Re: [time-nuts] High rate, high precision/accuracy time interval counter methods

2016-05-08 Thread Bruce Griffiths
Another option is to use a low pass filter to increase the transition times of 
the signal to be timestamped and use a pipelined ADC to sample the filter 
output.Perhaps something like the attached filter derived from:
http://bears.ucsb.edu/rad/pubs/conference/MTT_S_2004.pdf
May be effective in that it has near Gaussian response with relatively low out 
of band SWR.

Bruce 

On Monday, 9 May 2016 3:01 PM, David  wrote:
 

 How much will dielectric absorption in the capacitor affect the
accuracy of the result with such a high conversion rate?  I am used to
dealing with it on much longer time scales and higher resolutions.

On Mon, 9 May 2016 01:08:05 +0200, you wrote:

>Am 08.05.2016 um 21:53 schrieb Attila Kinali:
>...
>
>Maybe I was too short. We have control over the charging current source,
>and when we switch it off, the status quo is kept. Then when the ADC is 
>done,
>we can simply short the capacitor in the next clock/s to prepare for the 
>next cycle.
>
>
>Attilla, we could discuss that on a sunny evening in Saarbrücken in a
>beer garden if you like. The season starts :-)
>
>regards, Gerhard
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Re: [time-nuts] High rate, high precision/accuracy time interval counter methods

2016-05-08 Thread Bob Camp
Hi

> On May 8, 2016, at 7:08 PM, Gerhard Hoffmann  wrote:
> 
> Am 08.05.2016 um 21:53 schrieb Attila Kinali:
> ...
> 
> Maybe I was too short. We have control over the charging current source,
> and when we switch it off, the status quo is kept. Then when the ADC is done,
> we can simply short the capacitor in the next clock/s to prepare for the next 
> cycle.
> 
> 
> Attilla, we could discuss that on a sunny evening in Saarbrücken in a
> beer garden if you like. The season starts :-)

… but how about the rest of us :)

Bob

> 
> regards, Gerhard
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Re: [time-nuts] High rate, high precision/accuracy time interval counter methods

2016-05-08 Thread David
How much will dielectric absorption in the capacitor affect the
accuracy of the result with such a high conversion rate?  I am used to
dealing with it on much longer time scales and higher resolutions.

On Mon, 9 May 2016 01:08:05 +0200, you wrote:

>Am 08.05.2016 um 21:53 schrieb Attila Kinali:
>...
>
>Maybe I was too short. We have control over the charging current source,
>and when we switch it off, the status quo is kept. Then when the ADC is 
>done,
>we can simply short the capacitor in the next clock/s to prepare for the 
>next cycle.
>
>
>Attilla, we could discuss that on a sunny evening in Saarbrücken in a
>beer garden if you like. The season starts :-)
>
>regards, Gerhard
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Re: [time-nuts] High rate, high precision/accuracy time interval counter methods

2016-05-08 Thread David
On Sun, 8 May 2016 21:53:56 +0200, you wrote:

>On Wed, 4 May 2016 15:26:37 +0200
>Magnus Danielson  wrote:
>
>> Indeed. ADC conversion speed is not a big issue these days, so the Nutt 
>> style of interpolator is just expensive to parallelize for speed, the 
>> time-to-voltage system is better and should have a much better 
>> recycle-time and thus result in less hardware needs.
>
>True and not true. Yes, there are many ADCs that do high conversion
>rates, but these are optimized for piplined applications where conversion
>happens at a constant rate. Ie they expect a constant conversion clock
>with a constant rate. If you want to trigger conversion at an arbitrary time,
>you either have to build your own sampler or need to  use one of the
>non-pipelined ADCs whic are much slower (IIRC they stop around 5-10Msps
>aka >100ns conversion time). Flash ADCs with direct access to the sampling
>circuitry are basically extinct.
>
>   Attila Kinali

An integrating time to voltage converter effectively is an external
sample and hold so pipelined analog to digital converters are not a
problem except in complexity dealing with their latency.

Huh, Flash ADCs really are almost gone now and I did not even notice.
TI still has some available.

I wonder what the fastest SAR ADCs are now.  Linear Technology is up
to 18 bits and 15 Msps in the same device but if it was the only
option, then its cost would convince me to consider alternative
designs.
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Re: [time-nuts] High rate, high precision/accuracy time interval counter methods

2016-05-08 Thread Bruce Griffiths
Yes, just a synchroniser clocked with the same clock as the ADC.The 
interpolator measures the synchroniser delay by charging the capacitor in the 
interval between the occurrence of the transition to be time stamped and when 
the output of the synchroniser recognises this transition.The ADC samples the 
capacitor voltage on the next clock.In reality the ADC samples its input 
continuously and the relevant sample is flagged by the synchroniser and 
associated logic. 
Buffering the capacitor voltage avoids the need to correct for the effect of 
sampling the capacitor voltage during runup.However the buffer isn't essential 
as long as the correction is made and the ADC input is essentially 
capacitive.The ramp capacitor should be somewhat larger than the ADC input 
capacitance.
Bruce

 

On Monday, 9 May 2016 12:01 PM, Gerhard Hoffmann  wrote:
 

 Am 08.05.2016 um 21:53 schrieb Attila Kinali:


Maybe I was too short. We have control over the charging current source,
and when we switch it off, the status quo is kept. Then when the ADC is 
done,
we can simply short the capacitor in the next clock/s to prepare for the 
next cycle.


Attilla, we could discuss that on a sunny evening in Saarbrücken in a
beer garden if you like. The season starts :-)

regards, Gerhard
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[time-nuts] OCXO phase pops

2016-05-08 Thread Bob Stewart
I started getting phase pops in my testing recently, and I'm pretty sure 
they're from the PRS-45A Cs standard.  Is this likely to go away after it cooks 
some more, or do I need to start looking for a new OCXO?  It's been running 
since January, and has an MTI marked model number 250-0827.  The only thing I 
has as a potential replacement is the 260-0624-C in a spare KS-24361.  I have 
no idea whether they are even close in quality or power/EFC needs.  Oh, and 
when one of these pops happens (usually between 1 and 2ns) the output tracks 
back to where it was, so it doesn't seem like it's a problem with the other 
parts of the PRS.

Bob - AE6RV
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Re: [time-nuts] How to achieve best results from U-Blox survey-in

2016-05-08 Thread Bob Camp
Hi

SBAS is normally turned off for timing because historically it was not 
optimized for timing use. The 
“try it and see” approach tended to show it caused more trouble in a timing 
application than it fixed. 
For survey on an L1 device, it is a good idea to use it. 

Bob

> On May 8, 2016, at 4:32 PM, Pete Stephenson  wrote:
> 
> On Sun, May 8, 2016 at 7:25 PM, Bob Stewart  wrote:
>> Yes, disable all except GPS sats.  Also, turn off SBAS, set your max and min 
>> number of sats (defaults are probably what you want), and the satellite 
>> elevation mask.  The elevation mask defaults to 5, but can you really see 
>> that low?
> 
> Hi Bob,
> 
> Out of curiosity, why would one turn off SBAS? My first instinct is
> that SBAS support could only improve the accuracy of one's fix, as it
> supplies additional correction information that improves on the normal
> GPS signal. I would (perhaps naively) think that enabling SBAS during
> the surveying would improve the results.
> 
> Of course, I could very well be mistaken and would be happy to be
> corrected by those more knowledgeable.
> 
> Cheers!
> -Pete
> 
> -- 
> Pete Stephenson
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Re: [time-nuts] High rate, high precision/accuracy time interval counter methods

2016-05-08 Thread Gerhard Hoffmann

Am 08.05.2016 um 21:53 schrieb Attila Kinali:

True and not true. Yes, there are many ADCs that do high conversion
rates, but these are optimized for piplined applications where conversion
happens at a constant rate. Ie they expect a constant conversion clock
with a constant rate. If you want to trigger conversion at an arbitrary time,
you either have to build your own sampler or need to  use one of the
non-pipelined ADCs whic are much slower (IIRC they stop around 5-10Msps
aka >100ns conversion time). Flash ADCs with direct access to the sampling
circuitry are basically extinct.

You can run the ADC on constant 100 MHz for example. The charged 
capacitor has to wait an
extra  0 to 10 ns until it is read out. That is easy. In a time 
stretcher you must keep the charge and
discharge it in a controlled way in 50 usec, and over that time, bias 
currents etc really

do play a role.

regards, Gerhard


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Re: [time-nuts] High rate, high precision/accuracy time interval counter methods

2016-05-08 Thread Gerhard Hoffmann

Am 08.05.2016 um 21:53 schrieb Attila Kinali:
...

Maybe I was too short. We have control over the charging current source,
and when we switch it off, the status quo is kept. Then when the ADC is 
done,
we can simply short the capacitor in the next clock/s to prepare for the 
next cycle.



Attilla, we could discuss that on a sunny evening in Saarbrücken in a
beer garden if you like. The season starts :-)

regards, Gerhard
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Re: [time-nuts] How to achieve best results from U-Blox survey-in

2016-05-08 Thread Bob Stewart
Hi Pete,

>From Bob Camp's comments, I think you're right.  I hadn't considered survey as 
>an issue by itself.  I've only been concerned about timing, and one of the 
>Ublox manuals says to turn off SBAS for timing applications.

Bob



On Sun, 5/8/16, Pete Stephenson  wrote:

 Subject: Re: [time-nuts] How to achieve best results from U-Blox survey-in
 To: "Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement" 
 Date: Sunday, May 8, 2016, 3:32 PM
 
 On Sun, May 8, 2016 at
 7:25 PM, Bob Stewart 
 wrote:
 > Yes, disable all except GPS
 sats.  Also, turn off SBAS, set your max and min number of
 sats (defaults are probably what you want), and the
 satellite elevation mask.  The elevation mask defaults to
 5, but can you really see that low?
 
 Hi Bob,
 
 Out of
 curiosity, why would one turn off SBAS? My first instinct
 is
 that SBAS support could only improve the
 accuracy of one's fix, as it
 supplies
 additional correction information that improves on the
 normal
 GPS signal. I would (perhaps naively)
 think that enabling SBAS during
 the
 surveying would improve the results.
 
 Of course, I could very well be mistaken and
 would be happy to be
 corrected by those more
 knowledgeable.
 
 Cheers!
 -Pete
 
 -- 
 Pete Stephenson
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Re: [time-nuts] How to achieve best results from U-Blox survey-in

2016-05-08 Thread Pete Stephenson
On Sun, May 8, 2016 at 7:25 PM, Bob Stewart  wrote:
> Yes, disable all except GPS sats.  Also, turn off SBAS, set your max and min 
> number of sats (defaults are probably what you want), and the satellite 
> elevation mask.  The elevation mask defaults to 5, but can you really see 
> that low?

Hi Bob,

Out of curiosity, why would one turn off SBAS? My first instinct is
that SBAS support could only improve the accuracy of one's fix, as it
supplies additional correction information that improves on the normal
GPS signal. I would (perhaps naively) think that enabling SBAS during
the surveying would improve the results.

Of course, I could very well be mistaken and would be happy to be
corrected by those more knowledgeable.

Cheers!
-Pete

-- 
Pete Stephenson
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Re: [time-nuts] synchronization for telescopes

2016-05-08 Thread Attila Kinali
On Thu, 5 May 2016 07:55:49 +1000
Michael Wouters  wrote:

> Has anyone thought out how you calibrate out the electronic delays in
> such a system ?
> My picture is that you bring a station close to your master so that
> you can physically measure the distance between the phase centres of
> the two antennas since I think that the phase centre of the antenna
> has to be reference point of each system. I am not a radio person: can
> the phase centre be defined (and kept constant in different
> environments) to within say 10 cm, particularly at 300 m-ish
> wavelengths ?

The standard way to do it is to put both receiver stations close to
eachother, maybe 2-10m distance. Then measure the time difference
between the stations using a TIC with high precision. Depending on
the level of precision you want to acheive, you have to account and
care for different error sources. One of them is the orientation of
the antenna. For good match you should use the same antennas with
the same orientation (relative to earth north/south). Then the "error"
induced by the phase center should be the same for all systems and
cancel out in the difference.


> Also, isn't the problem of calculating the delay between two stations
> more complicated than just knowing the separation of the two antennas?
> You need to know where the transmitter is (just like in GPS) to the
> same accuracy. You might need a network of stations to pin all this
> down properly.

Depends on what you do. If you want to transfer just frequency over
a link, then you don't need the distance (though you might want to
compensate for distance variations at some point). If you want to
transfer time too, then you need to know the exact distance, or use
a system that automagically can measure and compensate it.

This is also the main reason why highly accurate frequency transfer is
so much easier and goes to lover uncertainties than time transfer.


Attila Kinali
-- 
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Re: [time-nuts] How to achieve best results from U-Blox survey-in

2016-05-08 Thread Bob Camp
Hi

For *survey* I would leave SBAS turned on. I would also suggest that something 
like a 3 to 5 day run is needed. That’s way beyond what the 
firmware can analyze. You at least need something like LH to capture and 
analyze data. Since LH does not run on the uBlox, that sets you 
back to serial capture and playing with things like .cvs files. 

Bob

> On May 8, 2016, at 1:25 PM, Bob Stewart  wrote:
> 
> Hi Neil,
> 
> Yes, disable all except GPS sats.  Also, turn off SBAS, set your max and min 
> number of sats (defaults are probably what you want), and the satellite 
> elevation mask.  The elevation mask defaults to 5, but can you really see 
> that low?
> 
> There are different ideas about how long to run the survey.  On the one hand, 
> these new receivers get a good position pretty quickly.  On the other, if you 
> wait 24 hours, you get the benefit of having that many measurements figure 
> into the result.  Don't forget that the antenna placement can make or break a 
> timing system.  I've been struggling along with my antenna placed just under 
> the eave on a south facing window, but finally got one put in a clear 
> position on top of the house.  It does make a difference.
> 
> Bob
> 
> On Sun, 5/8/16, Neil Green  wrote:
> 
> Subject: [time-nuts] How to achieve best results from U-Blox survey-in
> To: "Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement" 
> 
> Date: Sunday, May 8, 2016, 11:18 AM
> 
> I have a U-Blox LEA-M8F eval module
> from CSG Shop and want to run a survey-in. Are there any
> “best practices” for doing this, e.g. using just GPS and
> disabling GLONASS et al? Any tips are much appreciated.
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Re: [time-nuts] High rate, high precision/accuracy time interval counter methods

2016-05-08 Thread Attila Kinali
On Wed, 4 May 2016 15:26:37 +0200
Magnus Danielson  wrote:

> Indeed. ADC conversion speed is not a big issue these days, so the Nutt 
> style of interpolator is just expensive to parallelize for speed, the 
> time-to-voltage system is better and should have a much better 
> recycle-time and thus result in less hardware needs.

True and not true. Yes, there are many ADCs that do high conversion
rates, but these are optimized for piplined applications where conversion
happens at a constant rate. Ie they expect a constant conversion clock
with a constant rate. If you want to trigger conversion at an arbitrary time,
you either have to build your own sampler or need to  use one of the
non-pipelined ADCs whic are much slower (IIRC they stop around 5-10Msps
aka >100ns conversion time). Flash ADCs with direct access to the sampling
circuitry are basically extinct.

Attila Kinali

-- 
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-- unknown
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Re: [time-nuts] synchronization for telescopes

2016-05-08 Thread Attila Kinali
Good evening Michael,

On Wed, 4 May 2016 20:11:25 +1000
Michael Wouters  wrote:

> There are  differences between solving for position and solving for  time.
> 
> In the case of position, it's constant so you can average over long
> times. In the case of time, you can't assume this and long-term
> averaging is not reasonable. So position uncertainty does not
> translate directly to time uncertainty (although it probably tells you
> about the precision of the individual measurements).
>
> The other key difference (and difficulty) is in your statement "if the
> phase data could be related to a stable reference oscillator in
> post-processing". In the case of position, the solution is for a point
> in space. In the case of time, you have to relate it to the output of
> some physical clock.

Yes and no. Yes, position is simpler as you know your receiver is not
moving (at least in first order, for longer measurements one has to
take earth tides into account). But, if you have a perfect frequency
reference (ie accurately known frequency and zero drift) you can do
the same averaging over time. Of course, there is no such reference,
but using real references you can calculate how accurate/stable it has
to be to achieve the required time precision.

The issue becomes considerably simpler, if all stations have the same
frequency reference, even if it's a little bit more unstable, as then
some of the errors will cancel out in the differences between the stations.

 
> In the case of a single frequency receiver, the measurements are made
> with respect to the internal TCXO, which is operated much like the
> software clock in eg the Linux kernel clock. You then have to know the
> (continuously varying) offset between this clock and the receiver's
> reference timescale, the offset between the nominal output 1 pps and
> the reference time scale in some cases, and the sawtooth correction,
> to finally relate the raw measurements to your external clock.

Yes.

> Several people have mentioned that there are some low-cost receivers
> which apparently allow for an external oscillator. This may result in
> improved time-transfer operation but the key question is the
> relationship between the output 1 pps and the 1 pps derived from the
> external oscillator - it is not obvious that this will be constant
> between eg power cycles of the receiver. This is something you have to
> test for.

Yes.


> > That's why I'm proposing timing receivers. They are the ones that have
> > the additional software and hardware bits which allow to relate an
> > external oscillator to the satellite phases.
> 
> I think we're talking about the same thing here. By 'geodetic receiver' I 
> meant:
> L1/L2 + carrier phase measurements + externally supplied 10 MHz and 1 pps.
> This is the typical kind of receiver installed at an IGS station, with
> the external clock a Cs or H-maser. They cost around $10-$15K.

No. I am talking about L1-only timing receivers. Timing receivers contain
hardware and code to get the relation between the internal oscillator and
refer it to an external oscillator. Either by using the PPS or by measuring
an external pulse. Yes, not all do that, but at least some do. And these
L1-only timing receivers are considerably cheaper than L1/L2 receivers.
(you can get them from 100usd up, ~30usd in volumes of 50-100)

> > I don't know what resolution the LEA family offers there, but the
> > spec of the protocol defines a 1ps resolution in the data. So I would
> > guess that the phase data resolution is probably in the order of 10-100ps.
> 
> Coincidentally, I am currently writing software so that I can test the
> LEA-8MT for GPSCV time-transfer. This is code-based, in the usual way.
> I will be doing a comparison of a number of different single-frequency
> receivers for time-transfer - this may be of interest to the time-nuts
> community because the testing platform is all open source
> (www.openttp.org) .

This is very interesting indeed. Thanks a lot!


Attila Kinali 



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Re: [time-nuts] How to achieve best results from U-Blox survey-in

2016-05-08 Thread Bob Stewart
Hi Neil,

Yes, disable all except GPS sats.  Also, turn off SBAS, set your max and min 
number of sats (defaults are probably what you want), and the satellite 
elevation mask.  The elevation mask defaults to 5, but can you really see that 
low?

There are different ideas about how long to run the survey.  On the one hand, 
these new receivers get a good position pretty quickly.  On the other, if you 
wait 24 hours, you get the benefit of having that many measurements figure into 
the result.  Don't forget that the antenna placement can make or break a timing 
system.  I've been struggling along with my antenna placed just under the eave 
on a south facing window, but finally got one put in a clear position on top of 
the house.  It does make a difference.

Bob

On Sun, 5/8/16, Neil Green  wrote:

 Subject: [time-nuts] How to achieve best results from U-Blox survey-in
 To: "Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement" 
 Date: Sunday, May 8, 2016, 11:18 AM
 
 I have a U-Blox LEA-M8F eval module
 from CSG Shop and want to run a survey-in. Are there any
 “best practices” for doing this, e.g. using just GPS and
 disabling GLONASS et al? Any tips are much appreciated.
 ___
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Re: [time-nuts] IFCS 2016 in New Orleans

2016-05-08 Thread KA2WEU--- via time-nuts
I will be there too, which ham repeater ?   N1UL
 
 
In a message dated 5/8/2016 1:00:35 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time,  
bneu...@t-online.de writes:

I will  be  I will arrive on Monday late afternoon.
Looking forward to meeting  you and other Time Nuts soon

Bernd Neubig - DK1AG
AXTAL GmbH &  CO. KG



-Ursprüngliche Nachricht-
Von: time-nuts  [mailto:time-nuts-boun...@febo.com] Im Auftrag von Magnus  
Danielson
Gesendet: Sonntag, 8. Mai 2016 13:42
An: Discussion of precise  time and frequency measurement 

Cc:  mag...@rubidium.se
Betreff: [time-nuts] IFCS 2016 in New  Orleans

Fellow time-nuts,

As I will attend the IFCS 2016 in New  Orleans there is an opportunity to 
meet. One of the local time-nuts have  already reached out and contacted me. 
Already in  town.

Cheers,
Magnus
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[time-nuts] How to achieve best results from U-Blox survey-in

2016-05-08 Thread Neil Green
I have a U-Blox LEA-M8F eval module from CSG Shop and want to run a survey-in. 
Are there any “best practices” for doing this, e.g. using just GPS and 
disabling GLONASS et al? Any tips are much appreciated.
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Re: [time-nuts] IFCS 2016 in New Orleans

2016-05-08 Thread Magnus Danielson

Hi Bernds,

Looking forward to see you again!

So already there three time-nuts have reached out. Looking forward to 
see you!


Hope Stephanie has a great trip!

Cheers,
Magnus

On 05/08/2016 05:15 PM, Bernd Neubig wrote:

I will be  I will arrive on Monday late afternoon.
Looking forward to meeting you and other Time Nuts soon

Bernd Neubig - DK1AG
AXTAL GmbH & CO. KG



-Ursprüngliche Nachricht-
Von: time-nuts [mailto:time-nuts-boun...@febo.com] Im Auftrag von Magnus 
Danielson
Gesendet: Sonntag, 8. Mai 2016 13:42
An: Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement 
Cc: mag...@rubidium.se
Betreff: [time-nuts] IFCS 2016 in New Orleans

Fellow time-nuts,

As I will attend the IFCS 2016 in New Orleans there is an opportunity to meet. 
One of the local time-nuts have already reached out and contacted me. Already 
in town.

Cheers,
Magnus
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Re: [time-nuts] IFCS 2016 in New Orleans

2016-05-08 Thread Bernd Neubig
I will be  I will arrive on Monday late afternoon.
Looking forward to meeting you and other Time Nuts soon

Bernd Neubig - DK1AG
AXTAL GmbH & CO. KG



-Ursprüngliche Nachricht-
Von: time-nuts [mailto:time-nuts-boun...@febo.com] Im Auftrag von Magnus 
Danielson
Gesendet: Sonntag, 8. Mai 2016 13:42
An: Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement 
Cc: mag...@rubidium.se
Betreff: [time-nuts] IFCS 2016 in New Orleans

Fellow time-nuts,

As I will attend the IFCS 2016 in New Orleans there is an opportunity to meet. 
One of the local time-nuts have already reached out and contacted me. Already 
in town.

Cheers,
Magnus
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[time-nuts] IFCS 2016 in New Orleans

2016-05-08 Thread Magnus Danielson

Fellow time-nuts,

As I will attend the IFCS 2016 in New Orleans there is an opportunity to 
meet. One of the local time-nuts have already reached out and contacted 
me. Already in town.


Cheers,
Magnus
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