you
probably don't want to tear it apart to test a theory.
I was only mentioning it as this is the only time I have ever seen
anything remotely like what you describe.
Cheers,
Andy
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TID=10174=asrock-motherboard-destroys-linux-software-raid
Is it possible that this is happening to you?
If not, once again I urge you to go on over to linux-raid list and
describe what's happening.
Cheers,
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uggest you post a detailed description of your problem to the
linux-raid mailing list and hopefully someone can help debug it.
https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Linux_Raid#Mailing_list
Cheers,
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or KVM or some other kind of virtualisation? If
yes and if there doesn't appear to be any actual instability then it
may be spurious.
Cheers,
Andy
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) or spot it early by testing even unused
areas of the drive (self-tests).
Anyway in OP's position, they have lost data which they need to
restore and while they could wait and see if the errors are
increasing in number they probably just want to get it replaced
ASAP.
Cheers,
Andy
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rib/packages for an explanation.
> Nothing relevant.
If anywhere, I would expect it to be in documentation aimed at
Debian developers and contributors.
Cheers,
Andy
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ing logs from
such a daemon inside your home directory also doesn't seem
appropriate.
> Its not hitting the named file, but its not spamming syslog any more.
> So I've no clue where all that is going
I wouldn't be surprised if it had ended up somewhere inside /root
(user root's home directory), or now
ou can change the options that spamd runs with by editing
/etc/default/spamassassin.
Don't forget to arrange for log rotation of whatever file you do
redirect this to.
Cheers,
Andy
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.spinics.net/lists/raid/msg47240.html
ZFS does not suffer from this.
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for that as it's very
likley to restrict the daemon to only being able to access
/var/lib/mysql.
Cheers,
Andy
21/02/msg00010.html
https://www.debian.org/MailingLists/#codeofconduct
https://www.debian.org/code_of_conduct
Thanks,
Andy
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Hi Albrecht,
On Mon, Feb 22, 2021 at 03:50:01AM -0500, Albretch Mueller wrote:
> Andy Smith wrote:
> > Those SHA1 hashes do appear here on another mirror:
> >
> > http://mirrorservice.org/sites/cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/10.8.0/amd64/iso-dvd/SHA1SUMS
[…]
> I woul
- because the SHA1 hashes match real Debian files but
with different names. That's assuming no mix up on your side. Unless
you are experiencing a SHA1 collision as well on top of everything
else.
Cheers,
Andy
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On Wed, Feb 03, 2021 at 01:41:54AM +, Andy Smith wrote:
> On Tue, Feb 02, 2021 at 07:13:16PM -0500, hobie of RMN wrote:
> > He enters "fsck" or "fsck /dev/sda1", and in a short while gets fsck
> > identifying it's version, and nothing else.
>
&g
buster and then remove the
feature with tune2fs. CentOS 7 was happy with it then.
I am not saying this is what has happened to you. I'm just giving an
example of one weird set of circumstances that can lead to something
like this.
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for
some reason. That package depends upon the latest actual kernel
package, so causes you to see upgrades.
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ned, I do self-host my own email but when friends and
family ask for a solution I like to point them at fastmail.com.
I've no association with fastmail.com, I just find them pleasant to
deal with when helping people.
Cheers,
Andy
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yours.
All you can do is try to persuade them to stop using UCEPROTECT
though.
Cheers,
Andy
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ng your data from
backups be done in a time span that you consider reasonable?
If the answer to those questions are not what you could tolerate,
add some redundancy in order to reduce unavailability. If you decide
you can tolerate the possible unavailability then so be it.
Cheers,
Andy
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c for the uninitiated and
so is ZFS. You are proposing to take on both at once. You have some
learning to do. You may make mistakes, and this data seems precious
to you. I advise you to sort out the backups first. You might need
them sooner than you'd hoped.
Cheers,
Andy
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then back up those files)
You can restore them with the corresponding --set-selections.
> Is a backup of /var/cache debconf sufficient for this ?
I think that stuff lives in /var/lib, but it's better to export it
in a format where it can be re-imported.
Cheers,
Andy
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n between the concept of a physical port
and the logical addresses you put on an interface associated with.
You can create a virtual network interface in a machine with no
network hardware at all, and put a billion different IPv6 networks
on it if you like!
Cheers,
Andy
ersion}\t${Status}\n' --show coreutils | awk
'/installed/ { print $1 }'
8.23-4
$ dpkg-query --showformat '${Version}\t${Status}\n' --show wowbagger
dpkg-query: no packages found matching wowbagger
$ echo $?
1
Cheers,
Andy
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Hello,
On Thu, Dec 31, 2020 at 06:18:29PM +0300, Reco wrote:
> On Thu, Dec 31, 2020 at 03:06:34PM +0000, Andy Smith wrote:
> > Datasheet says:
> >
> > * Enhanced Power-Loss Data Protection with Tantal capacitors
>
> It does not have a battery = it does not have a BBU.
that require
advanced reliability."
Cheers,
Andy
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SSDs?
>
> It's a feature of server SSDs. I wouldn't worry about it on a consumer
> device, especially if you have a UPS.
Though OP did ask about NAS-quality SSDs for RAID use.
Cheers,
Andy
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e case.
Personally for SATA interface I like Samsung's SM883 or PM883 (3
DWPD vs 1.3 DWPD assuming no over provisioning), but certainly there
are much cheaper options that are still good.
Cheers,
Andy
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f is
the one chosen could be said to be correct, if by "most recently
modified" you actually mean "most number of events".
As you were thinking, it is pretty safe to do if you never write to
the device you take out.
Cheers,
Andy
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don't work out well.
In many cases hardware RAID performs better, especially if you get
one with a supercap-backed write cache, but the trend these days is
to do Just a Bunch of Disks (JBOD) with software RAID, btrfs or
zfs.
Cheers,
Andy
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Hi Mick,
On Tue, Dec 29, 2020 at 03:32:07PM +, mick crane wrote:
> On 2020-12-29 13:10, Andy Smith wrote:
> >The default metadata format (v1.2) for mdadm is at the beginning of
> >the device. If you've put a filesystem directly on the md device
> >then the pre
vice that is an
offset into the md member device and then mount that as the
filesystem, but in my opinion that is more complicated and dangerous
than just getting mdadm to assemble a degraded RAID-1.
Cheers,
Andy
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low latency network (like your local network) at gigabit+
speeds, compression won't make things faster.
Cheers,
Andy
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t be shrunk online (need umount). Some filesystems
can't be shrunk at all!
You also should think about what happens with drive failure,
especially if you are thinking of putting multiple drives into a
volume group with no redundancy.
Cheers,
Andy
¹ Yes I am aware that there are various tricks to
uot;.
"newgrp $(id -ng)" puts you back in your original primary group,
leaving you with group "sudo" as an additional group.
You can just do "newgroup sudo" but this:
- starts an extra shell so you'd have to "exit" it twice
- leaves you with "sudo"
the metadata. By default, an identical copy of the metadata is
maintained in every metadata area in every physical volume
within the volume group."
Have a read of it with:
# vgcfgbackup -f config.txt vgname
Cheers,
Andy
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Hello,
On Fri, Dec 04, 2020 at 04:05:18PM +, Darac Marjal wrote:
> I am somewhat boggling, though, at the idea in the Instructions[1]
> of crossgrading from arm64 to amd64. What manner of machine can
> interpret both of those instruction sets?!
A virtual machine, hence qemu! :)
Che
On Fri, Dec 04, 2020 at 01:40:53AM -0500, Gene Heskett wrote:
> On Friday 04 December 2020 01:03:34 Andy Smith wrote:
> > Again we have been down this avenue before, but I will try one last
> > time.
[…]
> > So, can you show us a few lines of logs from yo
gs from your
/var/log/httpd/other_vhosts_access.log of the accesses from the
offending bot(s)?
Cheers,
Andy
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Hi David,
On Fri, Dec 04, 2020 at 01:32:35PM +1100, David wrote:
> On Fri, 4 Dec 2020 at 13:10, Andy Smith wrote:
> > So much text written without clear statement of problem!
>
> I understand why you wrote that, but you might be unaware that
> Martin has previously ment
This must be the third or fourth time we have been here with this
exact question from you. Every time the answers have been "Fail2Ban
and block by user agent". I don't know why you expect the answers to
change.
Andy
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tion, well, what is your question? So much
text written without clear statement of problem! Sort of ironic that
this started with asking why there are 3.5MiB of files in
/usr/share/zoneinfo/ - has more than 3.5N of data been created yet
between these couple of threads?
Cheers,
Andy
--
htt
t might make such a thing (re the request at the
> beginning of this thread) possible?
Yes, I pointed this out to OP last time OP asked this exact question
just a few days ago, so I don't know why they are asking again.
Nothing has changed in the last couple of days to give crond TZ
support
2 months is
16.2KiB. It seems you receive mails one thousand times as large as I
do.
Cheers,
Andy
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zone to that used by the rest of the system.
$ systemd-analyze calendar '11:00 Europe/London'
Original form: 11:00 Europe/London
Normalized form: *-*-* 11:00:00 Europe/London
Next elapse: Sun 2020-11-22 11:00:00 UTC
From now: 6h left
Cheers,
Andy
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S
boot order, or similar.
Most of the time though, just plugging the new drive in goes fine.
Cheers,
Andy
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all the other bits of the
installer, and works.
I have no idea what was wrong before but there are a few other
reports of EFI PXE boot problems being fixed by NIC firmware
upgrade.
Cheers,
Andy
to take the initramfs apart to
compare contents.
Cheers,
Andy
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y this could
> be a problem.
You can set any process to have a different time zone by use of
environment variables.
$ date
Sat 21 Nov 21:34:55 UTC 2020
$ TZ=America/Los_Angeles date
Sat 21 Nov 13:35:04 PST 2020
Cheers,
Andy
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-install would be run.
You would have to be sure that this is as automated and foolproof
as possible, to avoid being lulled into a false sense of security
and then have a problem at the worst time.
d) Something else?
Cheers,
Andy
g/wiki/Tz_database
The files are tiny. It's not worth removing them IMHO. It's 3½MiB of
space on my system.
Cheers,
Andy
Hi Andrei,
On Fri, Nov 20, 2020 at 12:30:49PM +0200, Andrei POPESCU wrote:
> On Vi, 20 nov 20, 00:56:19, Andy Smith wrote:
> >
> > I have tried both the buster netboot.tar.gz and the daily d-i build
> > and get the same behaviour with both.
> >
> >
r with both.
I've also read the relevant part of the release notes:
https://www.debian.org/releases/buster/amd64/ch04s05.en.html
and they don't tell me anything different than what I've already
done, either.
Any ideas?
Cheers,
Andy
a lot of metadata
activity on the filesystem.
Cheers,
Andy
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an update comes along
with security fixes or features you need.
You can install the package "cpanoutdated" which will tell you about
newer versions on CPAN compared to on your system, though it will
report quite a lot of packaged stuff as being outdated, which is
only to be expected.
Cheers
ome/mike/.rsync_exclude .
$Flash/mike
^-- SC2128: Expanding an array without an index only gives
the first element.
It's worth using shellcheck.
Cheers,
Andy
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ill
be the end of the world for you to just do it and see what happens.
https://strugglers.net/~andy/blog/2019/07/11/experiments-with-rdrand-and-entropykey/
Cheers,
Andy
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r log files that may contain private information. The
files/directories are left readable by group adm so that users and
tools in that group can read them. Other less sensitive log files
are often left group root but world readable.
See https://wiki.debian.org/SystemGroups for more info.
Cheers,
Andy
--
or if
that isn't available devices often have "241 Total_LBAs_Written"
which can be compared¹ against published write endurance
specifications.
Sometimes the devices also have a proprietary tool for getting this
information, though in the majority of cases all this is doing is
parsing SMART
ly over thinking
write endurance.
Cheers,
Andy
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o achieve
6Gbit/sec of data transferred.
Start by working out what hardware you have to see what it's
actually meant to be capable of. Then you'll see if you have a
problem or if the behaviour is expected.
Cheers,
Andy
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hough. It's still not ideal even if you did
want Kali.
Basically this was a very bad thing to do. Sorry. Reinstall from
backups is my advice.
Cheers,
Andy
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fde41027175
On SysV init systems I think this is part of the initscripts
package.
Cheers,
Andy
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On Tue, Sep 29, 2020 at 01:02:35PM +0200, Thomas Schmitt wrote:
> Andy Smith wrote:
> > Create with:
> >mkfs.ext4 -E lazy_itable_init=0,lazy_journal_init=0
>
> This lasts significantly longer than my first mkfs run.
> The drive makes ~ 1950 write operations p
xt4 -E lazy_itable_init=0,lazy_journal_init=0 …
to avoid this sort of thing.
Cheers,
Andy
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Hello,
On Fri, Sep 25, 2020 at 07:49:19AM -0400, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> On Fri, Sep 25, 2020 at 07:44:25AM +0000, Andy Smith wrote:
> > "hostid" tends to return a hexadecimal representation of the first
> > IPv4 address (but isn't guaranteed to).
>
> unicorn:~$
e-id. On Linux there is also
/proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id (but needs dashes removed).
Systemd timers can do this sort of thing themselves, so no need
there for this sort of scripting.
> But I will move toward more use of unattended-upgrades, which
> handles the original problem diff
lly supported to
be very varied.
I run Ubuntu on some of my desktops and laptops and it is rare that
I manage to reach the end of the theoretical LTS support schedule
before needing updated software has forced me to upgrade release.
For more information please see:
https://wiki.debian.org/LTS
ream
following upstream's instructions.
Cheers,
Andy
On Mon, Sep 07, 2020 at 09:37:47PM +, Andy Smith wrote:
> Basically there are already fewer upstream kernel developers that
> care about and understand 32-bit x86, and bug and even security
> fixes specific to 32-bit x86 lag behind those for amd64. KPTI fixes
> to address Meltdown
.
https://lwn.net/Articles/743265/
https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item=Linux-32-Bit-KPTI-Bug-Fix
If your hardware supports it then you are best off planning to move
to it sooner rather than later. X86_32 is already in the critical
care ward.
Cheers,
Andy
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kely answers, but you
could start with /var/log/syslog and /var/log/Xorg.0.log.
Cheers,
Andy
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d-Until also disable
file integrity checks?
There is more in man page apt-secure about what security things
can be overridden.
https://manpages.debian.org/buster/apt/apt-secure.8.en.html
Cheers,
Andy
¹ and I could well be wrong, since I am only a user of Debian, not a
Developer or co
:Check-Valid-Until=false update
but I admit it could also have been me manually downloading the .deb
files from archive,debian.org and installing them with dpkg.
Cheers,
Andy
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"I remember the first time I made love. Perhaps it was not love ex
about what the default behaviour of yahoo mail is. Up to you.
Cheers,
Andy
¹ Seems a bit too off-topic, and mostly a waste of time trying to
change people's minds.
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y I understand then I suspect those who say the WiFi
is the problem are correct.
Cheers,
Andy
production but if anyone has I would be
really interested to see a with and without comparison of
performance.
Cheers,
Andy
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icit list of address/port pairs to
listen on then it would do multiple binds and I believe the IPv4
ones would show up in netstat etc as being tcp4.
Cheers,
Andy
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nds of £/$/€.
Most consumers and even most businesses will find it more cost
effective and flexible to backup to HDDs and storage clouds.
Cheers,
Andy
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any user logging in on tty*
into the group "mysudogroup". If you allowed "mysudogroup" to use
sudo in /etc/sudoers then maybe that works.
I would be interested to know if that is a workable solution.
Cheers,
Andy
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Hello,
On Fri, Jul 31, 2020 at 10:24:03PM +0530, Didar Hossain wrote:
> On Fri, Jul 31, 2020 at 01:52:30PM +0000, Andy Smith wrote:
> > https://www.mailop.org/
>
> Now this is the list that I want to be on. But, I am getting SSL errors trying
> to connect to https://chill
ecause I operate a VM hosting
company, but I speak on this as a recipient of email and as a member
of the mailop mailing list where every month we see people
complaining they can't get mail out of a spam sewer and into gmail.
https://www.mailop.org/
Cheers,
Andy
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e LVM and pick minimal capacities for all
the above, leaving the majority unallocated. You can then grow
logical volumes as needed and the problem goes away.
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it because
"/sbin" is not in your user's PATH.
Cheers,
Andy
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month but it's been
in 24/7 usage for 15 years.
https://twitter.com/grifferz/status/1276115086785069056
I still wouldn't use OP's system for anything except curiosity or
maybe propping a door open.
Cheers,
Andy
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ce with gkrellm so I don't know how or if
you can force it to make a request immediately. If not then maybe
you have to look back through your logs. But do first check that you
have actually firewalled that, as otherwise this is a waste of time.
Cheers,
Andy
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xen-devel
but they are quite likely to refer you to upstream's xen-user or
xen-devel lists.
Cheers,
Andy
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Hello,
On Tue, Jun 23, 2020 at 06:40:17PM -0600, Joe Pfeiffer wrote:
> I assume the list is using mailman?
Debian lists do not use Mailman, but SmartList I believe. It's
probably also a fair bit modified from upstream.
Cheers,
Andy
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way. It doesn't have any particular
Debian-specific features aside from being ad-free. If you have
another that's ad-free then I don't see a problem with using that
one.
Cheers,
Andy
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g this, preferring to try to wrangle the
d-i for every task. I don't think it's a good strategy.
Cheers,
Andy
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mparison unless you describe exactly what you are trying to do.
Cheers,
Andy
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Hi,
On Sat, Jun 13, 2020 at 09:28:45AM -0400, Gene Heskett wrote:
> On Saturday 13 June 2020 09:19:39 Andy Smith wrote:
> > On Sat, Jun 13, 2020 at 09:12:06AM -0400, Gene Heskett wrote:
> > > No > present
> >
> > I think you are confused. None of us wrote any such
are looking at the header
section and getting confused. We are talking about the body of the
email. You can see the ">From" text in the archives and in the
original message in this thread if you look in your own mail client:
https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2020/06/msg00215.html
On Sat, Jun 13, 2020 at 12:21:12PM +, Andy Smith wrote:
> The mbox mail archive format is a single file containing all
> messages concatenated together. Separate messages are recognised by
> a line that starts:
>
> >From y...@example.com ...
Amusingly I didn't
s a result a lot of (mostly older) mail software escapes mail body
lines that begin with "From" by putting a ">" in front, sometimes
even when not in the context of archiving into an mbox. This is most
likely what happened here. The use of ">" for this is just a very
common convention.
Cheers,
Andy
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On Sat, Jun 13, 2020 at 07:52:55AM +, Andy Smith wrote:
> Looking at the email concerned, it had a line starting with "From"
> quoted with a ">".
>
> Mailing lists often do things like that, breaking DKIM.
I will add that I recall that Debian postmasters
t;.
Mailing lists often do things like that, breaking DKIM.
Cheers,
Andy
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level. But if it does not
work properly with other things you could try reporting it as an
upstream kernel bug in the driver and see what happens.
Cheers,
Andy
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an
acceptable compromise.
Cheers,
Andy
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e all that data.
This is a great example of why it's not good to be stingy with the
size of /boot.
Cheers,
Andy
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Hello,
On Tue, Apr 28, 2020 at 11:43:22AM -0400, Default User wrote:
> Andy, you mentioned restic, which I am not familiar with. Similar
> considerations would seem to apply to that also. But I might also try
> that out later.
Note that you did not state any of these requirements
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