On Aug 18, 2015, at 10:58 AM, Fleming, William w...@montana.edu
wrote:
Lee, can't help you on reading your date but we had a
35 lb. drum of strep dated 1972 that I didn't trust. Had the guys in the lab
plate it out, it killed all the bacteria they introduced
Lee, can't help you on reading your date but we had a 35 lb. drum of strep
dated 1972 that I didn't trust. Had the guys in the lab plate it out, it killed
all the bacteria they introduced it to.
The drum had been stored in a cool dry place
Bill Fleming
Montana State University
Western Ag
I used a flamer just last week… on a pre-plant vegetable/small grain research
project. 8 foot wide behind the tractor. Method is called a stale seed bed.
Have seen several fruit tree flamers in use in North Central Washington in the
1990s.
My recollections:
All were one big nozzle mounted on
Not quite the same story that Goodfruit Grower told a few months ago.
Bill Fleming
Montana State University
Western Ag Research Center
580 Quast Lane
Corvallis, MT 59828
406-961-3025
Cell- 406-529-2409
-Original Message-
From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net
Braeburn and Cortland are also non-browning.
Bill Fleming
Montana State University
Western Ag Research Center
580 Quast Lane
Corvallis, MT 59828
-Original Message-
From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of David Doud
Sent:
Might want to check availability, my area rep for Kasumin total me they were
sold out for this season.
Bill Fleming
Montana State University
Western Ag Research Center
580 Quast Lane
Corvallis, MT 59828
From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net]
I’ve never seen lightning damage in an apple orchard but have seen it happen
several times in grape vineyards. It usually damages the entire row and can
even cause trellis poles to explode. Vines recover in a couple of years.
My feeling is about the same would happen with apples, if any trees
I’m only familiar with the 20th Century and Chojuro varieties but they filled
in a 8’ x 14’ planting nicely. I guess the grower could always cut out every
other tree if it gets too hard to keep them in their space.
Bill Fleming
Montana State University
Western Ag Research Center
580 Quast Lane
When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific than
Re: Contents of apple-crop digest...
Today's Topics:
1. Re: Sprayer Calibration Between
Training Styles (Fleming, William)
--
Message: 1
I use a Raven system on my field crop sprayer and love it. Just punch in the
gallons per acre you desire and it automatically measures flow and speed then
tells you if you need to slow down or speed up. As Peter said even though the
Raven controls nozzle pressure it’s up to you to use a nozzle
The way to beat the GMO controversy, merited or not, is to use genetic mapping
to find plants with desirable traits then cross them into the targeted crop
with conventional breeding.
I've talked with several anti GMO folks who have no problem with this method
but you still can be sure it won't
Pherocon CM-DA work for me. Catch both male and female moths.
Buy them here http://www.trece.com/pherocon.html#
Bill Fleming
Montana State University
Western Ag Research Center
580 Quast Lane
Corvallis, MT 59828
From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net
Choteau for preemergent control sprayed in the fall works well for me. Lasts
all season, any knockdown sprays in the growing season are very limited.
Of course, read the label.
Bill Fleming
Montana State University
Western Ag Research Center
580 Quast Lane
Corvallis, MT 59828
From:
We had rows 2200 feet long between end anchors. 4 wires, 10' high with posts
spaced at 42', 3' deep. End posts were a larger diameter, 4' deep at about a
45° angle.
Wires and anchors were attached to a 4' long screw in steel anchor with 8
plate. Ground was basically flat.
No problems holding a
You have plenty of water but the missing hour definitely could have allowed
some damage. The accepted method is to leave the water running till ice starts
melting rapidly. That's usually an hour or two after the sun is shining.
I've had just as good of luck with undertree sprinklers for frost
On Jan 30, 2014, at 11:52 AM, Fleming, William
w...@exchange.montana.edumailto:w...@exchange.montana.edu wrote:
Back when I grew apples in North Central Washington they always said you
couldn't grow good apples down south in the Columbia Basin so hardly anyone
did
Back when I grew apples in North Central Washington they always said you
couldn't grow good apples down south in the Columbia Basin so hardly anyone
did. Then someone came up with idea of overhead cooling during the hottest
days, the Gala and Honeycrisp planting boom started. Huge plantings in
Tree height in a high density orchard depends on your latitude, row width and
orientation i.e. N-S or E-W.
While a short tree might be ideal if you want to go ladderless at our latitude
here in Montana 12 foot tall trees oriented N-S with a 14' drive row take
maximum advantage of the sun.
I've
I don't know any numbers but have read that a mature orchard on seedling roots
spaced 28'x28' will way out produce a dwarf high density orchard.
It will probably cost you twice as much to pick with twice as many processors
but the tonnage will be up there.
Bill Fleming
Montana State University
I've also wondered about the negative effects of spraying sugar on fruit, seems
like it wouldn't much different than honeydew caused by pear psylla or aphids
causing sooty mold.
Read recently that some growers were having excellent results with a 5 lbs per
100 gallons white sugar spray to repel
Best location in Montana with much public support.
Details http://www.montana.edu/jobs/faculty/13-372
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A $150 washer from Home Depot works for me. I use hot water from a building
that has a water heater.
Hot water makes a lot of difference.
But now if you're using fish oil everything changes, that stuff is harder to
get off than most paint.
What I finally figured out to do with fish oil was to
We used a device from the same company with the same mode of action to repel
birds.
Work great for a couple of days till they got used to it then it was worthless.
Luckily it had a 30 day money back guarantee, I sent it back.
Think the deer repeller has a similar warranty; maybe you should go for
I made my own hedger/topper by mounting a $250 used M-F sickle bar mower on a
front end loader. Powered it with a hydraulic motor.
Mower hydraulically pivoted from below horizontal to 90°. Could hedge and top
up to 12 feet.
Worked excellent as long as the tractor could fit down the driverow!
Drone helicopters sure would come in handy for cherry growers out west who use
them to dry fruit to prevent rain cracking.
Often there aren't enough copters to go around for what must be a boring job
for pilots.
Bill Fleming
Montana State University
Western Ag Research Center
580 Quast Ln
Rye,
You're going to have to lose all that growth. The tree may have enough roots to
survive but definitely not enough to support six feet of growth.
Cutting the tree all the way back to about knee high may let it survive but
you'd probably be better off to just start over with a new tree.
Bill
Mark,
When the time comes to control weeds I use the pre-emergent soybean herbicide
Valor at the non-crop area rate every three years.
Works excellent for me but I'm in an arid climate although sprinklers do hit
the fence during the growing season.
Valor should be easy to come by for you in
It all depends on the weeds you're dealing with but I've found Chateau
pre-emergent to work very well for most annuals with just one application in
the spring. Use glyphosate for perennials
Chateau is even safe and registered for first year trees.
It seems like I may have read recently that
I use high tensile wire, the same type used for trellises. Eight wires 10-12
apart, 50' between 4 diameter posts with very well anchored corners.
Works excellent, the deer have no problem seeing the wire and it only takes
getting shocked once to teach them a lifetime lesson.
Bill Fleming
: 845-691-2719, email:
mj...@cornell.edumailto:mj...@cornell.edu
visit us at http://hudsonvf.cce.cornell.eduhttp://hudsonvf.cce.cornell.edu/
From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Fleming, William
Sent: Thursday, December 22, 2011
...@cornell.edu
visit us at http://hudsonvf.cce.cornell.eduhttp://hudsonvf.cce.cornell.edu/
From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Fleming, William
Sent: Thursday, December 22, 2011 12:05 PM
To: Apple-crop discussion list
Subject
I always start pruning after leafs fall mainly because the branches fall to the
ground more easily. No leafs allow a more accurate cut and avoid cutting
trellis wires also. Have always started pruning as early as possible to utilize
a year round workforce. I always heard but have never seen any
Rye,
The way our irrigation system is set up is with 3/4 poly hose attached to the
wire at 5'.
A micro sprinkler that's designed to work upside down hangs from a 1/4 poly
line so the sprinkler is about 16-20 inches off the ground. There is a
sprinkler between every other tree.
If needed for
Besides the powder PM also gives a sort of reddish cast to the leaves.
You might want to consider alternating at least three different fungicides with
different modes of action into your program. PM will develop resistance to just
one form of control in one year.
I'm fairly certain just using a
I agree with Peter that it's an old term but always took it to mean codling
moth sprays, which back in the old days were hard insecticides that killed
everything. In Washington most years three were needed, occasionally four.
The term covered is also used to numerate the number of days your
My experience is the burl (ball) is the rootstock.
I wouldn't worry about it rooting.
Bill Fleming
Montana State University
Western Ag Research Center
580 Quast Ln
Corvallis, Montana
From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net
A lime-sulfur/fish oil spray just after full bloom is a common organic
alternative to hand thinning that works well. It works well enough that many
conventional growers use it also. I suppose if a person wanted to burn all
flowers off a tree they would need two of these caustic sprays just
Rye, it sounds like you might want to download and save this excellent resource
http://cru.cahe.wsu.edu/CEPublications/eb0419/eb0419.pdf
Bill Fleming
Montana State University
Western Ag Research Center
580 Quast Ln
Corvallis, Montana
From:
guess I need help interpreting what to use on apple.
Thanks,
Rye Hefley
Future Farmers Marketer
So. Cal.
-Original Message-
From: Fleming, William w...@montana.edu
To: Apple-crop discussion list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net
Sent: Mon, Mar 14, 2011 8:13 am
Subject: Re: [apple-crop] Powdery
Seems like nowadays half the job of farming is political be it water,
pesticides, zoning, etc.
In order to retain our agricultural way of life we have to band together
politically and lobby for what will keep us in business.
Unfortunate but unavoidable.
Bill Fleming
Montana State University
I had problems with just one 8' high wire.
Trees bowed too much under fruit load. Trees midway between trellis posts
pulled the wire down causing the entire row to be pulled down and bowed. Bamboo
was ¾ diameter.
One wire added later at 5 alleviated the problem.
Bill Fleming
Montana State
Yes, sorry.
Monday morning you know
Bill Fleming
Montana State University
Western Ag Research Center
580 Quast Ln
Corvallis, Montana
From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of William H Shoemaker
With a 6' by 12 to 14 spacing I think you'd have less labor input just going
with a simple central leader tree.
You can manipulate the central leader to keep it weak by bending to keep the
tree height down.
Single stake for each tree, no trellis.
The training system you show in the picture looks
Tom, all that I've ever heard is that you must let the trees reach full
dormancy before pruning especially if making big flush to the trunk cuts. First
week of December is almost always a safe time to start. I know some growers
will tell their pruning crews that damage occurs if they prune when
They aren't cheap.
Best price I found was $150 here
http://www.amazon.com/General-Purpose-Firmness-Penetrometer-Sclerometer/dp/B003H3VNQC
Just as accurate as the electronic one in the lab.
Bill Fleming
Montana State University
Western Ag Research Center
580 Quast Ln
Corvallis, Montana
From what I've read fresh water will be the limiting population factor long
before energy.
I hate to see people dying off but perhaps a world population fewer than 2
billion or even one billion would be much better for the planet and humans
alike. In fact I think we all know deep down it would
I've found the best way to be successful in your type of situation is to spray
Roundup to the centers to eliminate most rhizome type grasses and perennial
broadleaves before you work the ground for replanting. Depending on your soil
and the seeder used the ground may not even need to be tilled.
A repeated spray would probably be much cheaper than the damage caused if your
spray was washed off.
I personally don't like taking chances like that, especially if it was for CM.
Bill Fleming
Montana State University
Western Ag Research Center
580 Quast Ln
Corvallis, MT 59828
(406)961-3025
According to what read in the past the majority of pesticides and chemical
fertilizers are used by homeowners who more often overuse them without reading
the label.
Malathion is a popular insecticide available to homeowners at any supermarket
or hardware store. I have to wonder if the study
I don't think your temps were cool enough and especially the duration long
enough to cause damage. 28° is the temp for 10% kill post bloom but the
duration needs to be about three hours.
I wouldn't worry one bit. Growing apples in WA state we considered a frost like
yours to be a free thinning
I'm jealous, well sort of.
Fully dormant here at 4000 ft Montana. Skiff of snow last night with a low of
24°, high today in the 40s.
Forecast is for lows in the teens. Plenty of time left here for pruning...
Bill Fleming
Montana State University
Western Ag Research Center
580 Quast Ln
Corvallis,
: Attaching trees to trellis
Wish I couldsee a photo of this water drill, not clear, how do you cut,bend a
6inch pieceof 4inch pipe, how about a photo, Lee Elliott, winchester,il
--- On Thu, 2/11/10, Fleming, William w...@montana.edu wrote:
From: Fleming, William w...@montana.edu
Subject: RE: Apple
Nick, the way it works when you use a tractor drawn tree planter is the logical
place for the trellis poles is in the groove made by the planter.
If you attach the wire to the outside of the post with stapes the wire ends up
half the post width out of line with the tree row.
That usually ends up
I can only surmise it's because M-111 tends to sucker badly especially if some
of the roots are jaded (pointed upwards). No big deal if planted by hand to
correct the root position but if using a three point tree planter at high speed
it would be preferable to trim the roots to avoid jading.
After years of trial and error I've found the metal clips are the only device
that definitely will stay in place. I have only used the large size.
The tree will grow into the clip just as often as it grows into the trellis
wire. I only used the clips at the top ten foot wire so wasn't concerned
We have a long term project at our station into season extendeders that
includes hoop houses, row covers, mulches, etc. Every company I contact is
happy to provide products, not this one. I emailed them and they weren't
interested.
Makes me think they don't want their product under scientific
I truly hope this isn't a common practice in Afghanistan, but it was relayed to
me by a fellow who volunteers with a group that plants trees in Afghanistan.
I believe it to be true as wild as it sounds.
Irrigation canals in Afghanistan have been used much like the trenches of WWI
and have been
Unfortunate is right considering how many calls we get at the research center
every summer from people whose gardens have been killed by manure or compost
made with straw that has high residual herbicide levels. Tordon and Milestone
seem to be the main culprits and can take years even in a
-Original Message-
From: apple-crop@virtualorchard.net [mailto:apple-c...@virtualorchard.net] On
Behalf Of rkpeng...@aol.com
Sent: Saturday, August 01, 2009 6:11 PM
Subject: RE: Apple-Crop: deer
-Original Message-
From: Fleming, William w...@montana.edu
To: Apple-Crop apple-crop
I think nutrition alone doesn't determine why a shopper would prefer organic.
For some it's a matter of ideals and for others a distrust (perceived or real?)
of the chemicals used on our food.
For some it's support of small local farmers where sustainability appears
greater than large scale
I was planning on a 10' electric deer fence this fall but if Budweiser
would work instead it's on sale right now.
Bill Fleming
Montana State University
Western Ag Research Center
Corvallis, MT 59828
--
The
My experience will Ethryl bordered on unethical. About two weeks before
a large, beautiful Golden Delicious harvest we had a hail storm. Fruit
sugar levels were too low by Washington state law to harvest so the
packing house fieldman recommended spraying Ethryl to raise sugar levels
before the
I've never had to experience hurricane force winds but have seen many
winds in excess of 50 mph coming from all directions usually associated
with thunder storms. Trees were on M7 and M26. Our simple yet effective
trellis system has held up well with no tree losses.
Trellis system consisted of
We have ten 100 year plus Macs that weren't tended to for eight years.
They aren't going anywhere since they are considered a historical site.
Just getting the height down to where an airblast sprayer could reach
them involved a chainsaw on a 18 foot ladder making ten inch cuts.
About 16 man hours
I used the wire spreaders you describe many years ago purchased from
Northwest Wholesale in Wenatchee, Washington.
The spreaders were made and patented by a man in Wenatchee. They worked
great but the biggest complaint was occasionally they would get lost
in a tree only to be found by a pair of
I recall years ago reading of what's called a Spanish halter used for
sheep grazing in orchards. What the halter did was to keep the sheep
from being able to look up. When they can't look up the only orchard
foliage they are able to eat is the very lowest hanging.
Bill Fleming
Montana State
Not sure on the pollen aspect but when the temps rise bees start
spending more time hauling water to the hive rather than foraging.
Best thing a grower can do is make sure a water supply the bees can
access without drowning is close by.
Bill Fleming
Montana State University
Western Ag Research
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