeds 
and crops, and  rob farmers of all freedoms, establishing a seed 
dictatorship.


Eighty per cent of all seed in India is still saved by farmers. 
Farmers  indigenous varieties are the basis of our ecological and 
food security.  Coastal farmers have evolved salt resistant 
varieties. Bihar and Bengal  farmers have evolved flood resistant 
varieties, farmers of Rajasthan and  the semi-arid Deccan have 
evolved drought resistant varieties, Himalayan  farmers have evolved 
frost resistant varieties. Pulses, millets,  oilseeds, rices, wheats, 
vegetables provide the diverse basis of our  health and nutrition 
security. This is the sector being targeted by the  Seed Act. These 
seeds are indigenous farmers varieties of diverse crops  -- thousands 
of rices, hundreds of wheats, oilseeds such as linseed,  sesame, 
groundnut, coconut, pulses including gahat, narrangi, rajma,  urad, 
moong, masur, tur, vegetables and fruits. The Seed Act is designed 
to enclose the free economy of farmers seed varieties. Once farmers 
seed supply is destroyed through compulsory registration by making it 
illegal to plant unlicensed varieties, farmers are pushed into 
dependency on corporate monopoly of patented seed. The Seed Act is 
therefore the handmaiden of the Patent Amendment Acts which have 
introduced patents on seed.


New IPR laws are creating monopolies over seeds and plant genetic 
resources. Seed saving and seed exchange, basic freedoms of farmers, 
are  being redefined. There are many examples of how Seed Acts in 
various  countries and the introduction of IPRs prevent farmers from 
engaging in  their own seed production. Josef Albrecht, an organic 
farmer in Germany,  was not satisfied with the commercially available 
seed. He worked and  developed his own ecological varieties of wheat. 
Ten other organic  farmers from neighbouring villages took his wheat 
seeds. Albrecht was  fined by his government because he traded in 
uncertified seed. He has  challenged the penalty and the Seed Act 
because he feels restricted in  freely exercising his occupation as 
an organic farmer by this law.


In Scotland, there are a large number of farmers who grow seed potato 
and sell seed potato to other farmers. They could, until the early 
1990s, freely sell the reproductive material to other seed potato 
growers, to merchants, or to farmers. In the 1990s, holders of plant 
breeders' rights started to issue notices to potato growers through 
the  British Society of Plant Breeders and made selling of seed 
potato by  farmers to other farmers illegal. Seed potato growers had 
to grow  varieties under contract to the seed industry, which 
specified the price  at which the contracting company would take back 
the crop and barred  growers from selling the crop to anyone. Soon, 
the companies started to  reduce the acreage and prices. In 1994, 
seed potato bought from Scottish  farmers for £140 was sold for more 
than double that price to English  farmers, whilst the two sets of 
farmers were prevented from dealing  directly with each other. Seed 
potato growers signed a petition  complaining about the stranglehold 
of a few companies acting as a  'cartel'. They also started to sell 
non-certified seed directly to  English farmers. The seed industry 
claimed they were losing £4 million  in seed sales through the direct 
sale of uncertified seed potato between  farmers. In February 1995, 
the British Society for Plant Breeders  decided to proceed with a 
high profile court case against a farmer from  Aberdeenshire. The 
farmer was forced to pay £30,000 as compensation to  cover royalties 
lost to the seed industry by direct farmer-to-farmer  exchange. 
Existing United Kingdom and European Union laws thus prevent  farmers 
from exchanging uncertified seed as well as protected varieties.


In the US as well, farmer-to-farmer exchange has been made illegal. 
Dennis and Becky Winterboer were farmers owning a 500-acre farm in 
Iowa.  Since 1987, the Winterboers have derived a sizeable portion of 
their  income from 'brown bagging' sales of their crops to other 
farmers to use  as seed. A 'brown bag' sale occurs when a farmer 
plants seeds in his own  field and then 

Re: [Biofuel] Fwd: [Stoves] Re: New data on ethanol stove

2005-02-15 Thread Pannir P.V

 Hello


   As  fifty porcent  alcohol  distillation can be very easily 
done by fuel wood and  solar energy , Anil  alcohol stove is an  very
interesting  an  more important his achievements .
And also very good  Keith bring this work here .

   Surely  the ethanol  made in India  used  as food , leading to
health problem  ca be  used very easily to solve the  fuel  problems
of rural areas

  One thing I am not very clear after going through  this  stove
design  is  that   how  is  the pressure  obtained  in the tank .Is 
it done   manually as that of many  kerosene stove  or need  any other
device .
Can any one reply.

sd
Pannir Selvam


   




On Tue, 15 Feb 2005 18:16:13 +0900, Keith Addison
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 Date: Tue, 15 Feb 2005 08:40:53 +0500
 From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 To: Andrew Heggie [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Subject: [Stoves] Re: New data on ethanol stove
 
 Hello!
 
 Our ethanol stove site has new data from user's of the stove in
 rural areas. http://nariphaltan.virtualave.net/ethstove.pdf
 
 Cheers. Anil K. Rajvanshi
 
 Anil K Rajvanshi
 Director
 Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute
 P.O.Box 44, Phaltan 415523
 Maharashtra, India
 
 Ph: 02166-222396/220945
 Fax: 02166-220945
 
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-- 
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN
Departamento de Engenharia Qu’mica - DEQ
Centro de Tecnologia - CT
Programa de P—s Gradua‹o em Engenharia Qu’mica - PPGEQ
Grupo de Pesquisa em Engenharia de Custos - GPEC

Av. Senador Salgado Filho, Campus Universit‡rio
CEP 59.072-970 , Natal/RN - Brasil

Residence :
Av  Odilon gome de lima, 2951,
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[Biofuel] ethanol stove and barbeque

2005-02-15 Thread John Wilson

Hi,
  New to the list so I have a lot of catching up to do.. The ethanol
barbeque that I am working on uses wate from restaurants to make the mash
ie potato peelings and apple peelings . The still is a used eletric hot
water heater with two elements one on the bottom and one on the top should
make control  of the temperature a snap. Still waiting for exise Canada to
give me a permit. to try it. At the last go they said they will require a
$5000.00 bond before I am able to try it. The barbeque itself will be
modified. I plan to take the tank apart and put a pipe in it so that the
alchol is drawn off from the bottom. I will put an air valve in the top and
use an existing compressor or a 12 volt air compressor set to maintain at
5-15 lbs in the tank. Exise Canada said they will get back to me at the end
of February.
Yours truly
John Wilson
Goldens
***
Wilsonia Farm Kennel Preserve

Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Ph-Fax (902)665-2386)

Web: http://www3.ns.sympatico.ca/goldens/new.htm
Pups: http://www3.ns.sympatico.ca/goldens/pup.htm
Politics: http://www3.ns.sympatico.ca/goldens/elect.htm
  http://www3.ns.sympatico.ca/goldens/c68.htm


In Nova Scotia smoking permitted in designated areas only until 9:00 PM .
After 9:00 it is okey to kill everyone.


^^^

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Re: [Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution

2005-02-15 Thread gustl

On Mon, 14 Feb 2005 18:38:52 -0800
 [EMAIL PROTECTED] (knoton) wrote:
 Our Godless Constitution
 by BROOKE ALLEN
 [from the February 21, 2005 issue]
 
 The Founding Fathers were not religious men, 

This bit is absolutely false.  What our founding fathers
were were religious men who knew the importance of not
letting sectarian predilicition intefere with the rights
they were espousing and the government they were
establishing.  They were giving the people the right to
choose their religion or to choose to not have any
religion, a purely private decision.  Unfortunately the
modern state has instituted radical and mindless
patriotism as the state religion.  A sad situation.

Happy Happy,

Gustl
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Re: [Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution

2005-02-15 Thread Appal Energy



I don't think you'd find it as false a claim as you might think if you apply 
the generally accepted, contemporary, rough translation of religion and 
religious to the matter. Even if you strictly applied the definitions 
found in Websters, you would quickly see that they don't stick very well to 
those who don't adhere to the extremes of worship and systemized ritual.


Their beliefs were by-and-large all encompassing, incorporating 
fundamental tenants found in almost all religions, not specifically the 
tenants and doctrines of any one religion.


When you combine their almost unanimous acknowledgements of diety with their 
discord for organized religion, its constructs and decripitudes, you would 
probably come up with a more precise akin to 'The founding fathers were 
deists, not men of religion,' which the author does go to great lengths to 
verify.


All in all his statement is to a very large degree correct. And, as you may 
have noticed, it certainly gets the dander up for some, eh?


:-)

Quite the nicely written and well thought out piece of work - far more 
accurate than the habitual abuse of historic fact for the purpose of 
idealogical gain being rendered by the self-appointed elitists of the day.


Todd Swearingen

- Original Message - 
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Tuesday, February 15, 2005 10:17 AM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution



On Mon, 14 Feb 2005 18:38:52 -0800
[EMAIL PROTECTED] (knoton) wrote:

Our Godless Constitution
by BROOKE ALLEN
[from the February 21, 2005 issue]

The Founding Fathers were not religious men,


This bit is absolutely false.  What our founding fathers
were were religious men who knew the importance of not
letting sectarian predilicition intefere with the rights
they were espousing and the government they were
establishing.  They were giving the people the right to
choose their religion or to choose to not have any
religion, a purely private decision.  Unfortunately the
modern state has instituted radical and mindless
patriotism as the state religion.  A sad situation.

Happy Happy,

Gustl
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Re: [Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution

2005-02-15 Thread Anti-Fossil

Hello Gustl,

I agree with this,

 This bit is absolutely false.
  The Founding Fathers were not religious men,

However, I am sure that you know a hook when you see one.  Reading through
this article, one becomes aware that, while it meanders through more
distant, and sometimes obscure historic details, it's focal point, and
yours, are basically the same, the absolute necessity for the separation of
church and state.

Personally, I see another separation even higher on the nation's priority
list at the present time, that of Bush and state.


AntiFossil
Mike Krafka  USA


- Original Message - 
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Tuesday, February 15, 2005 9:17 AM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution


 On Mon, 14 Feb 2005 18:38:52 -0800
  [EMAIL PROTECTED] (knoton) wrote:
  Our Godless Constitution
  by BROOKE ALLEN
  [from the February 21, 2005 issue]
 
  The Founding Fathers were not religious men,

 This bit is absolutely false.  What our founding fathers
 were were religious men who knew the importance of not
 letting sectarian predilicition intefere with the rights
 they were espousing and the government they were
 establishing.  They were giving the people the right to
 choose their religion or to choose to not have any
 religion, a purely private decision.  Unfortunately the
 modern state has instituted radical and mindless
 patriotism as the state religion.  A sad situation.

 Happy Happy,

 Gustl
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Re: [Biofuel] Soap aerated concrete

2005-02-15 Thread Guag Meister

Hi All ;

Could I ask a stupid question?  What is Perlite?

Best Regards,
Peter G.
Thailand

--- Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 Hi Martin
 
 Hi Keith et al,
 I used Perlite mixed with refractory cement in my
 aluminum casting 
 furnace. The walls saw temperatures surpassing
 2000F, it was working 
 well. The mixture was 50/50, and the perlite is
 very light-weight, 
 reducing the overall mass of the structure.
 --
 Martin K
 
 Perlite gives very similar results to rice husk ash.
 Michael Allen 
 and I discussed Perlite in this context when I made
 that page on rice 
 husk ash. You used the same ratio of cement as I do
 with RHA, after 
 trying it 20 different ways in tests.
 
 Regards
 
 Keith
 
 
 
 Keith Addison wrote:
 Hi Doug
 
 Nothing to do with soap, but do you know about
 this?
 

http://journeytoforever.org/at_woodstove-allen.html
 Rice-husk stoves - Appropriate technology: Journey
 to Forever
 
 This stuff is great! We're using it to build
 charcoal-burning 
 stoves, it's an excellent insulator. Have a look
 at this picture:
 
 http://journeytoforever.org/bflpics/rhahand2.jpg
 
 Those coals are really hot!
 
 Reduced strength, as you say, but we find that a
 mix of 1:3 up to 
 1:1 cement to rice husk ash by weight is pretty
 strong, and since 
 the RHA is much lighter than the cement, in fact
 you don't use a 
 lot of cement. It's a bit like pumice or
 something. Doesn't weigh 
 very much.
 
 The rice husk burner works very well, but if you
 want to put it in 
 a 55-gal/200 litre oil drum, as we did, you'll
 have to make the 
 cage slightly smaller.
 
 
 Hi,
 I am searching for information on making aerated
 concrete. For those
 interested, basically foam is added to a mortar
 mix, and the 
 mortar can be up
 to double the quantity, with reduced strength,
 but added insulation.
 This is achieved with an organic soap (from what
 I have found), but I was
 wondering if anyone had seen info on using home
 made soap?
 

http://pelagic.wavyhill.xsmail.com/cellcrete_how.html
 is a site 
 I found with
 a home made processor
 
  From my search on the web, protein
 hydrolisation seems to be the 
 soap/additive
 that is used for making the foam. I have not
 found any more info on how this
 is made though.
 
 Can anyone help me??
 
 regards Doug
 
 (I am interested in making tilt up concrete
 panels for a building.)
 
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Re: [Biofuel] Thank you Keith The Indian Seed Act and Patent Act: Sowing the Seeds of Dictatorship

2005-02-15 Thread Phillip Wolfe

Dear Keith - Excellent article and have not posted
awhile because of my new job.   I will read and
re-read this article.   I hope our lawmakers take time
to really study the issues. I studied Plants and Plant
Genetics and Plant Taxonomy (Dendrology) as
undergraduate. The issue of seeds and hybrid vigor was
a great discussion in the early days (1970s). Things
have changes so much since that time.  

Best Regards,

Phillip Wolfe
--- Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 BIO-IPR docserver | http://www.grain.org/bio-ipr


 
 TITLE: The Indian Seed Act and Patent Act: Sowing
 the Seeds of Dictatorship
 AUTHOR: Vandana Shiva
 PUBLICATION: Znet
 DATE: 14 February 2005
 URL:

http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=56ItemID=7249


 
 THE INDIAN SEED ACT AND PATENT ACT:
 SOWING THE SEEDS OF DICTATORSHIP
 
 by Vandana Shiva
 
 14 February 2005
 
 Since the beginning of farming, farmers have sown
 seeds, harvested 
 crops, saved part of the harvest for seeds,
 exchanged seeds with 
 neighbours. Every ritual in India involves seeds,
 the very symbol of 
 life's renewal.
 
 In 2004 two laws have been proposed -- a seed Act
 and a Patent 
 Ordinance  which could forever destroy the
 biodiversity of our seeds 
 and crops, and  rob farmers of all freedoms,
 establishing a seed 
 dictatorship.
 
 Eighty per cent of all seed in India is still saved
 by farmers. 
 Farmers  indigenous varieties are the basis of our
 ecological and 
 food security.  Coastal farmers have evolved salt
 resistant 
 varieties. Bihar and Bengal  farmers have evolved
 flood resistant 
 varieties, farmers of Rajasthan and  the semi-arid
 Deccan have 
 evolved drought resistant varieties, Himalayan 
 farmers have evolved 
 frost resistant varieties. Pulses, millets, 
 oilseeds, rices, wheats, 
 vegetables provide the diverse basis of our  health
 and nutrition 
 security. This is the sector being targeted by the 
 Seed Act. These 
 seeds are indigenous farmers varieties of diverse
 crops  -- thousands 
 of rices, hundreds of wheats, oilseeds such as
 linseed,  sesame, 
 groundnut, coconut, pulses including gahat,
 narrangi, rajma,  urad, 
 moong, masur, tur, vegetables and fruits. The Seed
 Act is designed 
 to enclose the free economy of farmers seed
 varieties. Once farmers 
 seed supply is destroyed through compulsory
 registration by making it 
 illegal to plant unlicensed varieties, farmers are
 pushed into 
 dependency on corporate monopoly of patented seed.
 The Seed Act is 
 therefore the handmaiden of the Patent Amendment
 Acts which have 
 introduced patents on seed.
 
 New IPR laws are creating monopolies over seeds and
 plant genetic 
 resources. Seed saving and seed exchange, basic
 freedoms of farmers, 
 are  being redefined. There are many examples of how
 Seed Acts in 
 various  countries and the introduction of IPRs
 prevent farmers from 
 engaging in  their own seed production. Josef
 Albrecht, an organic 
 farmer in Germany,  was not satisfied with the
 commercially available 
 seed. He worked and  developed his own ecological
 varieties of wheat. 
 Ten other organic  farmers from neighbouring
 villages took his wheat 
 seeds. Albrecht was  fined by his government because
 he traded in 
 uncertified seed. He has  challenged the penalty and
 the Seed Act 
 because he feels restricted in  freely exercising
 his occupation as 
 an organic farmer by this law.
 
 In Scotland, there are a large number of farmers who
 grow seed potato 
 and sell seed potato to other farmers. They could,
 until the early 
 1990s, freely sell the reproductive material to
 other seed potato 
 growers, to merchants, or to farmers. In the 1990s,
 holders of plant 
 breeders' rights started to issue notices to potato
 growers through 
 the  British Society of Plant Breeders and made
 selling of seed 
 potato by  farmers to other farmers illegal. Seed
 potato growers had 
 to grow  varieties under contract to the seed
 industry, which 
 specified the price  at which the contracting
 company would take back 
 the crop and barred  growers from selling the crop
 to anyone. Soon, 
 the companies started to  reduce the acreage and
 prices. In 1994, 
 seed potato bought from Scottish  farmers for £140
 was sold for more 
 than double that price to English  farmers, whilst
 the two sets of 
 farmers were prevented from dealing  directly with
 each other. Seed 
 potato growers signed a petition  complaining about
 the stranglehold 
 of a few companies acting as a  'cartel'. They also
 started to sell 
 non-certified seed directly to  English farmers. The
 seed industry 
 claimed they were losing £4 million  in seed sales
 through the direct 
 sale of uncertified seed potato between  farmers. In
 February 1995, 
 the British Society for Plant Breeders  decided to
 proceed with a 
 high profile court case against a farmer from 
 Aberdeenshire. 

Re: [Biofuel] Soap aerated concrete

2005-02-15 Thread Phillip Wolfe

Perlites and found with the Borates and all part of
the volcanic geological evolution. We have a lot of
Perlites in our Sierra Nevadas in California. Same
with borates (borax).  Borates, perlites, colemanites,
- all that stuff can be found anywhere you have an
escarpment of raised mountains due to ancient volcanic
magma scarns and earthquake activity especially next
to an arid desert bowl. 

What is Perlite? 
http://www.perlite.info/hbk/0034409.htm
Perlite is not a trade name but a generic term for
naturally occurring siliceous volcanic rock. The
distinguishing feature which sets perlite apart from
other volcanic glasses is that when heated to a
suitable point in its softening range, it expands from
four to twenty times its original volume.

This expansion process is due to the presence of two
to six percent combined water in the crude perlite
rock. When quickly heated to above 1600 F (870 C) the
crude rock pops in a manner similar to popcorn as the
combined water vaporizes and creates countless tiny
bubbles in the softened glassy particles. It is these
tiny glass-sealed bubbles which account for the
amazing lightweight and other exceptional physical
properties of expanded perlite.

The expansion process also creates one of perlite's
most distinguishing characteristics: its white color.
While the crude perlite rock may range from
transparent to light gray to glossy black, the color
of expanded perlite ranges from snowy white to grayish
white.

Expanded perlite can be manufactured to weigh from 2
lbs/ft3 (32 kg/m3) to 15 lb/ft3 (240 kg/m3) making it
adaptable for numerous uses, including filtration,
horticultural applications, insulation, inert carriers
and a multitude of filler applications.


--- Guag Meister [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 Hi All ;
 
 Could I ask a stupid question?  What is Perlite?
 
 Best Regards,
 Peter G.
 Thailand
 
 --- Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 wrote:
 
  Hi Martin
  
  Hi Keith et al,
  I used Perlite mixed with refractory cement in my
  aluminum casting 
  furnace. The walls saw temperatures surpassing
  2000F, it was working 
  well. The mixture was 50/50, and the perlite is
  very light-weight, 
  reducing the overall mass of the structure.
  --
  Martin K
  
  Perlite gives very similar results to rice husk
 ash.
  Michael Allen 
  and I discussed Perlite in this context when I
 made
  that page on rice 
  husk ash. You used the same ratio of cement as I
 do
  with RHA, after 
  trying it 20 different ways in tests.
  
  Regards
  
  Keith
  
  
  
  Keith Addison wrote:
  Hi Doug
  
  Nothing to do with soap, but do you know about
  this?
  
 

http://journeytoforever.org/at_woodstove-allen.html
  Rice-husk stoves - Appropriate technology:
 Journey
  to Forever
  
  This stuff is great! We're using it to build
  charcoal-burning 
  stoves, it's an excellent insulator. Have a look
  at this picture:
  
  http://journeytoforever.org/bflpics/rhahand2.jpg
  
  Those coals are really hot!
  
  Reduced strength, as you say, but we find that a
  mix of 1:3 up to 
  1:1 cement to rice husk ash by weight is pretty
  strong, and since 
  the RHA is much lighter than the cement, in fact
  you don't use a 
  lot of cement. It's a bit like pumice or
  something. Doesn't weigh 
  very much.
  
  The rice husk burner works very well, but if you
  want to put it in 
  a 55-gal/200 litre oil drum, as we did, you'll
  have to make the 
  cage slightly smaller.
  
  
  Hi,
  I am searching for information on making
 aerated
  concrete. For those
  interested, basically foam is added to a mortar
  mix, and the 
  mortar can be up
  to double the quantity, with reduced strength,
  but added insulation.
  This is achieved with an organic soap (from
 what
  I have found), but I was
  wondering if anyone had seen info on using home
  made soap?
  
 

http://pelagic.wavyhill.xsmail.com/cellcrete_how.html
  is a site 
  I found with
  a home made processor
  
   From my search on the web, protein
  hydrolisation seems to be the 
  soap/additive
  that is used for making the foam. I have not
  found any more info on how this
  is made though.
  
  Can anyone help me??
  
  regards Doug
  
  (I am interested in making tilt up concrete
  panels for a building.)
  
  ___
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  Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable):
  http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
  
 
 
 
   
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 Meet the all-new My Yahoo! - Try it today! 
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[Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution

2005-02-15 Thread knoton

Try googling the following:

Constitution Restoration Act

which was introduced in both houses of the U.S. Congress one year ago
this month.

Dominionism

Christian Reconstructionism

It all sounds way too incredible, but the Constitution Restoration Act
of 2004 caught my attention.  I don't think we can casually dismiss
these folks as a minor fruitcake fringe anymore.

Demian


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References

   1. http://www.knoton.com/

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Re: [Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution

2005-02-15 Thread mark manchester

Has anyone else ever seen a copy of the Six Nations Constitution?

There weren't many other democracies at hand in the mid 1700's, and
apparently this quite venerable Native document was very useful.

It gives a context to the Godless document.
Jesse

 From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (knoton)
 Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Date: Mon, 14 Feb 2005 18:38:52 -0800
 To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Subject: [Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution
 
 Our Godless Constitution
 by BROOKE ALLEN
 [from the February 21, 2005 issue]
 
 http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20050221s=allen
 
 It is hard to believe that George Bush has ever read the works of George
 Orwell, but he seems, somehow, to have grasped a few Orwellian precepts.
 The lesson the President has learned best--and certainly the one that
 has been the most useful to him--is the axiom that if you repeat a lie
 often enough, people will believe it. One of his Administration's
 current favorites is the whopper about America having been founded on
 Christian principles. Our nation was founded not on Christian principles
 but on Enlightenment ones. God only entered the picture as a very minor
 player, and Jesus Christ was conspicuously absent.
 
 Our Constitution makes no mention whatever of God. The omission was too
 obvious to have been anything but deliberate, in spite of Alexander
 Hamilton's flippant responses when asked about it: According to one
 account, he said that the new nation was not in need of foreign aid;
 according to another, he simply said we forgot. But as Hamilton's
 biographer Ron Chernow points out, Hamilton never forgot anything
 important.
 
 In the eighty-five essays that make up The Federalist, God is mentioned
 only twice (both times by Madison, who uses the word, as Gore Vidal has
 remarked, in the only Heaven knows sense). In the Declaration of
 Independence, He gets two brief nods: a reference to the Laws of Nature
 and Nature's God, and the famous line about men being endowed by their
 Creator with certain inalienable rights. More blatant official
 references to a deity date from long after the founding period: In God
 We Trust did not appear on our coinage until the Civil War, and
 under God was introduced into the Pledge of Allegiance during the
 McCarthy hysteria in 1954 [see Elisabeth Sifton, The Battle Over the
 Pledge, April 5, 2004].
 
 In 1797 our government concluded a Treaty of Peace and Friendship
 between the United States of America and the Bey and Subjects of
 Tripoli, or Barbary, now known simply as the Treaty of Tripoli. Article
 11 of the treaty contains these words:
 
 As the Government of the United States...is not in any sense founded on
 the Christian religion--as it has in itself no character of enmity
 against the laws, religion, or tranquillity of Musselmen--and as the
 said States never have
 entered into any war or act of hostility against any Mehomitan nation,
 it is declared by the parties that no pretext arising from religious
 opinions shall ever produce an interruption of the harmony existing
 between the two countries.
 
 This document was endorsed by Secretary of State Timothy Pickering and
 President John Adams. It was then sent to the Senate for ratification;
 the vote was unanimous. It is worth pointing out that although this was
 the 339th time a recorded vote had been required by the Senate, it was
 only the third unanimous vote in the Senate's history. There is no
 record of debate or dissent. The text of the treaty was printed in full
 in the Philadelphia Gazette and in two New York papers, but there were
 no screams of outrage, as one might expect today.
 
 The Founding Fathers were not religious men, and they fought hard to
 erect, in Thomas Jefferson's words, a wall of separation between church
 and state. John Adams opined that if they were not restrained by legal
 measures, Puritans--the fundamentalists of their day--would whip and
 crop, and pillory and roast. The historical epoch had afforded these
 men ample opportunity to observe the
 corruption to which established priesthoods were liable, as well as the
 impious
 presumption of legislators and rulers, as Jefferson wrote, civil as
 well as
 ecclesiastical, who, being themselves but fallible and uninspired men,
 have assumed dominion over the faith of others, setting up their own
 opinions and modes of thinking as the only true and infallible, and as
 such endeavoring to impose them on others, hath established and
 maintained false religions over the greatest part of the world and
 through all time.
 
 If we define a Christian as a person who believes in the divinity of
 Jesus Christ, then it is safe to say that some of the key Founding
 Fathers were not Christians at all. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson
 and Tom Paine were deists--that is, they believed in one Supreme Being
 but rejected revelation and all the supernatural elements of the
 Christian Church; the word of the Creator, they believed, could best be
 read in Nature. John Adams was a 

Re: [Biofuel] Soap aerated concrete

2005-02-15 Thread Phillip Wolfe

Guag - 
One of my favoite borates is called Ulexite. Ulexite
is called a natural fiber optic by scientists and
TV rock by children. It exists in oxidized form as a
rock but you can see throught the rock because it
allows light to pass through its crystalline structure
- thus transmistting the light. Take a look:

http://www.gc.maricopa.edu/earthsci/imagearchive/ulexite.htm

The natural world is a great.

Phillip Wolfe

--- Phillip Wolfe [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 Perlites and found with the Borates and all part of
 the volcanic geological evolution. We have a lot of
 Perlites in our Sierra Nevadas in California. Same
 with borates (borax).  Borates, perlites,
 colemanites,
 - all that stuff can be found anywhere you have an
 escarpment of raised mountains due to ancient
 volcanic
 magma scarns and earthquake activity especially
 next
 to an arid desert bowl. 
 
 What is Perlite? 
 http://www.perlite.info/hbk/0034409.htm
 Perlite is not a trade name but a generic term for
 naturally occurring siliceous volcanic rock. The
 distinguishing feature which sets perlite apart from
 other volcanic glasses is that when heated to a
 suitable point in its softening range, it expands
 from
 four to twenty times its original volume.
 
 This expansion process is due to the presence of two
 to six percent combined water in the crude perlite
 rock. When quickly heated to above 1600 F (870 C)
 the
 crude rock pops in a manner similar to popcorn as
 the
 combined water vaporizes and creates countless tiny
 bubbles in the softened glassy particles. It is
 these
 tiny glass-sealed bubbles which account for the
 amazing lightweight and other exceptional physical
 properties of expanded perlite.
 
 The expansion process also creates one of perlite's
 most distinguishing characteristics: its white
 color.
 While the crude perlite rock may range from
 transparent to light gray to glossy black, the color
 of expanded perlite ranges from snowy white to
 grayish
 white.
 
 Expanded perlite can be manufactured to weigh from 2
 lbs/ft3 (32 kg/m3) to 15 lb/ft3 (240 kg/m3) making
 it
 adaptable for numerous uses, including filtration,
 horticultural applications, insulation, inert
 carriers
 and a multitude of filler applications.
 
 
 --- Guag Meister [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 
  Hi All ;
  
  Could I ask a stupid question?  What is Perlite?
  
  Best Regards,
  Peter G.
  Thailand
  
  --- Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED]
  wrote:
  
   Hi Martin
   
   Hi Keith et al,
   I used Perlite mixed with refractory cement in
 my
   aluminum casting 
   furnace. The walls saw temperatures surpassing
   2000F, it was working 
   well. The mixture was 50/50, and the perlite is
   very light-weight, 
   reducing the overall mass of the structure.
   --
   Martin K
   
   Perlite gives very similar results to rice husk
  ash.
   Michael Allen 
   and I discussed Perlite in this context when I
  made
   that page on rice 
   husk ash. You used the same ratio of cement as I
  do
   with RHA, after 
   trying it 20 different ways in tests.
   
   Regards
   
   Keith
   
   
   
   Keith Addison wrote:
   Hi Doug
   
   Nothing to do with soap, but do you know about
   this?
   
  
 

http://journeytoforever.org/at_woodstove-allen.html
   Rice-husk stoves - Appropriate technology:
  Journey
   to Forever
   
   This stuff is great! We're using it to build
   charcoal-burning 
   stoves, it's an excellent insulator. Have a
 look
   at this picture:
   
  
 http://journeytoforever.org/bflpics/rhahand2.jpg
   
   Those coals are really hot!
   
   Reduced strength, as you say, but we find that
 a
   mix of 1:3 up to 
   1:1 cement to rice husk ash by weight is
 pretty
   strong, and since 
   the RHA is much lighter than the cement, in
 fact
   you don't use a 
   lot of cement. It's a bit like pumice or
   something. Doesn't weigh 
   very much.
   
   The rice husk burner works very well, but if
 you
   want to put it in 
   a 55-gal/200 litre oil drum, as we did, you'll
   have to make the 
   cage slightly smaller.
   
   
   Hi,
   I am searching for information on making
  aerated
   concrete. For those
   interested, basically foam is added to a
 mortar
   mix, and the 
   mortar can be up
   to double the quantity, with reduced
 strength,
   but added insulation.
   This is achieved with an organic soap (from
  what
   I have found), but I was
   wondering if anyone had seen info on using
 home
   made soap?
   
  
 

http://pelagic.wavyhill.xsmail.com/cellcrete_how.html
   is a site 
   I found with
   a home made processor
   
From my search on the web, protein
   hydrolisation seems to be the 
   soap/additive
   that is used for making the foam. I have not
   found any more info on how this
   is made though.
   
   Can anyone help me??
   
   regards Doug
   
   (I am interested in making tilt up concrete
   panels for a building.)
   
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re: [Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution

2005-02-15 Thread DHAJOGLO

Knoton,

Try googling the following:

Constitution Restoration Act

which was introduced in both houses of the U.S. Congress one year ago
this month.

I found the text of this act and some things about it.  Am I right in thinking 
that they are trying to make god's law part of our constitutional law?

-dave




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Re: [Biofuel] Thank you Keith The Indian Seed Act and Patent Act:

2005-02-15 Thread DHAJOGLO

Phil and Keith,

Dear Keith - Excellent article and have not posted
awhile because of my new job.   I will read and
re-read this article.   I hope our lawmakers take time
to really study the issues. I studied Plants and Plant
Genetics and Plant Taxonomy (Dendrology) as
undergraduate. The issue of seeds and hybrid vigor was
a great discussion in the early days (1970s). Things
have changes so much since that time.


My very pesimistic outlook on legislation like this is that the legislators are 
in the pockets of industry which seeks to patent and license just about 
everything.  This is very evident in the field of computers and software.

Putting this together with GM research (not the least of which is the 
Terminator) it follows that industry seeks to control every facit of every 
industry.  Its the ultimate form of capitalism and extortion (synonyms?).

-dave




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re: [Biofuel] BioD test batches

2005-02-15 Thread DHAJOGLO

Dana,

1 ltr new safeway brand canola oil in 2 ltr PET bottle

4.9g KOH in 200ml methanol

Heated in water bath to about 140F

Shaken for about 5 mins then every 10-15 mins for the next two hours

Result:  good separation but the BD layer is milky



Test batch 2



1 ltr new safeway brand canola oil in 2 ltr PET bottle

9g KOH in 200ml methanol

Heated in water bath to about 140F

Mixed in blender for 20 mins then poured back into pet bottle to settle

Result:  same as batch 1 only faster



   I will cross reference your methoxide mix with my numbers as I have 
undertaken the same experiments comparing different processes (batch, two 
stage, acid base).  However, from my experiences, my biod is cloudy after 1 
hour of stiring but will settle out rather well over night (12+ hours).  
Furthermore, after seperation I let it settle another day (I get some more glyc 
on the bottom of the glass flask).  By this time its quite clear.



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Re: [Biofuel] Biorefinary ,Big blues and Globalization

2005-02-15 Thread francisco j burgos


thanks again.
My stepdoughter came in my asistance and said the same magic words, kids are 
very good in this business.

Tks.
Francisco

- Original Message - 
From: Appal Energy [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Tuesday, February 15, 2005 2:37 AM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Biorefinary ,Big blues and Globalization



Francisco,

Hit the Full Size hot link. After it loads, drag the mouse over the 
image.

A small icon should pop up if you're using a recent version of Windoze
Explorer. Click on it and the image should appear full size.

Or just go to View on the toolbar and hit View Fullscreen.

Voila!!!

Todd Swearingen

- Original Message - 
From: francisco j burgos [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 10:03 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Biorefinary ,Big blues and Globalization



Attention: Mr.Todd Swearingen

Dear Mr. Swearingen:
many, many thanks for your prompt replay and valuable information.
Yes, I agree with you... in my case I am willing to pay the fair price 
for pertinent plans.

By the way, my PC ought to have a problem since can not Full-size image.
Yours truly,
Francisco J. Burgos

- Original Message - 
From: Appal Energy [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 8:06 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Biorefinary ,Big blues and Globalization



Francisco,

People who have detailed plans for biorefineries in their possession 
have either paid for their copies (which probably means they legally 
aren't allowed to distribute them beyond their own use) or have sweated 
bullets and watched their bank account dwindle developing and having 
them drawn out.


I don't know where you're going to find anyone who's willing to just 
hand you a set of detailed plans out of the kindness of their heart.


On the other hand, you can find a schematic of what is required to 
manufacture biodiesel in a responsible, cradle-to-grave fashion on the 
internet.at  http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_processor9.html


The rest is up to your level of experience with biodiesel and your 
imagination.


Todd Swearingen

- Original Message - 
From: francisco j burgos [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 2:08 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Biorefinary ,Big blues and Globalization



Dear pals:
could you please indicate me where I can find a set of detailed plans, 
isometric drawings, etc., that allow any one in building up a semi- 
industrial  (165 gallon/ batch) biodiesel production unit?.

Thanks,
Francisco J. burgos




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Re: [Biofuel] Fwd: [Stoves] Re: New data on ethanol stove

2005-02-15 Thread Keith Addison





  As  fifty porcent  alcohol  distillation can be very easily
done by fuel wood and  solar energy , Anil  alcohol stove is an  very
interesting  an  more important his achievements .
And also very good  Keith bring this work here .

  Surely  the ethanol  made in India  used  as food , leading to
health problem  ca be  used very easily to solve the  fuel  problems
of rural areas

 One thing I am not very clear after going through  this  stove
design  is  that   how  is  the pressure  obtained  in the tank .Is
it done   manually as that of many  kerosene stove  or need  any other
device .
Can any one reply.

sd
Pannir Selvam


Why don't you ask him, Pan? I'm sure he'd like to hear from you in 
Brazil. Here's a previous message:


http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/BIOFUEL/41084/
Fwd: [Stoves] Forwrding enthanol stove

Email:
Anil K. Rajvanshi
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
[EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED]

WWW

http://nariphaltan.virtualave.net
http://www.nariphaltan.org


But I'm sure you're right, it's a manual pressure pump like you get 
on the kerosene pressure stoves (roarers) - it looks like exactly the 
same pump, as well as the fller cap and pressure release that' on our 
kero roarer from India (which we use with biodiesel), and that 
would make sense, to utilise existing technology that everyone is 
already familiar with. The pressure regulator and flame regulating 
valve are new to me though.


Best wishes

Keith



On Tue, 15 Feb 2005 18:16:13 +0900, Keith Addison
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 Date: Tue, 15 Feb 2005 08:40:53 +0500
 From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 To: Andrew Heggie [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Subject: [Stoves] Re: New data on ethanol stove
 
 Hello!
 
 Our ethanol stove site has new data from user's of the stove in
 rural areas. http://nariphaltan.virtualave.net/ethstove.pdf
 
 Cheers. Anil K. Rajvanshi
 
 Anil K Rajvanshi
 Director
 Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute
 P.O.Box 44, Phaltan 415523
 Maharashtra, India
 
 Ph: 02166-222396/220945
 Fax: 02166-220945
 
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--
Pagandai V Pannirselvam
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN
Departamento de Engenharia Qu’mica - DEQ
Centro de Tecnologia - CT
Programa de P—s Gradua‹o em Engenharia Qu’mica - PPGEQ
Grupo de Pesquisa em Engenharia de Custos - GPEC

Av. Senador Salgado Filho, Campus Universit‡rio
CEP 59.072-970 , Natal/RN - Brasil

Residence :
Av  Odilon gome de lima, 2951,
  Q6/Bl.G/Apt 102
  Capim  Macio
EP 59.078-400 , Natal/RN - Brasil

Telefone(fax) ( 84 ) 215-3770 Ramal20
   2171557
Telefone(fax) ( 84 ) 215-3770 Ramal20
2171557


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Re: [Biofuel] Soap aerated concrete

2005-02-15 Thread Keith Addison



Perlite is made from a siliceous volcanic rock for  horticultural use 
and also for insulation. When heated to a suitable point in its 
softening range, it expands from four to twenty times its original 
volume. This expansion is due to the presence of two to six percent 
combined water in the crude perlite rock. When quickly heated to 
above 1600¡F (871¡C), the crude rock pops in a manner similar to 
popcorn as the combined water vaporizes and creates countless tiny 
bubbles which account for the amazing light weight and other 
exceptional physical properties of expanded perlite.


So it's very similar to rice husk ash, which, when properly prepared, 
consists mainly of myriad tiny glass bubbles.


A major difference is that Perlite is a product, rice husk is one of 
the world's most underutilised waste materials.


Perlite is very fragile and makes an unpleasant dust. Wear a 
breathing mask. Reject perlite of a suitable  grade can often be 
obtained free of charge (or at low cost) from the manufacturers.


Best wishes

Keith



Perlites and found with the Borates and all part of
the volcanic geological evolution. We have a lot of
Perlites in our Sierra Nevadas in California. Same
with borates (borax).  Borates, perlites, colemanites,
- all that stuff can be found anywhere you have an
escarpment of raised mountains due to ancient volcanic
magma scarns and earthquake activity especially next
to an arid desert bowl.

What is Perlite?
http://www.perlite.info/hbk/0034409.htm
Perlite is not a trade name but a generic term for
naturally occurring siliceous volcanic rock. The
distinguishing feature which sets perlite apart from
other volcanic glasses is that when heated to a
suitable point in its softening range, it expands from
four to twenty times its original volume.

This expansion process is due to the presence of two
to six percent combined water in the crude perlite
rock. When quickly heated to above 1600 F (870 C) the
crude rock pops in a manner similar to popcorn as the
combined water vaporizes and creates countless tiny
bubbles in the softened glassy particles. It is these
tiny glass-sealed bubbles which account for the
amazing lightweight and other exceptional physical
properties of expanded perlite.

The expansion process also creates one of perlite's
most distinguishing characteristics: its white color.
While the crude perlite rock may range from
transparent to light gray to glossy black, the color
of expanded perlite ranges from snowy white to grayish
white.

Expanded perlite can be manufactured to weigh from 2
lbs/ft3 (32 kg/m3) to 15 lb/ft3 (240 kg/m3) making it
adaptable for numerous uses, including filtration,
horticultural applications, insulation, inert carriers
and a multitude of filler applications.


--- Guag Meister [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 Hi All ;

 Could I ask a stupid question?  What is Perlite?

 Best Regards,
 Peter G.
 Thailand

 --- Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 wrote:

  Hi Martin
 
  Hi Keith et al,
  I used Perlite mixed with refractory cement in my
  aluminum casting
  furnace. The walls saw temperatures surpassing
  2000F, it was working
  well. The mixture was 50/50, and the perlite is
  very light-weight,
  reducing the overall mass of the structure.
  --
  Martin K
 
  Perlite gives very similar results to rice husk
 ash.
  Michael Allen
  and I discussed Perlite in this context when I
 made
  that page on rice
  husk ash. You used the same ratio of cement as I
 do
  with RHA, after
  trying it 20 different ways in tests.
 
  Regards
 
  Keith
 
 
 
  Keith Addison wrote:
  Hi Doug
  
  Nothing to do with soap, but do you know about
  this?
  
 

http://journeytoforever.org/at_woodstove-allen.html
  Rice-husk stoves - Appropriate technology:
 Journey
  to Forever
  
  This stuff is great! We're using it to build
  charcoal-burning
  stoves, it's an excellent insulator. Have a look
  at this picture:
  
  http://journeytoforever.org/bflpics/rhahand2.jpg
  
  Those coals are really hot!
  
  Reduced strength, as you say, but we find that a
  mix of 1:3 up to
  1:1 cement to rice husk ash by weight is pretty
  strong, and since
  the RHA is much lighter than the cement, in fact
  you don't use a
  lot of cement. It's a bit like pumice or
  something. Doesn't weigh
  very much.
  
  The rice husk burner works very well, but if you
  want to put it in
  a 55-gal/200 litre oil drum, as we did, you'll
  have to make the
  cage slightly smaller.
  
  
  Hi,
  I am searching for information on making
 aerated
  concrete. For those
  interested, basically foam is added to a mortar
  mix, and the
  mortar can be up
  to double the quantity, with reduced strength,
  but added insulation.
  This is achieved with an organic soap (from
 what
  I have found), but I was
  wondering if anyone had seen info on using home
  made soap?
  
 

http://pelagic.wavyhill.xsmail.com/cellcrete_how.html
  is a site
  I found with
  a home made processor
  
   From my search on the web, protein

[Biofuel] The Secret History of Lead

2005-02-15 Thread Keith Addison


The Secret History of Lead
March 20, 2000
SPECIAL REPORT
by JAMIE LINCOLN KITMAN

PDF:
http://www.globalleadnet.org/pdf/TheSecretHistoryofLead.pdf


Fuels and Society
A. How Fuels were Developed for the Automobile
http://chemcases.com/fuels/index.htm#The Chemistry
B. How We Allowed Toxic Lead to Fluorish in the Worldwide Gasoline 
Supply for Sixty Years

http://chemcases.com/tel/index.htm
C. Gasoline Today - The Changes that Affect Cost and Supply
http://chemcases.com/converter/index.htm


http://www.globalhemp.com/Archives/Essays/Biofuel/fuel.shtml
Henry Ford, Charles Kettering and The Fuel Of The Future
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Re: [Biofuel] Re: US Diesel Options

2005-02-15 Thread Legal Eagle



Word to the wise; when you start burning B100 in your benz be aware that 
there is a screen sediment filter *inside* the tank that will gum up with 
the loosening crud from the dino. It looks like this: 
http://oem.overnightautoparts.com/parts/overnightautoparts/viewImage.jsp?image=img.overnightautoparts.com/live/E101087062MEY.JPG
IMO it would be a good idea to strip the screening from the one you have and 
install an exterior in-line fliter at the tank's outlet. That way when it 
does gum up (and it will) you only have to spen a couple minutes on yor back 
to change it instead of having the car towed and the tank emptied out. This 
may occur a couple times. It cost me a bundle to learn this one.
As for slowness in a Benz turbo of the 300 class, you have a thingy called 
the Alda that can be tweaked. How to tweak:

http://users.vnet.net/w123d/w123d/adla.htm
Benz's of that age bracket are particularly fond of biodiesel, mine sure is 
and I have a 1983 240D 4 speed manual (no Alda to tweak unfortunately)
which *might* win a race with a little old lady in a wheel chair, but we 
enjoy it, class act. If the wagon is available for $3,000.00 and is in good 
shape jump on it. You could do a lot worse.

Luc

- Original Message - 
From: Chris [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 6:34 PM
Subject: [Biofuel] Re: US Diesel Options



Add to the '81-'85 Mercedes list: the wagon, the 300TD.

'85 was the last year for the 5 cyl all cast iron motor.  I searching for 
one to buy for my personal biodiesel project, I ran across a very nice 
well-maintained one in Allentown, PA.  It is still for sale $3000.  Email 
[EMAIL PROTECTED] for more info.


I just bought one locally and will keep the list updated as I move from 
test batches to the real thing.


And no, they aren't slow.  If it is slow it is not working properly.  As 
much pick-up as a gas Volvo 240.  OK, a little slow.


Chris Kueny
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Re: [Biofuel] Glycerin soap making

2005-02-15 Thread Legal Eagle


the other night having a good look through it. Simple and efficient. maybe I 
could make some ethanol (vodka) for tinctures :-) or a fuel additive, 
hehe.

Luc
- Original Message - 
From: JD2005 [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Tuesday, February 15, 2005 5:22 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Glycerin soap making




- Original Message -
From: Legal Eagle

G'day JD;

Using a simple to make condenser. There is an example at the bottom of 
the

5

gallon processor at JtF
http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_processor5.html . I have just

finished

one of these and am hooking it up to a pressure cooker. This is yet
experimental, so don't run out and do it. The first use worked so so.


Is this the same as the absolute alcohol process?Alcohol from 
methanol.

Or is that something different again?


JD2005


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Re: [Biofuel] Rice Husks, Was Perlite, was Soap aerated concrete

2005-02-15 Thread Phillip Wolfe

Keith, Thanks for the info on rice husks as one of the
world's most under-utilized waste materials. I imagine
the Rice Cooperative in California knows a lot about
rice husks.  I plan to read more about rice  husks. 
All new to methanks again. 

Phillip Wolfe
--- Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 Hello Phillip, Peter
 
 Perlite is made from a siliceous volcanic rock for 
 horticultural use 
 and also for insulation. When heated to a suitable
 point in its 
 softening range, it expands from four to twenty
 times its original 
 volume. This expansion is due to the presence of two
 to six percent 
 combined water in the crude perlite rock. When
 quickly heated to 
 above 1600°F (871°C), the crude rock pops in a
 manner similar to 
 popcorn as the combined water vaporizes and creates
 countless tiny 
 bubbles which account for the amazing light weight
 and other 
 exceptional physical properties of expanded
 perlite.
 
 So it's very similar to rice husk ash, which, when
 properly prepared, 
 consists mainly of myriad tiny glass bubbles.
 
 A major difference is that Perlite is a product,
 rice husk is one of 
 the world's most underutilised waste materials.
 
 Perlite is very fragile and makes an unpleasant
 dust. Wear a 
 breathing mask. Reject perlite of a suitable  grade
 can often be 
 obtained free of charge (or at low cost) from the
 manufacturers.
 
 Best wishes
 
 Keith
 
 
 Perlites and found with the Borates and all part of
 the volcanic geological evolution. We have a lot of
 Perlites in our Sierra Nevadas in California. Same
 with borates (borax).  Borates, perlites,
 colemanites,
 - all that stuff can be found anywhere you have an
 escarpment of raised mountains due to ancient
 volcanic
 magma scarns and earthquake activity especially
 next
 to an arid desert bowl.
 
 What is Perlite?
 http://www.perlite.info/hbk/0034409.htm
 Perlite is not a trade name but a generic term for
 naturally occurring siliceous volcanic rock. The
 distinguishing feature which sets perlite apart
 from
 other volcanic glasses is that when heated to a
 suitable point in its softening range, it expands
 from
 four to twenty times its original volume.
 
 This expansion process is due to the presence of
 two
 to six percent combined water in the crude perlite
 rock. When quickly heated to above 1600 F (870 C)
 the
 crude rock pops in a manner similar to popcorn as
 the
 combined water vaporizes and creates countless tiny
 bubbles in the softened glassy particles. It is
 these
 tiny glass-sealed bubbles which account for the
 amazing lightweight and other exceptional physical
 properties of expanded perlite.
 
 The expansion process also creates one of perlite's
 most distinguishing characteristics: its white
 color.
 While the crude perlite rock may range from
 transparent to light gray to glossy black, the
 color
 of expanded perlite ranges from snowy white to
 grayish
 white.
 
 Expanded perlite can be manufactured to weigh from
 2
 lbs/ft3 (32 kg/m3) to 15 lb/ft3 (240 kg/m3) making
 it
 adaptable for numerous uses, including filtration,
 horticultural applications, insulation, inert
 carriers
 and a multitude of filler applications.
 
 
 --- Guag Meister [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 
   Hi All ;
  
   Could I ask a stupid question?  What is Perlite?
  
   Best Regards,
   Peter G.
   Thailand
  
   --- Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED]
   wrote:
  
Hi Martin
   
Hi Keith et al,
I used Perlite mixed with refractory cement
 in my
aluminum casting
furnace. The walls saw temperatures
 surpassing
2000F, it was working
well. The mixture was 50/50, and the perlite
 is
very light-weight,
reducing the overall mass of the structure.
--
Martin K
   
Perlite gives very similar results to rice
 husk
   ash.
Michael Allen
and I discussed Perlite in this context when I
   made
that page on rice
husk ash. You used the same ratio of cement as
 I
   do
with RHA, after
trying it 20 different ways in tests.
   
Regards
   
Keith
   
   
   
Keith Addison wrote:
Hi Doug

Nothing to do with soap, but do you know
 about
this?

   
  
 

http://journeytoforever.org/at_woodstove-allen.html
Rice-husk stoves - Appropriate technology:
   Journey
to Forever

This stuff is great! We're using it to build
charcoal-burning
stoves, it's an excellent insulator. Have a
 look
at this picture:

   
 http://journeytoforever.org/bflpics/rhahand2.jpg

Those coals are really hot!

Reduced strength, as you say, but we find
 that a
mix of 1:3 up to
1:1 cement to rice husk ash by weight is
 pretty
strong, and since
the RHA is much lighter than the cement, in
 fact
you don't use a
lot of cement. It's a bit like pumice or
something. Doesn't weigh
very much.

The rice husk burner works very well, but if
 you
want to put it in
a 55-gal/200 litre oil drum, as we did,
 

Re: [Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution

2005-02-15 Thread Legal Eagle


Nice of you to denigrate CHRISTians like that . We are not X anything 
thank you very much. Either learn some respect or please keep your crap to 
yourself. You don't have to agree, but you don't get to denigrate either. 
Someone had a whack at sacred cows a while back, you should have learned 
from that.

Luc
- Original Message - 
From: Ken Provost [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 11:34 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution



on 2/14/05 6:38 PM, knoton at [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:


Our Godless Constitution
by BROOKE ALLEN
[from the February 21, 2005 issue]





http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20050221s=allen





A breath of fresh air -- thanks! Having been an
unabashed atheist for 90% of my long life, it's
great to know that my hero Tom Jefferson wasn't
even a real Deist (as I've always been taught),
much less an X-tian like our rulers would have you
believe. 'Course Tom has almost been drummed out
of the Founding Father's Klub already, and our
Revolution has been renamed the War of Independ-
ence for decades now..

-K

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[Biofuel] Biodiesel on State Legislative Agendas

2005-02-15 Thread Dave Shaw

Biodiesel on State Legislative Agendas


As many as 27 state legislatures will consider biodiesel initiatives
this year, predicts National Biodiesel Board analyst Scott Hughes in a
story on Illinois Ag Connection. In 2004, 27 biodiesel-related laws were
passed from 130 biodiesel proposals introduced. In 2005, 45 pieces of
legislation have already been introduced in a total of 18 states. The
state initiatives join federal efforts to promote biofuels use. 


URL: http://www.illinoisagconnection.com/story-state.cfm?Id=80
http://rs6.net/tn.jsp?t=7uzwu7aab.0.pymlu7aab.obx6zyn6.740p=http%3A%2F
%2Fwww.illinoisagconnection.com%2Fstory-state.cfm%3FId%3D80%26yr%3D2005
yr=2005

 
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Re: [Biofuel] Rice Husks, email wWas Perlite, was Soap aerated concrete

2005-02-15 Thread Phillip Wolfe

Keith:  I checked the California Rice Commission
website http://www.calrice.org/a5_ricestraw.htm and
only found an arctile on rice straw. Looks like
rice straw also in need of alternative uses cause
they used to burn it but affected air quality.  I
will do more search on rice husks.

thanks

Phillip Wolfe



Wolfe [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 Keith, Thanks for the info on rice husks as one of
 the
 world's most under-utilized waste materials. I
 imagine
 the Rice Cooperative in California knows a lot about
 rice husks.  I plan to read more about rice  husks. 
 All new to methanks again. 
 
 Phillip Wolfe
 --- Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 wrote:
 
  Hello Phillip, Peter
  
  Perlite is made from a siliceous volcanic rock for
 
  horticultural use 
  and also for insulation. When heated to a
 suitable
  point in its 
  softening range, it expands from four to twenty
  times its original 
  volume. This expansion is due to the presence of
 two
  to six percent 
  combined water in the crude perlite rock. When
  quickly heated to 
  above 1600°F (871°C), the crude rock pops in a
  manner similar to 
  popcorn as the combined water vaporizes and
 creates
  countless tiny 
  bubbles which account for the amazing light weight
  and other 
  exceptional physical properties of expanded
  perlite.
  
  So it's very similar to rice husk ash, which, when
  properly prepared, 
  consists mainly of myriad tiny glass bubbles.
  
  A major difference is that Perlite is a product,
  rice husk is one of 
  the world's most underutilised waste materials.
  
  Perlite is very fragile and makes an unpleasant
  dust. Wear a 
  breathing mask. Reject perlite of a suitable 
 grade
  can often be 
  obtained free of charge (or at low cost) from the
  manufacturers.
  
  Best wishes
  
  Keith
  
  
  Perlites and found with the Borates and all part
 of
  the volcanic geological evolution. We have a lot
 of
  Perlites in our Sierra Nevadas in California.
 Same
  with borates (borax).  Borates, perlites,
  colemanites,
  - all that stuff can be found anywhere you have
 an
  escarpment of raised mountains due to ancient
  volcanic
  magma scarns and earthquake activity especially
  next
  to an arid desert bowl.
  
  What is Perlite?
  http://www.perlite.info/hbk/0034409.htm
  Perlite is not a trade name but a generic term
 for
  naturally occurring siliceous volcanic rock. The
  distinguishing feature which sets perlite apart
  from
  other volcanic glasses is that when heated to a
  suitable point in its softening range, it expands
  from
  four to twenty times its original volume.
  
  This expansion process is due to the presence of
  two
  to six percent combined water in the crude
 perlite
  rock. When quickly heated to above 1600 F (870 C)
  the
  crude rock pops in a manner similar to popcorn as
  the
  combined water vaporizes and creates countless
 tiny
  bubbles in the softened glassy particles. It is
  these
  tiny glass-sealed bubbles which account for the
  amazing lightweight and other exceptional
 physical
  properties of expanded perlite.
  
  The expansion process also creates one of
 perlite's
  most distinguishing characteristics: its white
  color.
  While the crude perlite rock may range from
  transparent to light gray to glossy black, the
  color
  of expanded perlite ranges from snowy white to
  grayish
  white.
  
  Expanded perlite can be manufactured to weigh
 from
  2
  lbs/ft3 (32 kg/m3) to 15 lb/ft3 (240 kg/m3)
 making
  it
  adaptable for numerous uses, including
 filtration,
  horticultural applications, insulation, inert
  carriers
  and a multitude of filler applications.
  
  
  --- Guag Meister [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
  
Hi All ;
   
Could I ask a stupid question?  What is
 Perlite?
   
Best Regards,
Peter G.
Thailand
   
--- Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED]
wrote:
   
 Hi Martin

 Hi Keith et al,
 I used Perlite mixed with refractory cement
  in my
 aluminum casting
 furnace. The walls saw temperatures
  surpassing
 2000F, it was working
 well. The mixture was 50/50, and the
 perlite
  is
 very light-weight,
 reducing the overall mass of the structure.
 --
 Martin K

 Perlite gives very similar results to rice
  husk
ash.
 Michael Allen
 and I discussed Perlite in this context when
 I
made
 that page on rice
 husk ash. You used the same ratio of cement
 as
  I
do
 with RHA, after
 trying it 20 different ways in tests.

 Regards

 Keith



 Keith Addison wrote:
 Hi Doug
 
 Nothing to do with soap, but do you know
  about
 this?
 

   
  
 

http://journeytoforever.org/at_woodstove-allen.html
 Rice-husk stoves - Appropriate technology:
Journey
 to Forever
 
 This stuff is great! We're using it to
 build
 charcoal-burning
 stoves, it's an excellent insulator. Have
 a
  look
 
=== message 

Re: [Biofuel] question's

2005-02-15 Thread Legal Eagle



You can't. The car is crap, but I will gladly take it off your hands :-) 
Just is jest. Good car, by the way.


- Original Message - 
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 6:45 PM
Subject: [Biofuel] question's


I was wondering if someone could help me find out how I can convert my 1980 
Mercedes 300sd Turbo Diesel to biodiesel ?


You need to do nothing to it, it will love the B100 as is, however there are 
things you need to be aware of concerning the filters ect.


I have been doing some research but have not been able to find out what I 
need to do to the vehicle itself.


Nothing. The only converting that could be done is if you wanted to run 
SVO (Straight Vegetable Oil) or WVO (Waste Vegetable Oil) directly in it, 
but biodiesel is fully compatible to any percentage with your car. You 
*might* experience some rubber hose failure, although this is not a 
guarentee.


I am very new to all of this but am very interested in making it work it 
sounds so sensible I can't believe more people aren't aware of this 
alternative.


We're working on it :-)

I live in S.F.- Bay Area  so if anyone has information for this area I 
would appreciate it.


The beginning: http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make.html

Luc


Thankyou. Dina
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Re: [Biofuel] Glycerin soap making

2005-02-15 Thread JD2005


- Original Message -
From: Legal Eagle
 G'day JD;

 Using a simple to make condenser. There is an example at the bottom of the
5
 gallon processor at JtF
 http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_processor5.html . I have just
finished
 one of these and am hooking it up to a pressure cooker. This is yet
 experimental, so don't run out and do it. The first use worked so so.

Is this the same as the absolute alcohol process?Alcohol from methanol.
Or is that something different again?


JD2005


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Re: [Biofuel] Re: New member introduction

2005-02-15 Thread Legal Eagle



Those of us who have a weathered Benz wouldn't think of going any other way. 
It must be one of those things.

Luc
- Original Message - 
From: Doug [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Tuesday, February 15, 2005 1:17 AM
Subject: [Biofuel] Re: New member introduction



On Monday, February 14, 2005, at 11:38  AM, jh wrote:


Your other choice is an old school MB but since some of them barely
break 30 mpg and are glacially slow, I might just get a newer Ford Focus 
gasser that gets 35 mpg.


30 mpg for a very heavy, very safe/solid 4-dr sedan running on any form of 
Bio-diesel is one hell of a lot preferable to ANY 'gasser' @ 35 mpg. I was 
always impressed with the 30+ miles/gallon my 1980 300D gave me.


In addition this 59 yr old life-long car-freak will state without 
hesitation, that the 300D was THE best car I've ever driven. The best 
handling, the safest, the most road-worthy by far. I'm not a reluctant or 
slow driver. I was warned I'd not be satisfied with the Mercedes because 
it would be slow. I never was!! I pushed the (#*%%*^$ out of that car 
and was always happy with the performance. It's a heavy, well-made diesel 
torgue-monster - it can take it. In addition, mine wasn't even the 
turbo-diesel!


I'm now looking for another - the best I can find to replace my newer gas 
Mercedes.


These babies are not only a smart buy for bio-fuel folk, but they are 
nothing less than the best cars on the road!  (o.k. I have a bias).


Also, they imported some MB diesels in the mid-late nineties. Again... 
great cars!


Doug Smith

P.S. By the way, the Mitsubishi Coup that slammed into me from behind and 
drove me totally through a major intersection... was destroyed all the way 
up to the windshield. My 300D was totally unscathed! The only sign of 
being hit was a few pieces of glass embedded in the hard rubber on the 
back bumper! Can a Focus take that?

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Re: [Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution

2005-02-15 Thread Hakan Falk



G'day Ken;
Nice of you to denigrate CHRISTians like that . We are not X anything 
thank you very much. Either learn some respect or please keep your crap to 
yourself. You don't have to agree, but you don't get to denigrate either. 
Someone had a whack at sacred cows a while back, you should have learned 
from that.

Luc
- Original Message - From: Ken Provost [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 11:34 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution



on 2/14/05 6:38 PM, knoton at [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:


Our Godless Constitution
by BROOKE ALLEN
[from the February 21, 2005 issue]





http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20050221s=allen




A breath of fresh air -- thanks! Having been an
unabashed atheist for 90% of my long life, it's
great to know that my hero Tom Jefferson wasn't
even a real Deist (as I've always been taught),
much less an X-tian like our rulers would have you
believe. 'Course Tom has almost been drummed out
of the Founding Father's Klub already, and our
Revolution has been renamed the War of Independ-
ence for decades now..

-K



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Re: [Biofuel] ethanol stove and barbeque

2005-02-15 Thread Legal Eagle



An ethanol BBQ ? You do know what you are doing right ? This is not a gas 
gas, it is a liquid gas, like gasoline, and in fact can be substituted for 
gasoline in many applications.
Wanna know how to build a still? http://www.moonshine-still.com/ How to, 
step by step. The legalisms are your responsibility.

CCRA eh ? Hope it goes well for you. $5,000.00 eh? Ouch !
Luc
PS; Beautiful puppies. Mine was a blend of Golden with Rottweiler.He is 
missed.


- Original Message - 
From: John Wilson [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Tuesday, February 15, 2005 8:40 AM
Subject: [Biofuel] ethanol stove and barbeque



Hi,
 New to the list so I have a lot of catching up to do.. The ethanol
barbeque that I am working on uses wate from restaurants to make the mash
ie potato peelings and apple peelings . The still is a used eletric hot
water heater with two elements one on the bottom and one on the top should
make control  of the temperature a snap. Still waiting for exise Canada to
give me a permit. to try it. At the last go they said they will require a
$5000.00 bond before I am able to try it. The barbeque itself will be
modified. I plan to take the tank apart and put a pipe in it so that the
alchol is drawn off from the bottom. I will put an air valve in the top 
and

use an existing compressor or a 12 volt air compressor set to maintain at
5-15 lbs in the tank. Exise Canada said they will get back to me at the 
end

of February.
Yours truly
John Wilson
Goldens
***
Wilsonia Farm Kennel Preserve

Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Ph-Fax (902)665-2386)

Web: http://www3.ns.sympatico.ca/goldens/new.htm
Pups: http://www3.ns.sympatico.ca/goldens/pup.htm
Politics: http://www3.ns.sympatico.ca/goldens/elect.htm
 http://www3.ns.sympatico.ca/goldens/c68.htm


In Nova Scotia smoking permitted in designated areas only until 9:00 PM .
After 9:00 it is okey to kill everyone.


^^^

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Re: [Biofuel] Thank you Keith The Indian Seed Act and Patent Act:

2005-02-15 Thread Legal Eagle


Luc
- Original Message - 
From: DHAJOGLO [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Tuesday, February 15, 2005 2:53 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Thank you Keith The Indian Seed Act and Patent Act:


Phil and Keith,


Dear Keith - Excellent article and have not posted
awhile because of my new job.   I will read and
re-read this article.   I hope our lawmakers take time
to really study the issues. I studied Plants and Plant
Genetics and Plant Taxonomy (Dendrology) as
undergraduate. The issue of seeds and hybrid vigor was
a great discussion in the early days (1970s). Things
have changes so much since that time.



My very pesimistic outlook on legislation like this is that the legislators 
are in the pockets of industry which seeks to patent and license just about 
everything.  This is very evident in the field of computers and software.


Putting this together with GM research (not the least of which is the 
Terminator) it follows that industry seeks to control every facit of every 
industry.  Its the ultimate form of capitalism and extortion (synonyms?).


-dave




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[Biofuel] Biodiesel on State Legislative Agendas

2005-02-15 Thread Dave Shaw

Biodiesel on State Legislative Agendas


As many as 27 state legislatures will consider biodiesel initiatives
this year, predicts National Biodiesel Board analyst Scott Hughes in a
story on Illinois Ag Connection. In 2004, 27 biodiesel-related laws were
passed from 130 biodiesel proposals introduced. In 2005, 45 pieces of
legislation have already been introduced in a total of 18 states. The
state initiatives join federal efforts to promote biofuels use. 


URL: http://www.illinoisagconnection.com/story-state.cfm?Id=80
http://rs6.net/tn.jsp?t=7uzwu7aab.0.pymlu7aab.obx6zyn6.740p=http%3A%2F
%2Fwww.illinoisagconnection.com%2Fstory-state.cfm%3FId%3D80%26yr%3D2005
yr=2005

 
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Re: [Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution

2005-02-15 Thread Hakan Falk


Luc,

Sorry but my earlier reply was sent by itself and without following comment.

You are right, but I think that many Christians also should learn respect 
or please keep their crap for them self. It is numerous times that I met 
representatives for the Christian religion, that in an abusive way promote 
their religion and demand respect for it, without them self having any 
respect for what others belive in. This I say, even because my denomination 
would officially and by birth be Christian protestant.


I am sorry, but I fail to see in what way Ken did not show respect, he 
declared what be belive and did a general comment about religious variant 
in general. In mathematics X stand for unknown denomination and I think 
that in this case it was meant as such.


Why are you so upset by not being especially mentioned, was it the lack of 
attention to your specific case?


Hakan
X-tian or whatever.


At 11:07 PM 2/15/2005, you wrote:

G'day Ken;
Nice of you to denigrate CHRISTians like that . We are not X anything 
thank you very much. Either learn some respect or please keep your crap to 
yourself. You don't have to agree, but you don't get to denigrate either. 
Someone had a whack at sacred cows a while back, you should have learned 
from that.

Luc
- Original Message - From: Ken Provost [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 11:34 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution



on 2/14/05 6:38 PM, knoton at [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:


Our Godless Constitution
by BROOKE ALLEN
[from the February 21, 2005 issue]





http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20050221s=allen




A breath of fresh air -- thanks! Having been an
unabashed atheist for 90% of my long life, it's
great to know that my hero Tom Jefferson wasn't
even a real Deist (as I've always been taught),
much less an X-tian like our rulers would have you
believe. 'Course Tom has almost been drummed out
of the Founding Father's Klub already, and our
Revolution has been renamed the War of Independ-
ence for decades now..

-K



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Re: [Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution

2005-02-15 Thread Appal Energy



I find your response rather amusing but all too much a double standard..

First of all, if the archives are any indicator, you spend a great deal of 
time bashing your favorite sects du jour.


Second of all, Ken Provost didn't bash christians. He did make note of the 
type of christians who choose to misappropriate the power of public office 
in pursuit of enforcing their theological ideology upon others.


From this vantage point it is an apology owed by you for jumping to sweeping 
conclusions. How you came to them one can only hazard to guess, probably 
with a fair degree of accuracy. You expect or demand respect but don't 
exactly reciprocate. Should others presume that this too is a tenant of your 
religion of choice?


What? A person is allowed to have their opinioin but they aren't allowed to 
express it? What is it about such a double standard that sounds oh so 
Bushwellian? You can hold your opinion, express it, but others are to be 
denegrated for their opinion and expected to remain silent?


If such truly is the case, then someone should take a moment to point out 
your extreme form of hypocrisy.


Why this should even have to be said is beyond me...almost.

Todd Swearingen

- Original Message - 
From: Legal Eagle [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Tuesday, February 15, 2005 5:07 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution



G'day Ken;
Nice of you to denigrate CHRISTians like that . We are not X anything 
thank you very much. Either learn some respect or please keep your crap to 
yourself. You don't have to agree, but you don't get to denigrate either. 
Someone had a whack at sacred cows a while back, you should have learned 
from that.

Luc
- Original Message - 
From: Ken Provost [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, February 14, 2005 11:34 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Our Godless Constitution



on 2/14/05 6:38 PM, knoton at [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:


Our Godless Constitution
by BROOKE ALLEN
[from the February 21, 2005 issue]





http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20050221s=allen





A breath of fresh air -- thanks! Having been an
unabashed atheist for 90% of my long life, it's
great to know that my hero Tom Jefferson wasn't
even a real Deist (as I've always been taught),
much less an X-tian like our rulers would have you
believe. 'Course Tom has almost been drummed out
of the Founding Father's Klub already, and our
Revolution has been renamed the War of Independ-
ence for decades now..

-K

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