Re: [Vo]:Inversity
On May 21, 2009, at 6:35 PM, Jones Beene wrote: Then there is the gray area of fractions which are 1 but never integers. The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) is a physical phenomenon in which charge is found which is not a complete integer of the elementary charge. Catch-22: it is often assumed by the Grand Poobahs of fizzix to be greater than one, and never less than one. Go figure. You may be interested to know that an apparent fractional charge develops when charges interact at relativistic velocities. I investigated this concept in some depth in: http://mtaonline.net/~hheffner/SR-CircleCoil.pdf This change in apparent charge is due to the change in the apparent E field strength, depending on the angle of the observation, in the vicinity of a relativistically moving charge. This change in field strength (and thus apparent charge) is called field pancaking. The apparent charge can either increase or decrease, i.e. Q'/Q ratio can be above or below 1, depending on the angle of observation. On p.492 of *The Electromagnetic Field*, Albert Shadowitz provides the equation for relativistic (Coulombic) field pancaking as: E = Q/(4 Pi e0 r^2) (1 - (v^2/c^2))/(1 - (v^2/c^2) sin^2 theta)^ (3/2) If we let b = v^2/c^2 then we can interpret apparent charge Q' to be: Q' = Q (1 - b)/(1 - b sin^2 theta)^(3/2) which can be interpreted to mean apparent charge is reduced to observers in line with the charge velocity vector and increased as the viewing angle is increased. (This fractional charge concept was mine, not Shadowitz's.) Note - it is not standard physics to interpret pancaking as a change in apparent charge (standard relativity assumes charge is invariant with velocity) but rather a change in observed field strength, but we should be able to interpret the pancaking equation for Q' either way. My investigation of this had to do with force effects of a circular current when viewed from outside the circle. When applied to fractional orbit forces, the equations apply to force within the circle, which should still exhibit exactly the same effect. This means that as the orbit becomes smaller and velocity becomes relativistic, the nucleus-electron force should increase. Very small hydrinos should be smaller even than expected due to the increased force. The apparent charges of the nucleus and electrons, viewed in each other's reference frames, should increase due to relativistic effects. Best regards, Horace Heffner http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/
Re: [Vo]:Inversity
Horace Heffner wrote: On May 21, 2009, at 6:35 PM, Jones Beene wrote: Then there is the gray area of fractions which are 1 but never integers. The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) is a physical phenomenon in which charge is found which is not a complete integer of the elementary charge. Catch-22: it is often assumed by the Grand Poobahs of fizzix to be greater than one, and never less than one. Go figure. You may be interested to know that an apparent fractional charge develops when charges interact at relativistic velocities. I investigated this concept in some depth in: http://mtaonline.net/~hheffner/SR-CircleCoil.pdf This change in apparent charge is due to the change in the apparent E field strength, depending on the angle of the observation, in the vicinity of a relativistically moving charge. This change in field strength (and thus apparent charge) is called field pancaking. The apparent charge can either increase or decrease, i.e. Q'/Q ratio can be above or below 1, depending on the angle of observation. On p.492 of *The Electromagnetic Field*, Albert Shadowitz provides the equation for relativistic (Coulombic) field pancaking as: E = Q/(4 Pi e0 r^2) (1 - (v^2/c^2))/(1 - (v^2/c^2) sin^2 theta)^ (3/2) If we let b = v^2/c^2 then we can interpret apparent charge Q' to be: Q' = Q (1 - b)/(1 - b sin^2 theta)^(3/2) which can be interpreted to mean apparent charge is reduced to observers in line with the charge velocity vector and increased as the viewing angle is increased. (This fractional charge concept was mine, not Shadowitz's.) That's a very interesting way of seeing it, Horace. If you observe a rotating vector from a standing position, and supposing you can only see the part of the rotating vector that is perpendicular to your vantage point(that is, the part of it that is intersecting the slice of reality you're in), what you'll observe from your standpoint and observational limitations as a diminishing and increasing(i.e. fractional on average) force or field strength, can really(as in reality), be a rotation over an higher dimensional axis. That is, you'll be always observing only the cosine(or better, the mean of the intersecting vector's cosine) of the real force. Projective (hyper dimensional) geometry is a good aid in these cases, to form a mental model of the real situation. Note - it is not standard physics to interpret pancaking as a change in apparent charge (standard relativity assumes charge is invariant with velocity) but rather a change in observed field strength, but we should be able to interpret the pancaking equation for Q' either way. My investigation of this had to do with force effects of a circular current when viewed from outside the circle. When applied to fractional orbit forces, the equations apply to force within the circle, which should still exhibit exactly the same effect. This means that as the orbit becomes smaller and velocity becomes relativistic, the nucleus-electron force should increase. Very small hydrinos should be smaller even than expected due to the increased force. The apparent charges of the nucleus and electrons, viewed in each other's reference frames, should increase due to relativistic effects. Best regards, Horace Heffner http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/
Re: [Vo]:Inversity
On May 22, 2009, at 6:24 AM, Mauro Lacy wrote: That's a very interesting way of seeing it, Horace. If you observe a rotating vector from a standing position, and supposing you can only see the part of the rotating vector that is perpendicular to your vantage point(that is, the part of it that is intersecting the slice of reality you're in), what you'll observe from your standpoint and observational limitations as a diminishing and increasing(i.e. fractional on average) force or field strength, can really(as in reality), be a rotation over an higher dimensional axis. That is, you'll be always observing only the cosine(or better, the mean of the intersecting vector's cosine) of the real force. Projective (hyper dimensional) geometry is a good aid in these cases, to form a mental model of the real situation. In the case of pancaking, the effect is due to the relativistic length contraction in the direction of the observed charged bodies motion. It can alternatively be viewed as the cumulated effect of retardation of virtual photon motion. In either case, it is this thing that creates the (appearance of the existence of the) magnetic field, and the changing magnitudes of the electric (E) and magnetic (B) fields due to the observer's motion. Interestingly, exactly the same effect occurs due to retardation of the motion of gravitons, thus creating the gravimagnetic field, and the necessity of an isomorphism between gravitational laws and the electromagnetic laws. The lack of coupling, or at minimum the very weak coupling, between gravitons and virtual photons in the isomorphism necessitates that black holes exhibit magnetic fields beyond the event horizon. I think the combined field pancaking effect of both electromagnetic and gravimagnetic fields creates polar jets from spinning black holes. Spinning black holes create mass from the vacuum, and this mass is ejected in the form of polar jets whether or not an accretion disk exists. This is described here: http://mtaonline.net/~hheffner/FullGravimag.pdf I think black holes must retain magnetic fields due to constituent particle spins, and thus must exhibit powerful magnetic fields beyond the event horizon. Quadrupole radiation due to such magnetic fields must create significant orbital decay of approaching black holes, especially upon close approach. The magnetic radiation effects must overwhelm any gravimagnetic radiation effects. The place to look for black hole merger signatures is not via gravity waves, but rather in the ELF electromagnetic spectrum. The data is already out there, collected continuously for years ... Best regards, Horace Heffner http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/
