Re: Subject: Glitchy sound in Steam games after hard drive upgrade

[debian-user]

Charlie Gibbs  wrote:
> On 2024-04-22 16:50, Jeffrey Walton wrote:
> 
> > What are the old and new hard drive model numbers and specs?  
> 
> The old drive is a Western Digital WD5000YS (500GB SATA).
> The new drive is a Western Digital Red, WF40EFPX (4TB SATA).

According to my searches, there's no such disk as a WF40EFPX. Are you
sure that's what it is? If by any chance it is a WD40EFRX then that is
certainly slower than your old drive, so may cause some problems as
suggested.

Re: Strange New Installation Behavior

[debian-user]

Michael Kjörling <2695bd53d...@ewoof.net> wrote:
> On 22 Apr 2024 09:00 -0400, from s.mol...@sbcglobal.net (Stephen P.
> Molnar):
> > I downloaded and ran the 512 check sum on a copy of
> > Debian-12.5.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso and ran the Graphical Install mode on
> > the 1.0 TD SSD on my Computer. The installation went smoothly
> > without any warning or error messages.
> > 
> > I logged in as root to set up the Desktop and, much to my surprise,
> > found that my previous Desktop configuration was still there!!???
> > This was also the case when I logged in user!!!???  
> 
> It sounds to me like you intended to do a clean reinstall, but the
> obvious question given the observed behavior is: did you actually do
> that? For example, did you actually reformat (create file systems
> anew)?
> 
> My guess would be that you installed _on top of_ the previous
> installation rather than wiping and replacing it; so I'd start with
> seeing if that hypothesis can be ruled out. An easy way might be to
> check /var/cache/apt/archives and look for old linux-image .deb files.
> If it's a freshly installed system, there should only be one or two,
> likely at 6.1.0-20 for Bookworm. If you see any kernel older than
> 6.1.0-18, those are remnants from a previous installation (Debian 12.5
> shipped with kernel ABI 6.1.0-18
> <https://www.debian.org/News/2024/20240210>.)

He said he wanted to revert to Bullseye rather than Bookworm, so it's
to be expected that there will be older kernels, if that's really what
he meant and what he did. But as you say, without a clear statement of
the intent and the actions taken it's difficult to be sure.

Re: NextGov: Linux XZ Utils Backdoor Was Long Con, Possibly With Support

[debian-user]

Cindy Sue Causey  wrote:

> Continues to sound like one single perp is destroying the TRUST
> factor that an untold number of future programmers must meet. That's
> heartbreaking.

It has never sounded like a single perp to me. 'Jia Tan' is an obvious
sock puppet as are the other names who pushed Lasso to accept him. The
whole timescale and effort involved smacks of a team of hackers. JMHO.

Re: making Debian secure by default

[debian-user]

Curt  wrote:
> On 2024-03-28, to...@tuxteam.de  wrote:
> >
> > Security, as Bruce Schneier [1] says, is a process. Not a product. 
> 
> A process that is essentially out of your control.

I would hope it is, given how little I or most people understand about
security.

> This is the elephant in the room that you do not wish to address.

There's no such elephant since most people understand it well, and
just live with it. As we live with not being in control of our
governments, or financial institutions, or (here in the UK) building
control or post office or ... (there are lots more examples)

> Anyway, dream on.

Re: making Debian secure by default

[debian-user]

 wrote:

> [1] https://xkcd.com/1200/

Here in the UK the most important part of that xkcd for most people
simply isn't true. Anything financial has a separate login procedure
and all that I use time out after a period of inactivity (even some
stupid non-important government things). I expect the same is true in
Europe? And I'd be surprised if it isn't true in Murrica too?

So a thief would have to be very lucky! Especially in my case since I
don't own a laptop and never use a phone or suchlike for financial
matters.

Re: Root password strength

[debian-user]

Michael Kjörling <2695bd53d...@ewoof.net> wrote:

> For most values of "you", most attackers don't care about _your_
> account, or _your_ system; they care about _any_ account, or _any_
> system. Actually targeted attacks do happen, but very rarely compared
> to what might be thought of as attackers throwing stuff at the wall
> and seeing what sticks. (There's even a term for that: Internet
> background noise.)

There's increasing an extra channel available to attackers - namely
'smart' things, or the IoT. For example, many people have a 'smart' TV
that they allow to connect to the Internet so they can use various
streaming services. Each of those services, plus the TV manufacturer,
then becomes a potential point of attack into your system. Similarly
people have security cameras and doorbells connected to the Internet
and even things like fridges and washing machines! Any such device can
be compromised and used to attack computers or door locks or whatever.

Re: Root password strength

[debian-user]

Dan Ritter  wrote:
> Jan Krapivin wrote: 
> > I read Debian Administrator's handbook now. And there are such
> > words:
> > 
> > The root user's password should be long (12 characters or more) and
> > impossible to guess.   
> ...
> 
>  
> > The thing is my password is very easy now, and i haven't thought
> > about *"automated
> > connection attempts"*, that sounds rather... scary? My password is
> > easy because i am not afraid of direct physical access to the
> > computer.
> > 
> > But... if there is a serious network danger, then i should change my
> > password of course. But how strong it should be? If we speak about
> > network attacks... it should be like 32 symbols with special
> > symbols? Or this paragraph in a handbook is rather paranoid?
> > 
> > I have activated sudo now for my regular user. Can it (password of
> > regular user) be less sophisticated than root password? Because it
> > would be rather difficult to enter 32 symbols every time i wake my
> > PC after suspend.  
> 
> The threats are different for:
> 
> - a laptop that travels and can be stolen
> - a desktop that does not leave your residence
> - a server that accepts connections from the outside world
> 
> If you have a laptop, you want to have your filesystem encrypted
> (LUKS or ZFS encryption, most likely) and protected by a 12+
> character password.
> 
> If you have a desktop, perhaps you feel it is at low risk. 
> 
> If you have a machine that runs the ssh daemon, you should not
> use passwords at all for remote logins; you should use ssh keys.
> 
> Check whether you are running ssh:
> 
> /sbin/service ssh status

It's not called ssh; it is sshd
Also nowadays it's more usual to say

 $ systemctl status sshd

> If it is active, use sudo to edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config to lock
> down access. (It may be that you don't want it running at all,
> too.)
> 
> -dsr-
> 

Re: images in Perl/Tk

[debian-user]

"mick.crane"  wrote:
> On 2024-03-19 00:42, Michael Lange wrote:
> > Hi,
> > 
> > On Mon, 18 Mar 2024 19:23:39 +
> > "mick.crane"  wrote:
> >   
> >> I try to load images with Perl/Tk but there is message,
> >> "couldn't recognize data in image file "test.jpeg" at
> >> /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.38/Tk/Image.pm line 21"
> >> I've tried different images/pngs/jpgs with same error.
> >> images load OK in other viewers.
> >> Installed tkpng with apt.
> >> 
> >> Anybody successfully used images with Perl/Tk?
> >> Would Tk::JPEG/Tk::PNG from cpan be happy with the Debian Tk and
> >> may possibly help recognise the file format?
> >> Or is there some 'pruning' of the images, made with Gimp, needed to
> >> work with Tk?
> >> 
> >> mick
> >>   
> > 
> > I never used Tk with Perl, but first, you do not need tkpng for png
> > images anymore, pngs have been supported natively by Tk for years. 
> > Maybe
> > tkpng is broken (as at least some versions of img::png that came
> > with debian have been)?
> > Second, Tk does not support jpegs without third-party
> > extensions; probably img::jpeg can help, so you could try to
> > install libtk-img with apt and then do the Perl equivalent of
> > 
> >package require img::jpeg  
> 
> Made an image, saved as .bmp, gif, ppm, pnm, tif, png, jpg
> #!/usr/bin/perl
> use warnings;
> use strict;
> use Image::Imlib2;
> my $image=Image::Imlib2->new(400,400);
> $image->has_alpha(1);
> $image->set_color(255,0,0,255);
> $image->fill_rectangle(0,0,400,400);
> $image->save('./images/red.png');
> 
> try to display image in Perl/Tk
> #!/usr/bin/perl
> use strict;
> use warnings;
> use Tk;
> my $mw = MainWindow->new;
> $mw->title("Test");
> my $image = $mw->Photo(-file => "images/red.bmp");
> my $image_label = $mw->Label(-image => $image)->pack;
> MainLoop;

There's a bug in your program above, when used for PNG or JPEG. It's a
perl error and I expect you would have got an answer on perlmonks as I
suggested.

The error is described on
https://docstore.mik.ua/orelly/perl3/tk/ch17_01.htm

Look for "Notice the Photo image formats JPEG, PNG, and TIFF—not part
of the Perl/Tk distribution—must be specifically imported."


> Only the .bmp file displays other files have error.
> 
> "Uncaught exception from user code:
>   couldn't recognize data in image file "images/red.png" at 
> /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.38/Tk/Image.pm line 21.
>   Tk::Image::new("Tk::Photo", MainWindow=HASH(0x560632dc9098),
> "-file", "images/red.png") called at 
> /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.38/Tk/Image.pm line 63
>   Tk::Image::__ANON__(MainWindow=HASH(0x560632dc9098), "-file", 
> "images/red.png") called at ./test-image.pl line 8"
>
> I've installed
> Tk, libgraphics-magick-perl, libimage-imlib2-perl, tkagif, tkblt,
> tklib, libtk-img, tkpng.
> 
> Now that I know .bmp works I can use that.
> Wonder tho' why others don't display, Bookworm and Trixie.
> If there is some other module to include I can't discover what it's
> name is as yet.
> Tk::Photo is a module but seems to be included in Perl/Tk
> I'm not really understanding if the Perl/Tk is a rewrite or an
> interface to Tk modules.

You might want to read the book! :) Or even the CPAN entry for Tk if
you want to understand more.

Re: images in Perl/Tk

[debian-user]

"mick.crane"  wrote:
> I try to load images with Perl/Tk but there is message,
> "couldn't recognize data in image file "test.jpeg" at 
> /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.38/Tk/Image.pm line 21"
> I've tried different images/pngs/jpgs with same error.
> images load OK in other viewers.
> Installed tkpng with apt.
>
> Anybody successfully used images with Perl/Tk?

You'll likely do better asking perl questions on e.g the perlmonks site.

> Would Tk::JPEG/Tk::PNG from cpan be happy with the Debian Tk and may 
> possibly help recognise the file format?

Sorry, are you suggesting using versions different to that which came
with the version you already have? Why would you even think of doing
that?

If you think the version of Tk you already have isn't working then
replace the whole thing, not just bits of it. But I'd think that was
premature myself.

> Or is there some 'pruning' of the images, made with Gimp, needed to
> work with Tk?
> 
> mick
> 

Re: very poor nfs performance

[debian-user]

Stefan K  wrote:
> > Run the database on the machine that stores the files and perform
> > database access remotely over the net instead. ?  
> 
> yes, but this doesn't resolve the performance issue with nfs

But it removes your issue that forces you to use the sync option.

Re: very poor nfs performance

[debian-user]

Stefan K  wrote:
> > You could try removing the "sync" option, just as an experiment, to
> > see how much it is contributing to the slowdown.  
> 
> If I don't use sync I got around 300MB/s  (tested with 600MB-file) ..
> that's ok (far from great), but since there are database files on the
> nfs it can cause file/database corruption, so we would like to use
> sync option

Run the database on the machine that stores the files and perform
database access remotely over the net instead. ?

> best regards
> Stefan

Re: Spam from the list?

[debian-user]

Hans  wrote:
> HI Brad,
> 
> I do not believe, it is a training problem. Why? Well, your formerly
> mail was marked as spam. So I marked it as ham. Now, your second mail
> again is marked as spam. 
> 
> We know, there is nothing unusual with your mail, but it is again
> marked as spam. Even, when I explicity marked your mails as ham! 
> 
> Thus the problem is not on my computer. 
> 
> I believe, what Thomas said: Megamail or my mailprovider is setting
> the X- Spam-Flag to YES, and my spamassassin is recognizing this and
> marks this as spam.
> 
> The solution would be, either to make megamails or my provider make
> things correctly (but I have no atom bombs to force them) , or delete
> my rule, to check the X-Spam-Flag (which I actually do not want). 

You don't need an atom bomb. Simply contact their support and tell them
they appear to be misclassifying mail. If they don't fix the problem
then consider changing your provider. Or at least tell them you will :)

Also they are still sending the mail to you, so it is your choice
whether to actually classify it as spam! Look at your mail program and
see what options it has regarding classifying spam. Change it to not
respect the particular header you think is causing problems.

> Important is: The cause is not at debian server (which is fine!) and
> not on my system (which is also fine), but on the provider server. 
> 
> To know this, I think we can safely close this issue.
> 
> We have learnt some things (which is always important) and could find
> the reason.
> 
> Thank you all for your help and input!!

Re: Spam from the list?

[debian-user]

Hans  wrote:
> Hi Thomas,
> 
> > you perhaps subscribed to one of the "Resent-*" lists ?
> >  
> Not as far as I know.
>  
> > > Subject: *SPAM* Bug#1065537: ITP: bleak-retry-connector --
> > > Connector for Bleak Clients that handles transient connection
> > > failures  
> > 
> > The mark "*SPAM*" does not appear in the archive
> >   
> 
> This line is set by spamassassin on my own computer, when a spam mail
> is marked as spam. Then it will be filtered out. But I can not see,
> WHJY it is recognised as apam!
> 
> >   https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2024/03/msg00076.html
> > 
> > All in all it looks like a legit message, not like spam.
> > So the suspect would sit after Debian's mail servers.
> > 
> > The only Received header i see between Debian and you is:  
> > > Received: from bendel.debian.org (bendel.debian.org
> > > [82.195.75.100])
> > > 
> > > by mail104c50.megamailservers.eu (8.14.9/8.13.1) with
> > > ESMTP id 4269vZOl098298
> > > for ; Wed, 6 Mar 2024 09:57:37
> > > +  
> > 
> > It looks like either megamailservers.eu or your own processing added
> > the spam mark to the subject.
> >   
> Hmm, suspicious. I changed nothing and suddenly many mails from
> debian-user (but not all, only some) are recognized as spam. And I
> can not see, why they are. Thre are no URLs in it, no suspicous gifs
> or any other content. Just quite normal mails. And some are flagged
> as spam, some not. Weired.

So if it's not you, then it sounds like you need to ask
megamailservers.eu why.

Re: missing development package?

[debian-user]

thyme after thyme  wrote:
> On 2024-03-04 10:48, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:
> 
> > That's right: in your /etc/apt/sources.list (or in some file
> > under .../sources.list.d/ at your preference) there must be
> > a way for your installer to find the sources. Something akin
> > to:
> > 
> >   deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-updates main
> > contrib non-free  
> 
> I'm on bookworm. Pasting my current sources below. Is something
> missing?
> 
> /e/a/sources.list.d $ for f in *; echo "*  $f"; cat "$f"; echo ""; end
> *  debian-stable-updates.list
> # Debian Updates
> deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates main contrib
> non-free non-free-firmware
> 
> *  debian.list
> # Debian Stable.
> deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm main contrib non-free
> non-free-firmware
> deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main
> contrib non-free non-free-firmware
> #deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm main contrib non-free
> non-free-firmware

Does the # character at the start of the deb-src line matter?

> #debian backports
> #deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-backports main contrib
> non-free non-free-firmware
> 
> *  mx.list
> # MX Community Main and Test Repos
> deb http://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/mxlinux/packages/mx/repo/
> bookworm main non-free
> #deb http://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/mxlinux/packages/mx/testrepo/
> bookworm test
> 
> #ahs hardware stack repo
> #deb http://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/mxlinux/packages/mx/repo/
> bookworm ahs
> 
> > Note that Debian might have some patches to make the package
> > buildable in Debian context; so installing Debian's build
> > deps is just an approximation.
> > 
> > If I were you, I'd first install the Debian src package and
> > its build deps, build that, and work on from there.  
> 
> How do I find the src package? You mean of xfce4-screensaver? This is
> all I can find:
> 
> $ apt search xfce4-screensaver
> Sorting... Done
> Full Text Search... Done
> xfce4-screensaver/mx,now 4.18.2-0.1~mx23+1 amd64 [installed]
>   screen saver and locker that is integrated with the xfce4 desktop
> 

Re: How to upgrade the GLIBCXX and GLIBC to the specific version

[debian-user]

Gremlin  wrote:
> On 2/27/24 16:08, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk wrote:
> > Gremlin  wrote:
> >   
> >> The provider is raspberry foundation and Raspian has been
> >> dis-continued.  

> Nope that is just wrong.
> 
> https://www.raspbian.org/
[snip]
> Note: Raspbian is not affiliated with the Raspberry Pi Foundation.

Re: How to upgrade the GLIBCXX and GLIBC to the specific version

[debian-user]

Gremlin  wrote:

> The provider is raspberry foundation and Raspian has been
> dis-continued.

There is such a thing as the Raspberry Pi Foundation but they are an
educational charity. Pis are supplied by Raspberry Pi Ltd. Raspbian has
NOT been discontinued, it has simply been renamed Raspberry Pi OS. I
don't know who releases it, though it is released from teh Ltd company
website rather than the Foundation. Perhaps somebody else knows more
detail.

Re: partition reporting full, but not

[debian-user]

Felix Miata  wrote:
> Keith Bainbridge composed on 2024-02-20 17:45 (UTC+1100):
> 
> > I just removed 3 snapshots from my daily driver with no change in
> > used space reported by df  
> 
> df doesn't know how to calculate freespace on btrfs. You need to be
> typing
> 
>   btrfs filesystem df

df [options] 
   Show a terse summary information about allocation of block
   group types of a given mount point. The original purpose of
   this command was a debugging helper. The output needs to be
   further interpreted and is not suitable for quick overview.


FWIW my root filesystem is btrfs and I use the normal df command all the
time without a problem. I've never used btrfs filesystem df

Re: partition reporting full, but not

[debian-user]

David Christensen  wrote:
> On 2/18/24 19:20, Keith Bainbridge wrote:
> > I am convinced that the missing space is used by btrfs snapshot
> > process.  
> 
> 
> Perhaps.  But, are you re-balancing your btrfs file systems regularly?
> 
> https://manpages.debian.org/bookworm/btrfs-progs/btrfs-balance.8.en.html

But does balancing a btrfs system actually recover any space? I think
not. It's eternally moving the deckchairs on the Titanic. (though with
a more useful purpose)

I'd recommend installing snapper if you haven't already.
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Snapper is helpful for using it.

 

Re: partition reporting full, but not

[debian-user]

Keith Bainbridge  wrote:
 
> Yes the / partitions are btrfs

So the apparently missing space is perhaps taken up by btrfs snapshots.

Re: What sets LC_TIME?

[debian-user]

Greg Wooledge  wrote:

> That's all normal and expected.
> 
> What's odd is that client *actually has* LC_NUMERIC and so on set in
> its environment.  Which... is not a problem if they're all set to the
> correct values.  It's weird, but not wrong.  The problem for the OP
> was that one of the values was not set correctly, or at least not as
> expected.

It's not weird at all. It's how many people set their machines, when
they have logical minds and prefer -MM-DD date format rather than
the illogical messes most countries have in their locales.

Re: f3tools vs Silicon Power 4T drive

[debian-user]

gene heskett  wrote:
> On 2/16/24 15:47, Stefan Monnier wrote:
> >>> One of the 1T samsungs in the md raid10 isn't entirely happy but
> >>> mdadm has not fussed about it, and smartctl seems to say its ok
> >>> after testing. Other than that the gui access delay (30+ seconds)
> >>> problems I have did NOT go away when I moved /home off the raid
> >>> to another SSD, so I may move it back. One of the reasons I ma
> >>> rsync'ing this /home back to it every other day or so, takes < 5
> >>> minutes.  
> >> Please get a small SSD, do a fresh install, and test for the
> >> access delay. If the delay is not present, incrementally add and
> >> test applications. If you encounter the delay, please stop and
> >> post the details; console sessions are best.  If not, then connect
> >> the disks with /home and test. If you encounter the delay, then
> >> please stop and post the details.  If you do not encounter the
> >> delay, then your system is fixed. Take a Clonezilla image.  
> > 
> > FWIW, my crystal ball says "30s => software timeout rather than
> > hardware problem"
> > 
> > 
> >  Stefan  
> 
> We are on the same page, but what is causing the timeout?

You have to follow the steps David suggested including posting the
details here as asked, before anybody will be able to answer your
question!

Re: f3tools vs Silicon Power 4T drive

[debian-user]

gene heskett  wrote:
> On 2/15/24 15:45, Andy Smith wrote:
> 
> > MD RAID isn't the only way to achieve redundancy. You also haven't
> > explained why you need LVM. Depending on your needs, maybe a
> > filesystem with redundancy and volume management features in it
> > would be better. Like btrfs or zfs.  
> May I miss-understood the wiki, xfs is stated as not being complete
> for linux, a zfx is I think commercial?
> Can you update that?

Sorry, which wiki page do you think says XFS is not complete?

Re: f3tools vs Silicon Power 4T drive

[debian-user]

Andy Smith  wrote:

> On Wed, Feb 14, 2024 at 08:48:31PM -0500, gene heskett wrote:
> > On 2/14/24 19:48, Andy Smith wrote:
> > > Please show us the command you used¹ to do that, so we know what
> > > exactly you are talking about, because as previously discussed
> > > there's a lot of different things that you like to call "partition
> > > labels".  
> > 
> > This is what gparted calls a "partition label"  
> 
> Okay, thanks for clarifying. This, or preferably a copy-paste of the
> actual parted command session would suffice.
> 
> I don't know what the relevance is of the rest of the following
> paragraph - your life story is not required and you were not accused
> of lying, just asked to clarify.
> 
> Do remember that this mailing lists does not accept attachments (and
> very few mailing lists in general do), so any time you are tempted
> to send a photo to a mailing list it is probably an error. We did
> not see whatever it was, but it doesn't sound relevant.

FWIW, the photo that Gene attached was certainly attached to the mail
that the list sent to me, so I suppose that this list does permit
attachments, at least in some circumstances.

I do agree with your sentiment that the text output of a CLI command is
both simpler and better though.

Re: SMART Uncorrectable_Error_Cnt rising - should I be worried?

[debian-user]

The Wanderer  wrote:

> It turns out that there is a hard limit of 65000
> hardlinks per on-disk file;

That's a filesystem dependent value. That's the value for ext4.

XFS has a much larger limit I believe. As well as some other helpful
properties for large filesystems.

btrfs has different limits, depending on where the hardlinks are,
apparently. Some larger, some ridiculously smaller.

Re: shred bug? [was: Unidentified subject!]

[debian-user]

Greg Wooledge  wrote:

> Shred will determine the size of the file, then write data to the
> file, rewind, write data again, etc.  On a traditional hard drive,
> that will overwrite the original private information.  On modern
> devices, it may not.

Thanks for the excellent explanation :)

One nitpick. You say "On a traditional hard drive, that will overwrite
the original private information" but that's not quite true. It also
needs to be a "traditional" file system! That is, not journalled or COW.

So nowadays I would expect shred not to work unless you got very
lucky, or planned carefully.

Re: shred bug? [was: Unidentified subject!]

[debian-user]

David Christensen  wrote:
> On 2/10/24 16:10, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> > On Sat, Feb 10, 2024 at 04:05:21PM -0800, David Christensen wrote:  
> >> 2024-02-10 16:03:50 dpchrist@laalaa ~
> >> $ shred -s 1K - | wc -c
> >> shred: -: invalid file type
> >> 0
> >>
> >>
> >> It looks like a shred(1) needs a bug report.  
> > 
> > I'm confused what you expected this command to do.  You wanted to
> > "destroy" (by overwriting with random data) a pipe to wc?  What
> > would that even look like?
> > 
> > The basic premise of shred is that it determines the size of the
> > file, then writes data over it, rewinds it, and repeats this a few
> > times. A pipe to a process has no size, and can't be rewound.
> > 
> > Declaring a pipe to be an "invalid file type" for shredding sounds
> > pretty reasonable to me.  
> 
> 
> The documentation is confusing:
> 
> On 2/10/24 16:05, David Christensen wrote:
>  > 2024-02-10 16:03:42 dpchrist@laalaa ~
>  > $ man shred | grep 'If FILE is -'
>  > If FILE is -, shred standard output.  

Maybe it is unstated but mandatory to use -n 1 as well?
And optionally -s N?
I expect reading the code would tell.

First time I've read the man page properly.
Interesting point about COW filesystems such as btrfs :)

Re: Home UPS recommendations

[debian-user]

Felix Miata  wrote:
> hw composed on 2024-02-09 12:07 (UTC+0100):
> 
> > What other manufacturers could we buy UPSs from?  
> 
> I bought my first APC just last year, because it was what I found on
> the shelf in WalMart, only 450VA, with "Best-in-class Service and
> Support", more to protect bedroom TV and recorder against anomalies
> than power outage here in the world's lightning capital. All my
> larger ones that are currently in service are Eaton or Tripp-Lite. My
> spare is a Powercom with steel frame and cover, hard to extract
> swollen old batteries from.

FWIW Eaton owns Tripp Lite, whilst APC is owned by Schneider Electric.

Re: xterm PRIMARY and CLIPBOARD selection [was: Re: Copy from Firefox and paste into Terminal with Vim]

[debian-user]

Stefan Monnier  wrote:
> > I have not said it is more “standard for terminals”, I have that it
> > is more “standard” fullstop. It is more standard by the virtue of
> > having worked for decades, C-Ins S-Ins S-Del existed way before the
> > C-C C-V C-X tryptich, and still working today in most contexts.  
> 
> Indeed, IIUC these key bindings were part of the CUA standard:
> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Common_User_Access

Indeed and CTRL-C & friends first appeared as Apple-C on the Lisa, it
seems and were appropriated by Microsoft after a while:

https://www.howtogeek.com/804030/the-origins-of-ctrlc-ctrlv-ctrlx-and-ctrlz-explained/

Re: Copy from Firefox and paste into Terminal with Vim

[debian-user]

Greg Wooledge  wrote:
> On Mon, Feb 05, 2024 at 10:28:53PM -0800, David Christensen wrote:
> > Continuing from above in Vim in Insert mode, if I then
> > simultaneously press the Ctrl, Shift, and v keys, and then release
> > all keys, Vim inserts the contents of the clipboard; as confirmed
> > by:
> > 
> > xclip -o -selection CLIPBOARD  
> 
> How's that possible?  Are you running a GUI version of vim (gvim?)
> instead of running vim in a terminal?  Or are you using an exotic
> terminal?

Wow, thanks! I learned something new.

> In xterm and urxvt, Ctrl-Shift-v is identical to Ctrl-v ("literal
> next"), so there's no way vim can distinguish the two.  And yes, I
> tested it just to be sure.  In both xterm and urxvt, vim, insert
> mode, Ctrl-Shift-v acts exactly like Ctrl-v.

So it does. How bizarre! Makes vim in an xterm unusable.

> If you're using a terminal that isn't xterm, please specify which.
> This applies in general to *any* issue that involves exotic key
> combinations, because different terminals handle them differently.

I know I don't like xterm so I never use it. I mainly use lxterminal
and sometimes gnome-terminal but they both must be 'exotic' since they
behave as David said.

Re: Many systemd units do not start anymore

[debian-user]

Christoph Pleger  wrote:
> Hello,
> 
> on one of my server machines, suddenly many systemd units (e.g. cron,
> autofs) do not start any more, neither at boot nor when trying to
> start manually with "systemctl start ", this hangs till I abort
> with Ctrl-C - though the commands defined in ExecStart work when I
> type them in directly. From my judgement, I also believe that it
> takes unusually long till then command "systemctl status "
> returns a result.
> 
> I already removed systemd completely (apt-get --purge --auto-remove
> remove *systemd*) und switched to SYS V Init, in which all services
> started successfully. But after switching back to systemd, I again
> had the problem of non-starting services.
> 
> Does anyone have an idea what is possibly wrong?

As appears later in the thread, you seem to have missed out some pretty
basic information, including:

- what is the hardware?
- what release of what operating system is in use?
- what happened just before things 'suddenly' stopped working? Did you
  upgrade the machine, or install some new software, or just reboot it
  or what?
- you say it is just one of your server machines. Can you draw any
  comparisons with the state of your other server machines?

> Regards
>   Christoph 

Re: How can we change the keyboard layout? (was: what keyboard do you use?)

[debian-user]

Brian Sammon  wrote:
> On Mon, 05 Feb 2024 21:06:30 +0100
> hw  wrote:
> 
> > Yes, it's a misunderstanding: How can we change the keyboard
> > layout?  
> 
> I recently dug into this because I am running Debian on a Chromebook,
> and I wanted to map the Google-key (located next to the A key, where
> you usually expect Caps-Lock to be) to be a Ctrl, for
> Emacs-Correctness.  I wanted a solution that would also work when I
> used an external keyboard (which has an actual CapsLock next to the
> A), and would work both in X and in console mode.
> 
> The solution I found, which should work when using Wayland as well,
> was to customize the lowlevel scancode-to-keycode mapping that is
> managed by udev.  You can have different remappings for different
> keyboard models.
> 
> This keymapping system is very powerful, but somewhat ideosyncratic,
> and somewhat poorly documented.  And it's an edit-the-configfile
> system; I'm not aware of any GUI config tools for it.
> 
> It took me over 2 hours to figure out and set up, after which I had a
> scrambled pile of notes (in a text file) but not the energy to clean
> them up.  The next time I do it I expect it'll take me about an hour
> (if the same process still applies) instead of the 15 minutes it
> would take if I did a proper job of documenting it for myself.
> 
> Some of the webpages in my notes that I remember being useful are:
> https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Keyboard_input
> https://yulistic.gitlab.io/2017/12/linux-keymapping-with-udev-hwdb/
> (including some of the comments that contain more recent info)
> https://medium.com/@canadaduane/key-remapping-in-linux-2021-edition-47320999d2aa

Many, many thanks for this post Brian. Those links are truly excellent.

> Some somewhat-informative files on my computer were
> /lib/udev/hwdb.d/60-keyboard.hwdb (comes with udev)
> /usr/include/linux/input-event-codes.h (comes with linux-libc-dev
> package)
> 
> Gotchas include:
> Some things *must* be in lowercase (keycodes, I think?)
> Some things *must* be in uppercase (certain hexadecimal stuff?)
> For best results, triple-check that the case you use is exactly the
> same as the example/sample config files. If you get this wrong, udev
> will just ignore the erroneous parts of your config file, (and you
> might think it just didn't see it) instead of giving an error message.
> 

Re: How can we change the keyboard layout? (was: what keyboard do you use?)

[debian-user]

hw  wrote:
> On Mon, 2024-02-05 at 14:34 -0600, David Wright wrote:
> > [...]
> >  "The German layout differs from the English (US and UK) layouts in
> >   four major ways:  
> 
> It's missing out on yet another major way: Umlaute.

If you reread the wikipedia page, you'll see that umlaut keys are
mentioned as the second of the four ways.

> The Umlaute take whole keys for themselves like other letters, and
> since there aren't any more keys on the keyboard, they replace other
> characters which contributes to the German keyboard layout being
> rather awkward and difficult to use.  Whoever created it has
> completely overlooked that computers aren't typewriters.
> 
> And it's very bad not to have a right Alt key.  That also has
> consequences that make things worse.
> 
> > 
> > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_keyboard_layout  
> 
> 

Re: Home UPS recommendations

[debian-user]

ghe2001  wrote:

> Take a look at Tripp Lite:
> 
> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripp_Lite
> 
> I used them for years to back up a small domain -- they make
> sine-wave electricity.

One of the references in the wikipedia article looked interesting:

https://www.computerworld.com/article/2472189/a-surge-protector-that-doesn-t-protect.html

Re: counting commas

[debian-user]

Greg Wooledge  wrote:

> I won, and you lost

There shouldn't be a comma in that sentence, in English. There is in
the closely related expression "I won, you lost."

> I really don't think I'd try this with shell scripts.  The tools just
> aren't designed for this.  You really want tools that are custom built
> for natural language processing, or a language that lets you run
> through a large string character by character in a fast, efficient
> way (C comes to mind) if you're trying to build your tools from the
> ground up.

At the risk of being seen as old-fashioned, but as a user of both
languages, I think Perl is a much better choice than C for string
processing. But whatever the OP knows is likely the best choice in the
short term.

Re: No Release file for Security Update

[debian-user]

Tixy  wrote:
> On Thu, 2024-01-18 at 12:06 -0600, John Hasler wrote:
> > Tixy writes:  
> > > Where could your machine be getting this IP address from?  It's
> > > the same IP address shown in your output when you used the
> > > incorrect address 'ftp.security.debian.org' and for me that
> > > doesn't resolve to any IP address.  
> >   
> > > From here both security.debian.org and
> > > ftp.security.debian.org resolve  
> > to 57.128.81.193.  Happens both with Unbound and with 8.8.8.8.
> > 
> > toncho/~ 22 dig  ftp.security-debian.org  
> 
> That's a different address (you're using a '-') and works for me too.
> 
> I was using the address that George _said_ he used in his email,
> obviously he was wrong and just mis-typing emails rather than copy and
> pasting in what he was actually using :-(

Another example of why posting the prompt and command as well as the
output is useful :)

Re: How to prevent rtkit from giving firefox higher priority?

[debian-user]

hw  wrote:
> On Tue, 2024-01-16 at 11:27 +0100, Arno Lehmann wrote:
> > I don't know anything about rtkit, but I may be able to parse
> > English :-)
> > 
> > Am 16.01.2024 um 10:42 schrieb hw:
> > ...  
> > > The messages in the journal are actually weird:
> > > 
> > > 
> > > rtkit-daemon[132284]: Successfully made thread 145442 of process
> > > 145185 (/usr/lib64/firefox/firefox) owned by '1000' RT at
> > > priority 10.
> > > 
> > > rtkit-daemon[132284]: Successfully made thread 2534 of process
> > > 2507 (/usr/bin/gnome-shell) owned by '1000' RT at priority 20.
> > > rtkit-daemon[132284]: Successfully made thread 2534 of process
> > > 2507 (/usr/bin/gnome-shell) owned by '1000' high priority at nice
> > > level 0. rtkit-daemon[132284]: Successfully made thread 2534 of
> > > process 2507 (/usr/bin/gnome-shell) owned by '1000' RT at
> > > priority 20. rtkit-daemon[132284]: Successfully made thread 2534
> > > of process 2507 (/usr/bin/gnome-shell) owned by '1000' high
> > > priority at nice level 0.
> > > 
> > > 
> > > It says 'made owned by'.  Does user 1000 not own the process to
> > > begin with?  Which user owned it before?  Or what is that
> > > supposed to mean?  
> > 
> > What it tries to say is probably "made (thread ... owned by 1000)
> > high priority".  
> 
> It says 'made thread ... (at nice level 0) owned by 1000'.  This is
> inconclusive at best: The thread is obviously _at_ some nice level or
> _at_ some priority and was made owned by 1000.

Well no it doesn't. You've changed the order of the words and that
changes the meaning.
 
> If it had changed the priority it should say that, but it doesn't.

There's a rather unwieldy noun phrase
"thread 2534 of process 2507 (/usr/bin/gnome-shell) owned by '1000'"
which identifies a particular thread. Let's call that THREAD.

Then what the log says is:

rtkit-daemon[132284]: Successfully made THREAD RT at priority 20.
rtkit-daemon[132284]: Successfully made THREAD high priority at nice
level 0. 
rtkit-daemon[132284]: Successfully made THREAD RT at priority 20.
rtkit-daemon[132284]: Successfully made THREAD high priority at nice
level 0.

So the log is telling you something about changes to the priority and
real-time nature of that particular THREAD. I've no idea what they
actually mean.

Re: Seeking a Terminal Emulator on Debian for "Passthrough" Printing

[debian-user]

phoebus phoebus  wrote:
> Hello,
> 
> >> Clearly we don't know of any terminal
> >> emulators that do what you want.  (I assume you've already looked
> >> at kermit, and found it lacking... yes?  OK then.)  
> 
> I want to express my sincere gratitude for pointing me to this
> project. I wasn't familiar with the Kermit terminal emulator before
> but after looking at their website, I believe that Kermit 95's
> feature set should address my needs. The features such as:
>  * Copy/paste, print, searching, and bookmarks in the scrollback
> buffer
>  * Host-directed and local printing
>  * Versatile printer control, including bidirectional printers and
> built-in Text/PostScript conversion seem to align with my
> requirements.
> 
> I also explored E-Kermit (Kermit for Embedding) since we were asked
> if there was an emulator that could perform these functions in an
> embedded environment. However, based on what it does not do, it
> doesn't seem to be the solution I was hoping for. Regarding the
> purely Linux/Unix C-Kermit, it appears to be less feature-rich
> compared to Kermit 95, so it may not be the best fit for my
> requirements.

You don't mention it, but did you look at CKW (C-Kermit 10.0 for
Microsoft Windows)?

In any event it seems it might be worth your time to contact the kermit
developers as well as the putty developers.

Re: Seeking a Terminal Emulator on Debian for "Passthrough" Printing

[debian-user]

Charles Curley  wrote:
> On Sat, 13 Jan 2024 09:59:48 -0500
> Greg Wooledge  wrote:
> 
> > The real problem here is that we're all blind men trying to grasp
> > the elephant.  
> 
> A good summary of what we know so far. I suspect that the OP should
> question whether it's time to scrap the elephant entirely, and
> re-think the problem de novo. Remember that an elephant is a horse
> designed by a committee.

AIUI a camel is a horse designed by committee (possibly said by
Issigonis).

An elephant is supposedly a mouse designed by committee (particularly
an American committee IMHO :)

Re: Seeking a Terminal Emulator on Debian for "Passthrough" Printing

[debian-user]

phoebus phoebus  wrote:
> Hello,
> 
> >> > Currently, PuTTY is an option but its current version has
> >> > limitations that make it insufficient for our operational use.  
> >>
> >>
> >> Commission the PuTTY authors to add the missing features or pay
> >> someone else to do it if they aren't interested.
> >>
> >> https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/  
> 
> 
> I have already tried to contact the PuTTY development team using the
> email address pu...@projects.tartarus.org; however, I did not receive
> a response. Originally, my request in that email was to explore the
> possibility of commissioning the PuTTY authors or paying someone else
> to add these features in case the development team was not interested.
> 
> My goal in funding this project would be to have the code integrated
> into the main PuTTY branch and become an integral part of official
> releases, thus avoiding obsolescence. However, outside of the PuTTY
> team, I am not certain of the best way to proceed to achieve this
> goal. Therefore, I wonder if the address pu...@projects.tartarus.org
> is the correct one to contact the project, and if anyone could
> suggest a more appropriate contact address or any other suggestions
> to advance this improvement proposal.

Looking at
https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/feedback.html#feedback-features
suggests that you should try to design whatever features you require
yourself in the first instance, and then submit it for consideration
by the maintainers. And be prepared to implement it if required before
submission to the project. I don't mean that you personally should do
this, but rather that you should hire someone suitably qualified to do
it. Specifically someone who is not part of the team, unless they
volunteer. It sounds like their problem is lack of available effort.

> Regards,
> Thierry

Re: Temporary failure in name resolution

[debian-user]

Curt  wrote:
> On 2024-01-12, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk
>  wrote:
> > Curt  wrote:  
> >> On 2024-01-11, Max Nikulin  wrote:  
> >> >
> >> > There was a thread that "home" as the top level domain might not
> >> > be really safe (somebody might register it). A reserved domain
> >> > is "home.arpa" so e.g. to have "thinkpad", the /etc/hosts entry
> >> > should be
> >> >
> >> > 127.0.1.1   thinkpad.home.arpa thinkpad
> >> >
> >> 
> >>  The .arpa domain is the “Address and Routing Parameter Area”
> >> domain and is designated to be used exclusively for
> >> Internet-infrastructure purposes.
> >> 
> >> https://www.iana.org/domains/arpa  
> >
> > Indeed, and a little way down that page it says:
> >
> >   home.arpa For non-unique use in residential home networks
> > RFC 8375  
> 
> I missed that.
> 
> Yet the reserved gTLDs from the 2018 ICANN resolution
> are .home, .corp, and .mail. Does home.arpa comply with that
> resolution?

I don't see there's any connection between that resolution and anything
done within the .arpa gTLD. So there's no notion of 'complying'.

Re: Temporary failure in name resolution

[debian-user]

Jeffrey Walton  wrote:
> On Fri, Jan 12, 2024 at 11:08 AM Curt  wrote:
> >
> > On 2024-01-12, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk
> >  wrote:  
> > > Curt  wrote:  
> > >> On 2024-01-11, Max Nikulin  wrote:  
> > >> >
> > >> > There was a thread that "home" as the top level domain might
> > >> > not be really safe (somebody might register it). A reserved
> > >> > domain is "home.arpa" so e.g. to have "thinkpad",
> > >> > the /etc/hosts entry should be
> > >> >
> > >> > 127.0.1.1   thinkpad.home.arpa thinkpad
> > >> >  
> > >>
> > >>  The .arpa domain is the “Address and Routing Parameter Area”
> > >> domain and is designated to be used exclusively for
> > >> Internet-infrastructure purposes.
> > >>
> > >> https://www.iana.org/domains/arpa  
> > >
> > > Indeed, and a little way down that page it says:
> > >
> > >   home.arpa For non-unique use in residential home networks
> > > RFC 8375  
> >
> > I missed that.
> >
> > Yet the reserved gTLDs from the 2018 ICANN resolution
> > are .home, .corp, and .mail. Does home.arpa comply with that
> > resolution?  
> 
> And to muddy the waters a little more, IANA has some reserved domain
> names, too:
> <https://www.iana.org/assignments/special-use-domain-names/special-use-domain-names.xhtml>.
> Also see <https://www.iana.org/domains/reserved>.

Those references don't seem to muddy the issue. The second refers to
the first and the first says 

  home.arpa.[RFC8375]

> Jeff
> 

Re: Temporary failure in name resolution

[debian-user]

Curt  wrote:
> On 2024-01-11, Max Nikulin  wrote:
> >
> > There was a thread that "home" as the top level domain might not be 
> > really safe (somebody might register it). A reserved domain is 
> > "home.arpa" so e.g. to have "thinkpad", the /etc/hosts entry should
> > be
> >
> > 127.0.1.1   thinkpad.home.arpa thinkpad
> >  
> 
>  The .arpa domain is the “Address and Routing Parameter Area” domain
> and is designated to be used exclusively for Internet-infrastructure
>  purposes.
> 
> https://www.iana.org/domains/arpa

Indeed, and a little way down that page it says:

  home.arpa For non-unique use in residential home networks
RFC 8375

:P

Re: Donate money

[debian-user]

noah poulton  wrote:
> Hi guys!
> 
> 
> I was wondering, is there a way to donate to Debian via direct debit?
> I want to to donate but I don't have a paypal account (and I don't
> really want to create one).
> 
> I live in the UK (if that makes a difference).

Clicking on the paypal link doesn't mean you need to create a paypal
account. It's just a payment service and you can use your regular
credit card details. I agree it would be better for Debian to use some
other payment service though!

> Thanks,
> 
> Noah Poulton.

Re: NFS: IPV6

[debian-user]

Marco Moock  wrote:
> Am 04.01.2024 um 18:19:57 Uhr schrieb Pocket:
> 
> > Where can I find information on how to configure NFS to use ipv6 
> > addresses both server and client.  
> 
> Does IPv6 work basically on your machine, including name resolution?
> 
> Does it work if you enter the address directly?
> 
> https://ipv6.net/blog/mounting-an-nfs-share-over-ipv6/
> 
> How does your fstab look like?

plus FWIW...

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E23824_01/html/821-1453/ipv6-ref-71.html

"NFS software and Remote Procedure Call (RPC) software support IPv6 in a
seamless manner. Existing commands that are related to NFS services
have not changed. Most RPC applications also run on IPv6 without any
change. Some advanced RPC applications with transport knowledge might
require updates."

Re: The current package wpasupplicant doesn't support WPA3-Personal authentication. What alternatives to it exist?

[debian-user]

Greg Wooledge  wrote:
> On Thu, Jan 04, 2024 at 12:04:52AM +0100, Stella Ashburne wrote:
> > >   https://packages.debian.org/bookworm/wpasupplicant
> > >  
> > The main heading of that web page is Package: wpasupplicant
> > (2:2.10-12)
> > 
> > Immediately below it is the sub-heading that states
> > 
> > client support for WPA and WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i)
> > 
> > I fail to see WPA3 mentioned therein.  
> 
> Read more.
> 
>   client support for WPA and WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i)
> 
>  wpa-supplicant is a userspace daemon handling connection and
>  authentication in wireless and wired networks, primarily secured
> with the WPA/WPA2/WPA3 protocols. This software provides key
> negotiation with the access point (WPA Authenticator), and controls
> association with IEEE 802.11i networks.

I do think Stella has a point in that the description page has a bug -
the sub-heading and the following text are not consistent. She should
raise an issue/bug report/whatever IMHO.

Re: Printer weirdness

[debian-user]

gene heskett  wrote:
> On 12/30/23 16:43, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> > On Sat, Dec 30, 2023 at 10:25:27PM +0100, Hans wrote:  
> >> Sorry, did I impress myself so wrong?
> >>
> >> What I meant, were the packages for the driver, which Brother
> >> provide.
> >>
> >> If you want to know, take a look at support.brother.com, see which
> >> I mean.  
> > 
> > Someone else going to a web site today is NOT necessarily going to
> > figure out what version of what package YOU got from a web site at
> > some unknown point in the past.  
> 
> Sorry Greg but as a fan of brother printers, I can't let this one go
> by. IF you use the script Brother provides, run it, it asks you for
> the exact model number of the printer you have, and then installs and
> sets up the latest bug fixed version of their driver for THAT
> printer, for in my experience any Brother product.

The OP has already demonstrated that he does not know the name of the
printer, and repeatedly stated it wrongly. So he wouldn't have got the
right answers on the Brother site. Hence the query.

Re: Printer weirdness

[debian-user]

Hans  wrote:
> Am Samstag, 30. Dezember 2023, 18:06:43 CET schrieb debian-
> u...@howorth.org.uk:
> > Hans  wrote:  
> One is a Brother DCP-125j (connected via USB-cable), the other a
> Brother MFC- L3750CDW (coonnected via LAN to thze router). 
> 
> The Notebook is connected via WIFI to the router. 
> 
> Both printers do NOT have WIFI.
>  
> 
> > You'll probably get more help if you're more explicit about the
> > configuration. You seem to be exceptionally coy!
> >   
> 
> 
> > What version of debian?  
> Debian/stable
> 
> > What specific printer models?  
> 
> See above.
> 
> > Which printer is connected by USB? And which by LAN?  
> See above.
> 
> >   
> > > For installation I am using CUPS and XSANE.
> > > 
> > > Now to the issues:
> > > 
> > > 1st question:
> > > Although there are no printers configured in CUPS, LibreOffice
> > > does see and can use the printers. My idea is, that Libreoffice
> > > is using its owb printer drivers, can that be, does someone know
> > > more?
> > > 
> > > 2nd question:
> > > When installed with CUPS, there appear TWO pronters, one (for
> > > example) is called "DCP-125J" and the other one "DCP-125J_debian".
> > > However, only one of the entries is working (the one without
> > > "_debian". Where does it get its name?  
> > 
> > I'm guessing that the name you give is a typo? And it's actually
> > DCP-J125 since that is the name of a Brother printer. And the
> > obvious answer as to where it gets its name is from the printer
> > driver for that printer.
> >   
> 
> Dunno. The names appear twice, at each of one of them one name end
> with the string "_debian" 

To find out what model of printer it is look at the printer and see
what is printed on it!

> The other question someone asked:
> 
> The packages I mentioned I installed, were of course CUPS packages
> from the debian repo, as well as the needed packages supplied by
> Brother (which for example include the *:pp files).

Which packages? What are the names of all the packages? (not 'for
example' '*:pp')

> Hope this make things clearer.

It's like dragging blood from a stone!

> Best
> 
> Hans

Re: Printer weirdness

[debian-user]

Hans  wrote:
> Hi folks,
> 
> I am looking for an explanation of a strange effect.
> 
> The issue:
> I have a customer, who is using debian and has connected two printers
> (one of them with an integrated scanner and LAN, the other via
> USB-cable).

You'll probably get more help if you're more explicit about the
configuration. You seem to be exceptionally coy!

What version of debian?
What specific printer models?
Which printer is connected by USB? And which by LAN?

> For installation I am using CUPS and XSANE.
> 
> Now to the issues:
> 
> 1st question:  
> Although there are no printers configured in CUPS, LibreOffice does
> see and can use the printers. My idea is, that Libreoffice is using
> its owb printer drivers, can that be, does someone know more?
> 
> 2nd question: 
> When installed with CUPS, there appear TWO pronters, one (for
> example) is called "DCP-125J" and the other one "DCP-125J_debian".
> However, only one of the entries is working (the one without
> "_debian". Where does it get its name?

I'm guessing that the name you give is a typo? And it's actually
DCP-J125 since that is the name of a Brother printer. And the obvious
answer as to where it gets its name is from the printer driver for that
printer.

> Both printers appear also in
> CUPS, but they do NOT appear in the printer sections of the
> "systemsettings" in KDE.
> 
> So, when connected TWO printers, the user has to choose of FOUR
> entries.
> 
> How can that be fixed, ifat all?
> 
> 
> 3rd question:
> The same appears with the scanner. When I start XSANE, then I get
> FOUR entries to chose: one name ending with the IP-addresse (the
> scanner is connected by LAN) marked, one without IP, one starting
> with the string "ecl:" and one starting with "ipp:". Whilst
> two of them I can explain myself, only two of the entries are
> working, the one starting "ecl:" and the pone with the IP.
> 
> The IPP-entry is clear for me, it is for internet printing, but last
> one is NOT explainable and is lookinbg for me as an unnecessary
> double entry like it appears at the printers.
> 
> How can I fix this?
> 
> 
> Additionally I should tell, the printers and scanner are both from
> Brother, who offers driver packages for the devices on his website
> for debian.
> 
> Alls needed packages are installed.

Which specific packages are installed?

> However, I could not find out, that debian supports Brother printers
> and scanners natively, so I need to install their packages. 
> 
> This was all the time that way. Or did debian change something
> related to printers and scanners during the last year? Then please
> let me know, what I might have missed.
> 
> Thank you very much for feedback, and also for all the help and hard
> work during all the time!!!
> 
> Happy new year!!!
> 
> Best
> 
> Hans

Re: Firefox Warning [SOLVED]

[debian-user]

Mike McClain  wrote:
> You are correct Tixy and my apologies.
> Raspberry Pi advertises itself as Debian ...

That's true and maybe somebody should request them to change the sig-on
message when you log in to something more accurate?

Re: Help: network abuse

[debian-user]

Alain D D Williams  wrote:
> On Thu, Dec 21, 2023 at 10:11:08AM -0500, Pocket wrote:
> 
> > Use a firewall and set it up correctly.  
> 
> That I have done.
> 
> The issue is broadband usage - ie before it hits the firewall.

IIUC you have a residential system with an ISP connection with a
download limit, and on that you are running a web server that you want
to expose so some of your contacts can access it.

You are concerned by scans run by potentially hostile actors against
your server. Particularly by the volume of data they send.

Is that correct?

As long as you have a web server exposed, you cannot stop anybody and
everybody sending packets to it, for good purposes or foul. You can
cause your outermost firewall to drop packets, either from a blacklist
of disallowed addresses or from all hosts except those on an allowed
whitelist of hosts. That should reduce the traffic you see
significantly.

You should in any case instruct your firewall to drop all incoming
packets on all ports except those you specifically need.

Alternatively, you can change your ISP to one that offers unlimited
service. I am happy with Zen, and would be happy to switch to Andrews &
Arnold if I needed to.

Re: System getting slower and slower (debian Testing)

[Laurent Debian]

Hi,
please ignore the previous message
It seems that upgrading from 6-0-1 to 6-0-5 fix the problem (that or
autoremove)
regards,
Laurent


Le dim. 17 déc. 2023 à 10:44, Laurent Debian  a
écrit :

> Dear All,
> I am running debian Testing,
> I did two things recently, upgrading the debian and changing my graphic
> cards (radeon RX 570 -> radeon RX 7600).
>  Before that my desktop was in good shape, quite reactive and so on.
> For a few days  I have experienced a super slow system with a lot of lag.
> I first thought of not enough free space but it does not seem to be the
> case
> I can't even play  an audio files, without having it stutter, not to
> mention videos or audio online.
> A lot of problems seem to show in the dmesg output related to the graphic
> driver but I don't know what to do :/
> Any help would be appreciated !
>
> Regards,
> Laurent
>

Re: dhcpd.conf Q?

[debian-user]

gene heskett  wrote:

[snip]
> I use nano a lot, but it could use a larger font for these ancient
> eyeballs. 

nano runs in a terminal so it doesn't control the font - the terminal
does. How you change the font size in a terminal depends on which
terminal program you are using. I expect $ man xterm (or whatever) will
be helpful.

[snip]

Re: why would "tr --complement --squeeze-repeats ..." append the substitution char once more? ...

[debian-user]

Albretch Mueller  wrote:
> echo "abc123" > file.txt
> ftype=$(file --brief file.txt)
> echo "// __ \$ftype: |${ftype}|"
> ftypelen=${#ftype}
> echo "// __ \$ftypelen: |${ftypelen}|"
> 
> # removing spaces ...
> ftype2=$(echo "${ftype}" | tr --complement --squeeze-repeats
> '[A-Za-z0-9.]' '_');
> echo "// __ \$ftype2: |${ftype2}|"
> ftype2len=${#ftype2}
> echo "// __ \$ftype2len: |${ftype2len}|"
> 
> lbrtchx

Short answer. tr doesn't append anything. echo does output a linefeed
at the end of the string, unless you stop it. tr dutifully translates
that to an underscore.

Re: Image handling in mutt

[debian-user]

songbird  wrote:
>  wrote:
> > On Sun, Dec 10, 2023 at 01:28:20PM -0500, songbird wrote:  
> >>  wrote:  
> 
>   there is rarely a need to e-mail me directly.
> 
> >> ...  
> >> > That's why I cringe when people name executables "foo.sh". What
> >> > do you do when you decide to rewrite the thing in C (or Rust, or
> >> > whatever)?
> >> >
> >> > Do you go over all calling sites and change the caller's code?  
> >> 
> >>   no, i would just consider it a transition or a change
> >> in versions.  :)  
> >
> > Again. You have one script, say /usr/local/bin/ring-the-bells.sh
> > You use it in several other scripts. If you now re-implement it
> > in your favourite Pascal as ring-the-bells.pas or something, you
> > go over all your executables and fix that?
> >
> > IMO an executable name should indicate /what/ an executable does,
> > not /how/.  
> 
>   i'm fine with that, but i'm also capable enough to know
> how to search through a code base to find all the strings
> i might need to change.

You make the anti-heroic assumption that your code is never used
outside of your control (or specifically, outside of your code base).

>   i just scanned a few of my projects and noted i do not
> use the .sh extension much at all for the binaries/executables,
> but parts of the code may have that extension.

That's a fine choice, as long as none of the internals will be exposed
externally, IMHO. Though I confess I do often add a .pl extension to
filenames :(

PS I suspect tomas sent mail to you for the same reason I nearly did,
namely that you or your mailer explicitly asked for it with a reply-to
header. Certainly my claws MUA interprets that as meaning you want a
copy too.

Re: Hardware TOTP on Linux

[debian-user]

piorunz  wrote:
> On 06/12/2023 07:45, Andre Rodier wrote:
> > If you also know a small phone supporting Debian, it could be fine
> > as well. **I don't need phone functions like, bluetooth, wifi,
> > etc.**  
> 
> Pinephone tick this box. It works quite well, for early development
> Linux phone. Operating system you want is Mobian, which is Debian
> (original Debian repos) + Linux kernel which works on this device and
> phone GUI stuff.

Maybe even a Pine Time Dev Kit ticks the box? Apart from the Debian
requirement :P

Re: debian forgot usr pw

[debian-user]

y...@vienna.at wrote:
> On Fri, 8 Dec 2023 12:17:35 +0700
>   Max Nikulin  wrote:
> > 
> > On 08/12/2023 08:49, gene heskett wrote:  
> >> I've now set a root pw, about 34 chars, so they'll be a couple
> >> eons 
> >>guessing it AND (horrors) have written it down.  
> > 
> > Consider pass phrases.
> > 
> > 
> > Deep Dive: EFF's New Wordlists for Random Passphrases
> > By Joseph Bonneau July 19, 2016
> > 
> > is declared to be an improvement of diceware.  
> 
> What is diceware?

Try asking google

> Why trust EFF?

See above

> > kepassxc supports generation of pass phrases based on the EFF word 
> >list. A couple of memorable pass phrases (for different scopes) may 
> >protect other passwords stored in a password manager.
> > 
> > https://xkcd.com/936/ Password Strength  
> 
> Or trusting "https://xkcd.com/936/ Password Strength" ?

Nobody's asking you to?

Re: how to firefox settings

[debian-user]

fxkl4...@protonmail.com wrote:
> on a page in firefox use tools -> page info -> permissions
> i notice override keyboard shortcuts is set to allow
> where can i change the defaults for this

Defaults are built-in; you can't change them (except by modifying the
source and recompiling).

You can turn off the Use defaults button and then change Allow or Block
as you wish. That's what the popup allows.

Re: Isolated Web Co Session crash Firefox-ESR

[debian-user]

Karl Vogel  wrote:
> On Wed, Dec 06, 2023 at 06:04:36AM +0100, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:
> > On Wed, Dec 06, 2023 at 02:42:32AM +0800, jeremy ardley wrote:
> >   
> > > I have discovered a magic bullet for solving running out of memory
> > >   sudo sync; sudo sh -c 'echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches'
> > > Sadly it looks like I'll need to do this daily,  
> > 
> > It's the browsers eating your memory. That's what they do.  
> 
>   I've had problems with Firefox eating my swap on both Linux and
> FreeBSD. My fix has been to run the swap2ram script below hourly.

TBF FF has stopped eating memory & swap since it updated to 115.5.0 ESR

Re: Telnet

[debian-user]

gene heskett  wrote:
> On 12/4/23 05:22, Anssi Saari wrote:
> > debian-u...@howorth.org.uk writes:
> >   
> >>> I concur, and would add that even on an isolated network one
> >>> should prefer ssh. First, to be in the right habit. Second
> >>> because it will do things that telnet won't, like tunnel X.  
> >>
> >> Ah but will it tunnel wayland?? Enquiring minds want to know :)  
> > 
> > Yes.
> >   
> yes here too.

Thanks guys :)
I was under the impression wayland didn't do networks. I live and learn.

> Cheers, Gene Heskett.

Re: Telnet

[debian-user]

Charles Curley  wrote:
> On Sun, 3 Dec 2023 14:01:38 -0500
> Greg Wooledge  wrote:
> 
> > The question is whether anyone should be running a telnetd *server*.
> > On an isolated network, it might be acceptable.  But it's really a
> > bad habit that should be stomped out aggressively, as machines
> > which are currently on an isolated network might not remain there
> > forever.  
> 
> I concur, and would add that even on an isolated network one should
> prefer ssh. First, to be in the right habit. Second because it will do
> things that telnet won't, like tunnel X.

Ah but will it tunnel wayland?? Enquiring minds want to know :)

Re: Mailing List

[debian-user]

Pocket  wrote:
> Anyone one else having trouble with the mailing list?
> 
> Have received any messages since Nov 30
> 
> I can not tell if I am still subscribed
> 
> I get
> 
>   Error: Overload
> 
> On the https://lists.debian.org/users.html page

Your message made it to the list. Various people commented and you can
see them in the archive as well as your own post at:

https://lists.debian.org/msgid-search/14a3f8ab-8475-45c2-ae1c-b05ab135c...@columbus.rr.com

FWIW, I haven't noticed anything strange but I haven't been observing
closely.

Re: Hardware Advice Wanted: Router

[debian-user]

Roberto C. Sánchez  wrote:
> On Mon, Nov 13, 2023 at 03:57:28PM -0700, Charles Curley wrote:
> > My FIT-PCs that provide network services are getting old, and i386
> > Linux is slowly fading away. So I would like to replace them with a
> > router/gateway computer.
> > 
> > It should run Debian.
> > 
> > It should either have two gigabit (or better) Ethernet interfaces or
> > have suitable expansion capability.
> > 
> > It should be quiet: no fans, and low power requirements. A small
> > physical footprint would be nice.
> > 
> > Most of the time it will run headless, but occasionally I will need
> > to stick a monitor and keyboard on it. VGA will do fine.
> > 
> > It will be a router. It will have at least DNS, DHCP, apt-cacher-ng
> > and firewalld on it. Modest disk and RAM will be fine.
> > 
> > WiFi is handled elsewhere for now, but I won't turn it down.
> > 
> > SSD for storage would be nice, although the FIT-PCs do fine with IDE
> > spinning rust.
> >   
> I am in the process of solving almost the exact same problem. At the
> moment, this is my leading candidate:
> https://www.newegg.com/neosmay-kc12-alder-lake/p/2SW-006Y-00074
> 
> In my case, I also use my router as a backup server, so I wanted dual
> storage. If you can get by without that, then this much cheaper
> machine might work for you:
> https://www.newegg.com/p/2SW-006Y-00079
> 
> I haven't purchased either one yet, but I plan to purchase the first
> in the coming weeks.

The price of the first one goes up in 5 days, so don't leave it weeks!
 
> Regards,
> 
> -Roberto
> 

Re: Request advice on Optimal Combo-usage of Gmail and Mailman, as mentioned in Msg-Id. "2023/11/msg00443"

[debian-user]

"Susmita/Rajib"  wrote:
> I have been listening to the conversations on my thread begun with my
> post https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2023/11/msg00505.html
> 
> In my first email itself I had mentioned that I use "Gmail webmail
> email-server".

So have I, mostly for my amusement.
 
> Yet in one of the replies I received, I get a comment like, "...
> It sounds like whatever you are using to read email (your MUA) is
> not very good. What software are you using for that purpose? You
> mention Gmail, but as far as I know (I am not a Gmail user myself),
> Gmail's web interface does do threading properly ..."
> 
> In these cases I am really concerned by the short attention and memory
> span of some users. I wonder how far they will proceed in their
> professions. I would have read a post thoroughly, ensured that I have
> understood it, then replied. Otherwise, I wouldn't have replied at all
> until I considered myself competent to reply.

Welcome to the real world. You may choose how to behave and others may
choose differently. How they choose to behave here may well be
different to how they behave in other places, for example, so it's
dangerous to extrapolate without further evidence. But people here do
generally try to help those, like you, who come to seek help. The onus
is on those who seek help to be tolerant of those who offer it, and not
to always expect perfection from everybody.

> I am not that tormented by a lack of social interactions that I would
> jump on to a conversation without due diligence just to relieve myself
> of my social isolation.
> 
> There is more garbage that follows from the individual, but I shall
> choose to ignore, and not unnecessarily waste my time on such
> individuals, but prefer to engage with Mr. David, Mr. George, Mr.
> Verdier and other such constructive co-users.

Frankly this is insulting and I suggest you apologize for it.

> To Mr. Rogers, I would say that Gmail and Google were successful
> because they offered plenty of space for all files, including emails,
> to be kept organised in one place. That serves me fine.
> 
> Earlier, I used to use webmail clients that were set up to handle
> IMAP, beginning with thunderbird. For a time, I used claws mail. Then
> as time progressed I found it better and lighter to use the Gmail
> webmail interface accessed from firefox-esr. I seldom had the
> necessity for complex threading options, so I didn't need an email
> client / email reader / Message (or mail) User Agent.

To each their own. You have chosen one path and I happen to have chosen
a different one. I have plenty of space on my own disks for my own
email and everything else, and I prefer to keep it all myself. I use
claws and am happy with it. I use POP3 and am happy with it. I don't
have a google account, nor any social media account, and I don't have
any android phone/device because I don't have a google account. (I
tried using f-droid but found it too limiting). I'm happy with my own
arrangements, just as you are happy with yours.

> There is one problem with Gmail, Mr. Verdier. If I reply to my own
> email, ensuring that I have kept a portion of the header intact, to
> reply to say debian-user@lists..., and changed/added/altered the
> subject line to [solved] or [was ...], and send it, Gmail invariably
> treats that email as a different subject and shows it as a separate
> conversation (or thread, as I say). Yes, I agree with Mr. David to
> better use 'Thread' as 'Conversation' instead.
> 
> In the end, what to me appears to be lacking from Debian side is a
> user(or client) side email interface for us to send emails directly
> to, and configure our settings to optionally receive from, the Debian
> Mailing Lists, bypassing the middleman interface like Gmail webmail.
> There is a native Debian interface for Bug Reporting. But nothing
> more. I might be mistaken in my perception. Please correct me if I am.

Well you can always reply through the Debian web interface. e.g.
https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2023/11/msg00551.html

Or you can use claws as I do. And I'm sure there are many other ways.
But none of the ways involve Debian having to do anything different.

> But a disclaimer: Team Debian, please don't get me wrong: you have
> already done enough for us, or to phrase myself better, we have done
> enough for ourselves already, continuing to have our freedom from the
> constant bombardment of commercial advertisements that we as Android
> users occasionally suffer from.

Speak for yourself. I don't use android.

> Ok, then it appears that I would have to live with this difficulty
> presently until gmail improves its webmail application to something
> like SmartList. If adequate buzz is made on social media, maybe Google
> could buy SmartList or strik

Re: How could the missing MySQL extension required by WordPress be installed?

[debian-user]

Marco  wrote:
> Am 11.11.2023 06:58 schrieb Susmita/Rajib:
> 
> > mysqli
> > 
> > MysqlI Support => enabled
> > Client API library version => mysqlnd 7.4.33
> > Active Persistent Links => 0
> > Inactive Persistent Links => 0
> > Active Links => 0  
> 
> Can you now try to create your own php script that makes use of that
> to test it?
> 

No, no, no. He shouldn't be installing PHP on his machine! It's a
security nightmare he's opening himself up to and it won't solve his
problem anyway!

Re: How could the missing MySQL extension required by WordPress be installed?

[debian-user]

"Susmita/Rajib"  wrote:
> Dear illustrious leaders and the senior members, Debian-user ML,
> 
> I liked the following two papers of Prof. Shri C K Raju:
> ajol-file-journals_601_articles_221195_submission_proof_221195-7072-545591-1-10-20220325.pdf
> https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajct/article/download/221195/210502
> ajol-file-journals_601_articles_222634_submission_proof_222634-7072-544552-1-10-20220309.pdf
> https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajct/article/download/222634/210050
> 
> and I tried to read Prof. Shri C K Raju's  blog pages, say the one at
> http://ckraju.net/blog/?p=189
> 
> I received a Firefox-esr notice:
> "Your PHP installation appears to be missing the MySQL extension which
> is required by WordPress."
> 
> Searching the internet, I reached the Stack Overflow page with the
> partial title:
> Your PHP installation appears to be missing the MySQL extension which
> is required by WordPress
> at:
> https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17694568/php-your-php-installation-appears-to-be-missing-the-mysql-extension-which-is-r#22779915
> 
> I followed both the first solution and the approved solution.

Hmm, you seem to be chasing fairies. PHP is a server-side technology,
so I don't think the error message is telling you that you have
something wrong. It's telling you that http://ckraju.net has something
wrong. It's not very helpful but if you want to look at the blog, you
need to contact him and ask him to fix his website.

Re: How to use dmsetuup?

[debian-user]

Andy Smith  wrote:
> Hello,
> 
> On Wed, Nov 08, 2023 at 05:19:01PM -0700, Tom Dial wrote:
> > On 11/7/23 17:19, gene heskett wrote:  
> > > What do I do if a gpt partition table has already been made and
> > > an ext4 system is already installed? IOW just how "bare" a disk
> > > is needed? Is writing a null gpt sufficient?  
> 
> > You can ignore them, or not, as you like. If you want, you could
> > overwrite them with zeros or a pattern of your choice; I would not
> > bother.  
> 
> You do need to be very careful if you have put a GPT label on a
> device and then incompletely wiped the device in order to use it for
> something else that doesn't involve a GPT label.
> 
> The reason for that is, there are several motherboards (EFI
> firmwares?) out there that consider a missing GPT label with a
> backup GPT present to be an indication that the device is corrupt.
> They then helpfully copy the backup GPT back to the start of the
> disk, corrupting any data that was there already.

Yes, that kind of thing is why I always put a couple of small, unused
partitions at the start and end of a disk that's to be used for LVM.

Partition the disk as normal using GPT and then put LVM on the middle
partition.

> Example:
> 
> https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18541493
> 
> "wipefs -a /dev/sda" shold clear the GPT without having to write to
> the entire device.
> 
> Thanks,
> Andy
> 

Re: How to use dmsetuup?

[debian-user]

David Christensen  wrote:
> On 11/5/23 01:04, Thomas Schmitt wrote:

> > Lesson learnt: Never overwrite the two youngest backups.  
> 
> I try to use the term "backup" to mean a data copying process whereby 
> older data is overwritten by newer data.
> 
> I try to use the term "archive' to mean a data copying process
> whereby the copy is never modified or erased.

You're entitled to do that I suppose, but I don't suppose most other
people do. They separate the words by their meanings and purpose.
Backups are intended for use recovering information that has become
lost. Archives are places to keep information for long term storage.

So your definition of archive is correct. But your definition of backup
isn't. It's perfectly reasonable to have more than one version or age
of backup, but it's also perfectly reasonable to erase them at some
chosen age or version.

It is perfectly reasonable to discuss 'the two youngest backups', IMHO.

Re: How to use dmsetuup?

[debian-user]

to...@tuxteam.de wrote:
> On Sat, Nov 04, 2023 at 01:20:08PM -0400, gene heskett wrote:
> 
> [...]
> 
> > Indeed it does clarify the mechanics. thank you. Now do I have to
> > zero them first before I can then create (pvcreate) them,  
> 
> Not necessarily. Unless, of course, there are sensitive data on them.
> 
> The process would go roughly:

I agree with what Tomas has said, but I would add a step before
creating the PVs.

# partition your devices
I usually put a small partition at the start of the disk and
another small one at the end (these are protection against some
kind of errors that can occur - you just leave them blank) and then
create a single large partition using the rest of the space on the
device for use by LVM.

There doesn't seem much point in having more than one LVM partition
on a device to me (as suggested below)?

>   # put the necessary PV metadata on your raw devices
>   pvcreate /dev/foo1 /dev/foo2 ...
> 
>   # make them to a volume group named my-volgroup
>   vgcreate my-volgroup /dev/foo1 /dev/foo2 ...
> 
>   # cut out a logical volume from that, named my-logvol
>   lvcreate --name my-logvol my-volgroup
> 
>   # put a file system on that logical volume
>   mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/my-logvol
> 
>   # mount it
>   mount /dev/mapper/my-logvol /home
> 
> Now convince your boot setup to add the logical vols
> and mount them (this somehow involves fstab).
> 
> Perhaps this [1] page is enlightening (just disregard the
> talk about vagrant(. I'm not yet quite sure you really
> want this, but hey. Learning new tricks is what keeps one
> happy.
> 
> In my case I actually have a volume group (spanning a single
> physical device), but the use case is different: the physical
> device is encrypted (laptops get lost) and I wanted to have
> several partitions on it (and still move space from the one
> to the other in a pinch).
> 
> Cheers & enjoy
> 
> [1] https://linuxhandbook.com/lvm-guide/

Re: How to compare one folder to one directory

[debian-user]

"Loris Bennett"  wrote:
>  writes:
> 
> > On Thu, Nov 02, 2023 at 09:12:45AM -0500, John Hasler wrote:  
> >> Loris Bennett wrote:  
> >> > What's the objection to 'folder'?  I don't use it myself, but it
> >> > seems fairly reasonable to me.  Many desktop environments use an
> >> > old hanging folder icon in their file browsers.  
> >> 
> >> tomas writes:  
> >> > This is Microsoft jargon.  
> >> 
> >> It comes from the Xerox "desktop metaphor".  The idea was to hide
> >> scary technical jargon behind familiar office jargon.  
> >
> > Yup -- Wikipedia says either Xerox or SRI.  
> 
> Personally I don't see "directory" as being more scary or technical
> than "folder".  They are both words from the pre-computer age which
> have been repurposed, just as the term "computer" now no longer
> refers to a human who performs computations.

While I belong to the 'directory is the correct term' school of
thought, I can see how the idea of a folder is a thing that contains
other things (and specifically files sometimes) appeals, whilst a
[telephone] directory is just a thick book.

Re: Alternative to NetworkManager on Debian 12

[debian-user]

 wrote:
> On Wed, Nov 01, 2023 at 10:17:16AM -0400, Felix Miata wrote:
> > to...@tuxteam.de composed on 2023-11-01 12:12 (UTC+0100):
> >   
> > > More "down to the bolts" folks use ifupdown (I do). If I stick an
> > > Ethernet cable into my laptop I want to be able to say "sudo ifup
> > > eth0".   
> > 
> > That's more than I need to do. systemd-networkd.socket notices and
> > appropriately responds to the ethernet cable connection without any
> > help from me.  
> 
> But this is exactly what I /don't/ want "just happening". That's why
> I am more than happy with plain, simple ifupdown.

Exactly. If the cable goes down, for example, I want TCP connections to
stay intact and continue when it is plugged back in! What is
'appropriate' when a physical connection goes down is entirely
dependent on circumstances.

> I was just pointing at the fact that even ifupdown can automatically
> bring up an interface on connect (cf. allow-hotplug), courtesy of
> udev.
> 
> So many ways to cut the cake :-)
> 
> Cheers

Re: Need help with PGP signature verification

[debian-user]

"Thomas Schmitt"  wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> Tom Browder wrote:
> > I'm willing to trust published PGP key fingerprints for signers of
> > Rakudo downloadable files.  
> 
> Do i get it right that you talk about https://rakudo.org/downloads ?
> 
> > Question:  How can I get the fingerprint from the downloads? 
> > The products I download are (1) the file of interest, (2) a PGP
> > signed checksums file with various shaX hashes for the file, and
> > (3) a separate file containing a PGP signature.  
> 
> The "Verify" button at above web page leads to
>   https://rakudo.org/downloads/verifying
> which explains how to use sha256 and gpg2 for verification.
> Most importantly it lists the fingerprints of the four "Keys of the
> releasers". If gpg2 --verify reports any other fingerprint, then
> the .asc file cannot be trusted.
> 
> (It is not overly trustworthy that fingerprints and the signed files
> are offered on the same web site. Once the site is compromised, both
> can be manipulated by the attacker.)

That's why the page suggests that the developers' also list their
fingerprints on their github pages, I suspect. Which they do.

Re: Does the debian kernel sends the gratuitous arp ?

[debian-user]

Geert Stappers  wrote:
> On Fri, Oct 06, 2023 at 09:19:32PM +0200, Geert Stappers wrote:
> > On Fri, Oct 06, 2023 at 05:52:16PM +0530, Balaji G wrote:  
> > > Hi,
> > > I am using "Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)" with kernel
> > > version 5.16.12. When i do a link up/down i don't see any
> > > Gratuitous ARP being sent.  
> > 
> > ARP  
> 
> Address Resolution Protocol
> 
>   
> > > # echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eno5np0/arp_notify  
> > 
> > Probably transmitted "I tried to enforce ARP notification"
> > 
> >   
> > > # ip link set down dev eno5np0
> > > # ip link set up dev eno5np0  
> > 
> > link  
> 
> As in "the link layer"
>   
>  
> > > Captured all the packets via tcpdump & the tcpdump is not showing
> > > any Gratuitous ARP packets.  
> > 
> > Why should it? (Yes, that is a serious question.)  
>  
> As opening question for further discussion.
> 
> Because I like the question
>   Does the Debian kernel sends the gratuitous ARP ?
> 
> I think the answer is   YES
> and I very curious when gratuitous ARP is ommitted.
> 
>   
> > > But, with the same commands i could see the Gratuitous ARP being
> > > sent in Red hat.9.0 (Plow).  
> > 
> > I think more factors have been change as kernel.  
>  
> As invitation for telling how the comparsion was done.
> 
> 
> > > So, please let me know if this is a specific scenario in Debian
> > > 11 ??  
> > 
> > I state that the OP, Original Poster, is the specific scenario.
> > Yeah, that is a blunt statement.  Now hear me out.
> > 
> > Gratuitous ARP is "linking" MAC-address and  IP-address.
> > 
> > During `ip link set down dev eno5np0` and `ip link set up dev
> > eno5np0` are NO IP-addresses involved.
> > 
> > So there is no need for ARP.
> > 
> > 
> > I do hope to see a follow-up message like:
> > 
> >Re-did the test with a static IP-address on the interface
> >and indeed see a gratuitous ARP
> > 
> > or some thing like
> > 
> >To reproduce the missing gratuitous ARP do ...
> > 
> > Yeah, that might reveal more information about dev eno5np0.
> > 
> >
> > > Thanks,
> > > Balaji  
> > 
> > Groeten
> > Geert Stappers  
> 
> Because in https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2023/10/msg00212.html
> I wrote "Lets follow-up
> https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2023/10/msg00181.html "

If you'll forgive me stepping in ...

I suspect neither Geert's nor Balaji's first language is English, and
independently notice that Geert writes in a somewhat terse style whilst
Balaji omits potentially useful information (such as the actual tcpdump
output). So I'll add my summary of what I understand:

Gert is pointing out that ARP packets are sent in connection with
resolving the IP address associated with a MAC address, and that
nothing that Balaji has posted suggests that an IP address has been
allocated yet, so there would be no reason for a Gratuitous ARP packet
to be sent.

So he is interested to learn how the IP address is set up on both the
Debian system and the Red Hat system (static or DHCP or something
else?) and I suspect would ideally like to see sufficient message logs
to demonstrate the truth of the answers.

Specifically, on the Debian system is the IP address set statically,
and are there any packets containing the IP address in the logs? Either
transmitted or received. Similarly for the Red Hat system but perhaps
less important.

> Groeten
> Geert Stappers

Re: How can I get verbose shutdown from the GUI (Mate)?

[debian-user]

Ottavio Caruso  wrote:
> Am 03/10/2023 um 10:43 schrieb Bret Busby:
> > Also, why do you not use, instead of the command that you specified,
> > shutdown -h
> > or, (if instead, wanted, for example, after doing a kernel update)
> > shutdown -r
> > ?  
> 
> Because all of these are just an alias to systemctl poweroff as per 
> systemctl man page.

But shutdown -h or halt or reboot is less to type, so your explanation
explains the effect but not the reason for using the longer version.

Re: btrfs snapshots (of root file system)?

[debian-user]

hw  wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> with btrfs, how do I make a snapshot of the root file system?  The
> purpose is to update software and being able to go back to a previous
> state if necessary.
> 
> There doesn't seem to be a command to create snapshots but only
> subvolumes?  How does a subvolume turn into a snapshot?  (The root
> file system is, of course, not on a subvolume.)
> 
> How do I merge snapshots?  IIRC, when you remove a ZFS snapshot, the
> older state is merged to the state the snapshot is in.  Apparently
> btrfs can only delete snapshots --- and it seems like a bad idea to
> delete the root file system.  How would I boot from it when it's been
> deleted?
> 
> Can I make a snapshot on a different volume?  The manpage doesn't say
> that the destination of a subvolume must be on the same volume, and in
> any case, I should be able to do that.

google says:

https://archive.kernel.org/oldwiki/btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/SysadminGuide.html#Snapshots

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/btrfs
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/snapper

https://fedoramagazine.org/working-with-btrfs-snapshots/

https://linuxhint.com/use-btrfs-snapshots/

Re: PATH revisited: one PATH to "rule the [Debian] World"

[debian-user]

Tom Browder  wrote:
> Every time I set up a new host, I have to jump through the hoops
> trying to get the same PATH for ordinary users as well as root,
> regardless of how they log in. Reading the man pages doesn't help my
> old brain with all the caveats.
> 
> Can anyone offer a foolproof, programmatic solution to my conumdrum?

Setting the same path for ordinary users as for root sounds like
something only a fool would do, so I don't think there's a foolproof
way to do it.

Perhaps if you explained exactly what you want to achive somebody could
help.

> Thanks.
> 
> -Tom

Re: Can't mount NFS NAS after major upgrade

[debian-user]

Steve Matzura  wrote:
 
> mount /mnt/bigvol1/dir-1 /home/steve/dir-1 -o bind,ro

In addition to what others have observed it might be worth mentioning
that the -v option to mount (i.e. verbose) often gives more information
about what's going on.

Re: Chromium under Xfce/bookworm anyone?

[debian-user]

Celejar  wrote:
 
> I have no choice - there's at least one important site (of a major
> financial institution) that I need that simply doesn't work with
> Firefox.

If I had anything to do with any financial institution, major or not,
that was so incompetent that their website wasn't browser agnostic I
would rapidly disengage myself from any involvement with that financial
institution. I care about my money!

Actually, I can generalise that. I don't do business with any
organisation whose website won't work in FF.

Re: just a question about the iwlwifi_20230515-3 file

[debian-user]

Charles Curley  wrote:
> On Tue, 5 Sep 2023 19:47:00 +
> "Andrew M.A. Cater"  wrote:
> 
> > At this point, you are not root and so dpkg -i complains.  
> 
> Actually she is root (the # in the prompt, and the username@host at
> the beginning of the prompt, assuming she hasn't played with her
> prompts). What she does not have, apparently, is ldconfig or
> start-stop-daemon in her path, as dpkg diagnosed at the end of that
> message. This is likely due to gaining root privileges without
> setting the path correctly.
> 
> E.g. gaining root privileges with "su" vs. "su -i".

Isn't -i a sudo option rather than an su option?

> Sorry to nitpick, but I hope the OP is will read this and, I hope,
> learn from it.

Re: door bell like sound effect

[debian-user]

gene heskett  wrote:
> On 8/28/23 12:20, zithro wrote:
> > On 28 Aug 2023 09:29, gene heskett wrote:  
> >> Greetings;
> >>
> >> odd request:  
> > 
> > Yeah, almost unreal ^^
> >   
> >>
> >> Somewhere, for some unk reason, there is a sound file file that
> >> plays at max volume, usually around 2 AM or slightly later, that
> >> is very similar to the 40 yo doorbell in this house. A bing-bong
> >> sound that differs from the real doorbell by maybe 5hz in pitch.
> >> Wakes me up, spoiling a good nights sleep, maybe a dozen times a
> >> year an apparently random dates.  
> > 
> > Have you checked all the cron files and the systemd timers ?  
> 
> cron yes, systemd timers no, don't know how.
> 
> >> To aid in finding it, what extension might that file be carrying
> >> to indicate its a .snd fle, which according to grep on ls -lR's
> >> output, does not exist in the thousands of files under hundreds of
> >> random names.  
> 
> The keyword above is extension, the find/grep tools seem to find a
> match anywhere in a filename. getting a thousand hits, none of which
> are the last 4 chars of a name.

RTFM? Or Larry's email :) And look for all the 'extensions' people have
mentioned.
 
> > What if you didn't use an extension when you created the audio
> > file ? 
> >> This file that sounds exactly like my doorbell has existed on my 
> >> 24/7/365.25 on main system for at least 20 years. I'd like to A.
> >> find it, B. find what condition uses it, fix the condition, or
> >> even delete it.  
> > 
> > Maybe find the script(s) where you use this sound ?
> > I mean to find HOW you played this sound, ie. with which
> > application. With ALSA, you could have used "aplay FILE.wav", but
> > you could also have used xmms, audacity, VLC, mpv, etc.  
> 
> Its usually in the middle of the night, waking me up because it is as 
> loud as the real door bell would be. Last Saturday was unusual as it 
> sounded off at 2:06 and 6:58 EDT.  Never occurred while I'm sitting 
> here. Most of the noises it makes are 30 db quieter.

So don't try to find it when it happens. Just make a note of the exact
time and look in the morning after breakfast and coffee!

Re: LaTex Unicode entry issues

[debian-user]

Charles Kroeger  wrote:
> I just have a really large list of UTF-8 characters and if I need one
> I copy it and zap it in. I suppose this is not cool but, chacun a son
> gout.
> 
> a fun site if you want to write someone in UTF-8 runes.
> 
> https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/examples/UTF-8-demo.txt

Gah! A mindworm. My browser shows boxes instead of characters for the
runes, but that's not what's got me.

The second column of the Thai poems is not aligned in my browser :(

But it is in my terminal. But not in gedit or tea or LO. Even when I
set LO to use Hack, which is the font my terminal says it is using.

So now I'm deep in the rabbit holes. Why do fonts behave like that! !!

> ⅩⅩⅥ - Ⅷ - ⅯⅯⅩⅩⅢ

Re: btrfs check Causes File Corruption

[debian-user]

"Longhao.Chen"  wrote:
> Hello everyone, I use Btrfs as the file system on my laptop.
> Yesterday, I was preparing to backup a snapshot to an external hard
> drive using btrfs send, and the following error occurred:
>
> ERROR: send ioctl failed with -5: Input/Output error

I use btrfs but don't know much about it :( I certainly know nothing
about btrfs send, but the error seems to suggest perhaps an error with
the send rather than with reading the source?
 
> I used btrfs scrub to scan the disk, and the result was:

Why not btrfs check?

> Error summary:csum=1
> 
> Corrected:  0
> 
> Uncorrectable:  1
> 
> Unverified: 0

OK so that sounds like a hardware problem.

> Afterwards, I booted a LiveCD and ran:
> 
> btrfs check --init-csum-tree
> 
> During the running process, many outputs similar to this appeared:
> 
> root 1380 inode 5006723 errors 2001, no inode item, link count wrong
> unresolved ref dir 1164151 index 1566 namelen 28 name 
> filetype 1 errors 4, no inode ref
> 
> Then I found that the file in the above  had disappeared.
> At this point, I immediately backed up all the existing files and
> then used:
> 
> btrfs check --repair
> 
> btrfs rescue
> 
> in an attempt to recover the lost files, but was unsuccessful.
> 
> The current issues are:
> 
> How do I recover the lost files?

From a backup? I think they're gone from the source. (But what do I
know)
 
> Why does btrfs check --init-csum-tree cause file loss? Is this a bug?

Seems unlikely. Why do you think the command causes the file loss? Why
do you not think the corruption was already there? And did you read the
DANGEROUS description in the docs?

> LiveCD information:
> 
> Linux ubuntu 6.2.0-26-generic #26~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC
> Thu Jul 13 16:27:29 UTC 2 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
> 
> Thank you for your help.

As already suggested, you might do better looking elsewhere for help.
Perhaps the linux-btrfs mailing list?

Re: Looking for a good "default" font (small 'L' vs. capital 'i' problem)

[debian-user]

Cindy Sue Causey  wrote:

> My own mind went to the place of thinking sans serif was about those
> very lines. I just didn't make it to thinking that would make it hard
> to find any alternate in that family.
> 
> My long time preference is developer-weary-eye-friendly
> fonts-anonymous-pro for whatever applications will accept it. Found it
> accidentally a few years ago. Its differences are noticeable enough
> that I instantly miss it on new operating system installs.
> 
> The "apt-cache show" description for fonts-anonymous-pro specifically
> references both 0 v. O and I v. l v. 1:
> 
> "Description-en: fixed width font designed for coders
>  This package contains two Font Families.
>   - Anonymous Pro
>   - Anonomous Pro Minus
>  .
>  'Anonymous Pro' is a family of four fixed-width fonts designed
>  especially with coding in mind. Characters that could be mistaken for
>  one another (O, 0, I, l, 1, etc.) have distinct shapes to make them
>  easier to tell apart in the context of source code.

Terminal fonts tend to be fixed width since that's a property of
terminals. Fixed width fonts tend to have serifs because it's easier to
make the spacing look more even between inherently narrow characters
and inherently wide ones using details like serifs.

So finding a sans serif font amongst terminal fonts is likely a
difficult cause.

Re: UNUBSCRIBE

[debian-user]

Greg Wooledge  wrote:
> On Fri, Aug 11, 2023 at 01:52:53PM +, davidson wrote:
> > I guess this means that any of us could have bounced^[1] the OP's
> > mail straight to
> > 
> >  debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org  
> 
> Except then the user would not learn how to unsubscribe correctly, and
> someone would have to keep doing it for them every time this comes up
> in the future.

The OP hasn't even learned how to spell, let alone anything more
complicated :)

Re: Why or why not back up "/lost+found"

[debian-user]

 wrote:
> On Thu, Aug 10, 2023 at 03:42:01PM -0400, Default User wrote:
> > Hi!
> > 
> > When backing up my system I have been using this exclusions list: 
> > 
> > /dev/*
> > /proc/*
> > /sys/*
> > /tmp/*
> > /run/*
> > /mnt/*
> > /media/*
> > /lost+found
> > 
> > There are many sources online that suggest that "/lost+found"
> > should be excluded from backups, but I can't seem to find a good
> > explanation for why.  
> 
> Squinting the other way (which doesn't contradict what others have
> said in this thread): if you see anything in lost+found, the idea
> is that you do something about it (rescue it, throw it away). Thus,
> the content of lost+found is (or should be) as temporary as, say,
> /tmp. And you don't back up that.
> 
> So I'd tend to exclude the special "lost+found" dirs (perhaps not
> any dir called like that). But then, it's not that important.
> 
> Cheers

One other consideration that I haven't seen mentioned elsewhere in this
thread is what happens if you back up filesystems to filesystems? That
is, if the backup for /home is an ext-? filesystem it may well already
have a /lost+found directory. That directory is hopefully empty but if
not then it contains data related to errors on the backup system, so
you do not want to overwrite it! I suspect that may be why it is
conventionally excluded from backups. It's normally empty so there's no
point in copying it. If there's anything in it on the original or the
backup, then that's a more urgent problem than a backup.

FWIW, I just don't use ext-? filesystems so I don't have to worry.

Re: logging no longer standard?

[debian-user]

gene heskett  wrote:
> Someplace where an AppImage looking for a missing dependency might
> express its displeasure at not finding everything it needs?

I've always thought that was a main advantage of starting anything from
the command line - there's an obvious place for the output - the
terminal.

Re: debian image questions

[debian-user]

Andy Smith  wrote:
> Hi Bill,
> 
> Your question is more suited to debian-user so I've redirected
> there. Please send replies there (I've set reply-to for that purpose
> also).
> 
> On Wed, Aug 02, 2023 at 08:40:51PM -0400, Bill Miller wrote:
> > why cant i just install Debian from a digital cloud? i dont
> > understand why i need physical hardware to run digital software?  
> 
> You don't. Roughly 60% of our customers choose Debian¹ (another ~30%
> Ubuntu) to run on their virtual machines and Debian is available on
> all major clouds. Also if you prefer container technology like
> Podman or Docker, Debian is represented on those registries also.
> 
> What are you actually trying to do?

I suspect you both may be misinterpreting the OP's question. I think he
is asking about doing a net install without needing to start with a USB
stick or similar.

AIUI the issue is that the installer is started by booting the system
into it, so some bootable device is needed to boot from. Whether it
would be possible for some application to be written for linux and/or
Windows and/or MacOS etc that downloaded the installer and booted into
it I don't know, but I see some obvious difficulties.

Re: perl module listgarden

[debian-user]

"Russell L. Harris"  wrote:
> On Wed, Aug 02, 2023 at 03:18:12PM -0700, David Christensen wrote:
> >On 8/2/23 14:03, Russell L. Harris wrote:  
> >>I have not used Perl for several years, and I do not know how to
> >>proceed.
> >>I am trying to install Dan Bricklin's RSS feed generator,
> >>ListGarden.
> >>
> >>metacpan.org cannot find the listgarden module.
> >>
> >>Here is the output:
> >>
> >>perl listgarden.pl
> >>Can't locate ListGarden.pm in @INC (you may need to install the
> >>ListGarden module) (@INC contains: /etc/perl
> >>/usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.32.1
> >>/usr/local/share/perl/5.32.1 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.32
> >>/usr/share/perl5 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base
> >>/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.32 /usr/share/perl/5.32
> >>/usr/local/lib/site_perl) at listgarden.pl line 21.
> >>BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at listgarden.pl line 21.  
> >
> >ListGarden does not appear to be a Debian package:
> >
> >https://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=LIstGarden=names=all=all
> >
> >
> >MetaCPAN is unable to find ListGarden:
> >
> >https://metacpan.org/search?size=20=ListGarden
> >
> >STFW "ListGarden" I see:
> >
> >http://www.softwaregarden.com/products/listgarden/
> >
> >Under "How to get it", follow the link "Generic Perl Version":
> >
> >http://www.softwaregarden.com/products/listgarden/plainperl.html
> >
> >The instructions do not mention a Makefile.PL or Build.PL, so it 
> >appears that you will need to install distribution files, adjust the 
> >PERL5LIB environment variable, configure your services/ apps, etc., 
> >manually.  
> 
> Thanks, David.  I did follow the plainperl.html link.  All the files
> came from Dan Bricklin's ListGarden web site.

The module is in the same directory as the perl script. And as the
error message says, your perl is not set to look for it there. You can
add it by invoking the program as:

$ perl -I . ./listgarden.pl

or you can move/copy the module to one of the directories listed.

> Perhaps the Perlmongers mail list still is active.

It is, but why?

> For that matter, is RSS still in use?

Yes
 
> RLH
> 

Re: Is it possible to downgrade openssl?

[debian-user]

Eduardo M KALINOWSKI  wrote:
> On 28/07/2023 17:04, Patrick Wiseman wrote:
> > I have an AppImage from Creality which segfaults with a QT ssl
> > error. Googling tells me that the latest version of OpenSSL (3.x)
> > omits some X509 functionality, which can be found in OpenSSL-1.1.
> > (And someone reports that installing it solves the problem.) But I
> > can't find that package. Is there any way to revert to an earlier
> > version of OpenSSL? I'm on an up-to-date bookworm system.  
> 
> AppImages bundle all the libraries used by the application, so
> changing the "system" version of openssl probably won't work.

It sounds like you need to contact Creality to update the AppImage.
Although
https://forum.manjaro.org/t/creality-slicer-appimage-not-loading-qt-network-ssl-errors/143726
suggests that the AppImage does not contain the OpenSSL library.

But the only 'omission' of X.509 functionality that I can see on
https://www.openssl.org/news/openssl-3.0-notes.html is 
"X509 certificates signed using SHA1 are no longer allowed at security
level 1 or higher. The default security level for TLS is 1, so
certificates signed using SHA1 are by default no longer trusted to
authenticate servers or clients."

I'm not sure I'd want to be deliberately trying to undo a security
upgrade.

Re: How to create /home BTRFS subvolume on a second disk during installation?

[debian-user]

Erick Delgado  wrote:
> Enviado desde mi iPhone
> 
> > El jul. 27, 2023, a la(s) 09:18, Sarunas Burdulis
> >  escribió:
> > 
> > On 7/27/23 07:14, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk wrote:  
> >> [...]
> >> Your image shows that you have three persistent partitions:
> >> /dev/nvme2n1p1 - /boot/efi - vfat
> >> /dev/nvme2n1p3 - / - btrfs
> >> /dev/nvme1n1p1 - /home - btrfs
> >> So that all looks like it's been created exactly as you wished.
> >> The partitioning is not your problem.
> >> I'm sorry but I don't know what might produce messages about HOME
> >> not being found, or the reasons for that.
> > > [...]  
> > 
> > Home partition not being mounted, for example. A look at /etc/fstab
> > might help.
> > 
> > -- 
> > Sarunas Burdulis
> > Dartmouth Mathematics
> > math.dartmouth.edu/~sarunas
> > 
> > · https://useplaintext.email ·
> >   
> I did check it out and still the same.
> Does the installer create the subvolume or no?

Sorry I have no idea what you mean. Checked what out? And what was it
originally if it is still the same?

And as I wrote: "... looks like it's been created exactly as you wished.
The partitioning is not your problem."

What is the content of /etc/fstab?

Re: How to create /home BTRFS subvolume on a second disk during installation?

[debian-user]

Erick Delgado  wrote:
> > El jul. 26, 2023, a la(s) 17:07, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk
> > escribió:
> > 
> > On Wed, 26 Jul 2023 16:27:54 -0400
> > Erick Delgado  wrote:
> >   
> >> Unfortunately I am unable to provide the output by text since I am
> >> only able to login via tty2. I can take a photo of it and send it.
> >> Will that be okay?  
> > 
> > Please keep the conversation on list.
> > And please don't top post.
> > 
> > I'd assumed you knew pretty much what you were doing, since you're
> > trying a somewhat unusual installation for Debian. You can post a
> > photo somewhere if you need to and post a link to the mailing list.
> >   
> >>> El jul. 26, 2023, a la(s) 16:04, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk
> >>> escribió:
> >>> 
> >>> Erick Delgado  wrote:
> >>>> Dear Debian users and developers,
> >>>> I would like to know if it’s possible to create the /home BTRFS
> >>>> subvolume on a second disk (nvme, etc.) during expert
> >>>> installation? If so, how? The reason I ask is because I was
> >>>> following this YouTube video (https://youtu.be/MoWApyUb5w8) and
> >>>> I have tried to do the partition table first (/ on first disk
> >>>> and the /home on the second disk, both BTRFS), then Ctrl + Alt +
> >>>> F2 to the Debian installer shell to create some BTRFS subvolumes
> >>>> on the first disk similar as in the video. The subvolumes for
> >>>> the first disk that I created were @ (for /root), @cache, @log,
> >>>> and @tmp.    
> >>> 
> >>> Err I haven't looked at the video but I think the @ subvolume
> >>> should be for / (i.e. the root directory) rather than for /root
> >>> (i.e. root's home directory). The latter is just a normal
> >>> directory in the former.   
> >>>> After I finish, I proceed to do
> >>>> a minimal installation of Debian. Once I reboot after the
> >>>> complete installation and login through terminal I get a message
> >>>> that HOME is not found and sets HOME=/ (which is very odd since
> >>>> the partition was done). I tried to install the minimal KDE
> >>>> Plasma and tried to login to see what occurs. But can’t login to
> >>>> the desktop because it takes me right back to the login screen.
> >>>> Can someone please help me on this?
> >>>> 
> >>>> Thank you for your time and help.
> >>> 
> >>> Maybe after you boot you could run e.g. df -hT and post the output
> >>> here.   
> >   
> My sincere apologies. I did not notice that the conversation was not
> on the list. Here is a photo link of my df -hT as requested >
> https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xaJ8kyPGMYY32H2cG_pipuwYjXYQQxhn/view?usp=drivesdk
> 
> Thank you for your time and help.

OK, thanks.
Please don't send me a second copy of the mail; I'm subscribed to the
list.

Your image shows that you have three persistent partitions:
/dev/nvme2n1p1 - /boot/efi - vfat
/dev/nvme2n1p3 - / - btrfs
/dev/nvme1n1p1 - /home - btrfs

So that all looks like it's been created exactly as you wished.
The partitioning is not your problem.

I'm sorry but I don't know what might produce messages about HOME not
being found, or the reasons for that. Maybe somebody else can help?
And I never use KDE :(

PS BTW, if your computer has network access then using that to copy
files to another machine that has email might save you having to take
photos and post images.

Re: How to create /home BTRFS subvolume on a second disk during installation?

[debian-user]

On Wed, 26 Jul 2023 16:27:54 -0400
Erick Delgado  wrote:

>Unfortunately I am unable to provide the output by text since I am
>only able to login via tty2. I can take a photo of it and send it.
>Will that be okay?

Please keep the conversation on list.
And please don't top post.

I'd assumed you knew pretty much what you were doing, since you're
trying a somewhat unusual installation for Debian. You can post a photo
somewhere if you need to and post a link to the mailing list.

>> El jul. 26, 2023, a la(s) 16:04, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk escribió:
>> 
>> Erick Delgado  wrote:  
>>> Dear Debian users and developers,
>>> I would like to know if it’s possible to create the /home BTRFS
>>> subvolume on a second disk (nvme, etc.) during expert installation?
>>> If so, how? The reason I ask is because I was following this YouTube
>>> video (https://youtu.be/MoWApyUb5w8) and I have tried to do the
>>> partition table first (/ on first disk and the /home on the second
>>> disk, both BTRFS), then Ctrl + Alt + F2 to the Debian installer
>>> shell to create some BTRFS subvolumes on the first disk similar as
>>> in the video. The subvolumes for the first disk that I created were
>>> @ (for /root), @cache, @log, and @tmp.  
>> 
>> Err I haven't looked at the video but I think the @ subvolume should
>> be for / (i.e. the root directory) rather than for /root (i.e.
>> root's home directory). The latter is just a normal directory in the
>> former. 
>>> After I finish, I proceed to do
>>> a minimal installation of Debian. Once I reboot after the complete
>>> installation and login through terminal I get a message that HOME is
>>> not found and sets HOME=/ (which is very odd since the partition was
>>> done). I tried to install the minimal KDE Plasma and tried to login
>>> to see what occurs. But can’t login to the desktop because it takes
>>> me right back to the login screen. Can someone please help me on
>>> this?
>>> 
>>> Thank you for your time and help.  
>> 
>> Maybe after you boot you could run e.g. df -hT and post the output
>> here. 

Re: How to create /home BTRFS subvolume on a second disk during installation?

[debian-user]

Erick Delgado  wrote:
> Dear Debian users and developers,
> I would like to know if it’s possible to create the /home BTRFS
> subvolume on a second disk (nvme, etc.) during expert installation?
> If so, how? The reason I ask is because I was following this YouTube
> video (https://youtu.be/MoWApyUb5w8) and I have tried to do the
> partition table first (/ on first disk and the /home on the second
> disk, both BTRFS), then Ctrl + Alt + F2 to the Debian installer shell
> to create some BTRFS subvolumes on the first disk similar as in the
> video. The subvolumes for the first disk that I created were @
> (for /root), @cache, @log, and @tmp.

Err I haven't looked at the video but I think the @ subvolume should be
for / (i.e. the root directory) rather than for /root (i.e. root's home
directory). The latter is just a normal directory in the former.

> After I finish, I proceed to do
> a minimal installation of Debian. Once I reboot after the complete
> installation and login through terminal I get a message that HOME is
> not found and sets HOME=/ (which is very odd since the partition was
> done). I tried to install the minimal KDE Plasma and tried to login
> to see what occurs. But can’t login to the desktop because it takes
> me right back to the login screen. Can someone please help me on this?
> 
> Thank you for your time and help.

Maybe after you boot you could run e.g. df -hT and post the output here.

Re: Wireless temperature & humidity measurement

[debian-user]

zithro  wrote:
> On 14 Jul 2023 10:53, Joe wrote:
> > On Fri, 14 Jul 2023 09:27:12 +0200
> > Bruno Kleinert  wrote:
> >   
> >> Hello,
> >>
> >> I'm looking for a wireless way to measure temperature and humidity
> >> indoor with hardware off the shelf and software included in Debian
> >> 12 bookworm.
> >>
> >> Sensors --> Radio --> Receiver --> Any typical PC interface, e.g.,
> >> USB, Ethernet.
> >>
> >> I don't need a visual interface, but plan to process measured
> >> values in shell scripts.
> >>
> >> Do you have any hardware recommendations and can you share
> >> experience?  
> 
> I use DS18B20 chips (1-wire protocol, nice for long distances
> cabling) and some BME280s or MPL3115A2, plugged on Raspberry Pies.
> The DS18B20 can be directly manipulated via sysfs, while the BMEs and 
> the MPL3115A2 need a software library to interpret the sensors output
> (I use Adafruit's one, in python).
> 
> A cron script records the values in a CSV, which I've linked in the 
> apache folder so remote hosts can access the data file (trying to 
> display a graph from 5 sensors values on a full year time period is a
> no go on a Raspi B v3).
> I've also created 2 webpages, one to quickly display the last X
> values (tail -n X), one to display a pretty graph, depending on some
> web form parameters (source host, from day X to Y, last week, etc).
> I'm using jpgraph, a PHP graph lib (free for personal use), to
> display nice curves.
> If you're not a web dev, you could also use OoO Calc or Excel to
> build the graphs from the CSV files.
> 
> As you want wireless, I'd recommend a Raspi zero as it has BT+wifi 
> built-in,

FWIW, a Pi Zero DOESN'T have WIFI & BT. You need a Pi Zero W for that.
I have one as another source to my OEM emonBase and it works well. I 
use an Si7021 sensor although I do have some BME680 as well. It all
depends how comfortable you are playing with hardware and fiddling with
software. The emon boxes I suggested earlier are more plug and play.

> a clock (kind of), an IP stack, a webserver, etc.
> Of course an Arduino is simpler, but requires a bit more work (and
> maybe money) : no built-in storage, no built-in comms, no date/time.
> But ok, you don't need local storage or a clock/time if only sending
> values to another host, the remote host can set the time before
> recording. Although if you operate on batteries, an Arduino would be
> the best choice, as it requires a lot less energy.
> 
> Another choice could be a Raspberry Pi Pico, but that's closest to an 
> Arduino than to a Raspi (ie. no OS). But if I'm not mistaken, the 
> advantage of the Pico is that it has built-in BT+wifi (I've not
> tested it, only read about it).
> 
> In all cases, you could also turn the wireless chip(s) off till not 
> sending data, or even go to (deep) sleep mode between polls (IIRC 
> Arduino/Pico only).
> 
> > and a bit of PHP to make a 7-day graph web page of T and H. Boot
> > script to set up the serial port and initiate logging on reboot.  
> 
> Joe, out of curiosity, what are you using to display the graphs ?
> If you didn't read above, I'm using jpgraph, a PHP lib.
> 

Re: Wireless temperature & humidity measurement

[debian-user]

Nate Bargmann  wrote:
> * On 2023 14 Jul 02:37 -0500, Bruno Kleinert wrote:
> > Hello,
> > 
> > I'm looking for a wireless way to measure temperature and humidity
> > indoor with hardware off the shelf and software included in Debian
> > 12 bookworm.  
> 
> Off the shelf the Davis Vantage Pro 2 is probably one of the most
> popular.

I think the OP said they were looking for temperature and humidity
indoors, so I don't think an outdoor weather station quite fits the
bill as well as being an order of magnitude too expensive! :(

There are quite a few battery-powered T+H sensors with wi-fi, but I'm
not up to date with which ones can be intercepted to provide data
directly rather than uploading to a 'cloud'.

Certainly some emonTH plus an emonBase from
https://shop.openenergymonitor.com/ would do the job, but I expect
there are other alternatives

>  I have one and the Integrated Sensor Suite (ISS) is placed
> about 100 meters from the console.  Davis claims nearly 300m (1000
> feet) of distance between the ISS and console, but obstructions will
> surely limit that.  The big problem with the Davis is that to get the
> interface adapter one must buy their software package.  There are
> some independent sources of interfaces (called loggers) which can be
> found mentioned at the wxforum.net[1].
> 
> > Sensors --> Radio --> Receiver --> Any typical PC interface, e.g.,
> > USB, Ethernet.
> > 
> > I don't need a visual interface, but plan to process measured
> > values in shell scripts.  
> 
> For software I use Weewx but it is not part of the Debian repositories
> but does have a Debian package available.[2]  I have been using this
> package for several years and am running the latest release of 4.10.2.
> My data is uploaded to Weather Underground[3], CWOP [4](Citizens
> Weather Observation Program) and my own Web host[5][6].  I've
> customized the generated pages with additional images.  Weewx also
> supports supplying data to other providers as well.  It is quite
> flexible.
> 
> > Do you have any hardware recommendations and can you share
> > experience?  
> 
> The Davis VP2 is likely among the most turnkey of stations available.
> It does not have serial/Ethernet output included so that must be
> sourced either through buying the Davis software package or from a
> third party. Prior to the Davis I had a Peet Bros wired system but it
> caused and was subject to interference to/from my amateur radio
> operations.  I've had no interference problems with the Davis.
> 
> I recently did a bit of refurbishing of my ISS by replacing the
> tipping spoon with a new design and replacing the anemometer sensing
> cartridge. Those parts were easily sourced through Scaled
> Instruments[7].  They carry complete stations for many brands as well
> as parts.
> 
> The aforementioned wxforum.net is a good place to seek out better
> answers to your questions.
> 
> HTH,
> 
> - Nate
> 
> [1] https://www.wxforum.net/index.php?board=59.0
> [2] http://weewx.com/
> [3]
> https://www.wunderground.com/dashboard/pws/KKSBREME2?cm_ven=localwx_pwsdash
> [4] http://www.findu.com/cgi-bin/wxpage.cgi?call=n0nb [5]
> https://www.n0nb.us/weather/ [6]
> https://www.n0nb.us/weather/seasons/index.html [7]
> https://www.scaledinstruments.com/
> 

Re: Migrating system from u-sd to nvme memory on arm64's?

[debian-user]

jeremy ardley  wrote:

> In the same vein, it's really a bad idea to run video surveillance on
> a SSD as overwriting the complete SSD every couple of weeks will
> trash it in no time. There are probably SSDs that boast to do this,
> but the standard now is using carefully designed spinning drives
> optimised for surveillance.

So all dashcams are junk?

Re: file server

[debian-user]

lina  wrote:
> I need to extract the data for downstream analysis. after that, these
> data can be removed.

Do you need all the data present at the same time to extract it?
Obviously you won't need as much storage if you can analyse/extract it
in sections.

> On Wed, Jul 12, 2023 at 2:24 PM Jerome BENOIT
>  wrote:
> 
> > Hello,
> >
> > On 12/07/2023 13:48, lina wrote:  
> > > Currently I do not have a plan to keep the data, once the data
> > > finished  
> > analyzing, I can just remove it.
> >
> > Do you want a `scratch space` [1] ?
> > What can be also interesting to know is whether you can compress
> > your data.
> >
> > Best wishes,
> > Jerome
> >
> > [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scratch_space
> >  
> > >
> > > On Wed, Jul 12, 2023 at 12:26 PM Dan Ritter
> > >  > > wrote:  
> > >
> > > lina wrote:  
> > >  > Dear all,
> > >  >
> > >  > My computer only has 2 TB data storage capacity,
> > >  >
> > >  > I want to have 100 TB capacity to store/analyze data.
> > >  >
> > >  > I am thinking of adding 5 hard drives, each is 18TB, and
> > >  > then  
> > merge them  
> > >  > into one volume?
> > >  > or get a file server?
> > >  > What is the best option for me, and what is the budget?  
> > >
> > > Two questions:
> > >
> > > - do you have a backup plan in mind, or will you accept the
> > > loss of all data?
> > >
> > > - how fast does new data come in, and how long do you need to
> > >keep it around?
> > >
> > > -dsr-
> > >  
> >  

Re: configuring zathura's print preview

[debian-user]

Brian  wrote:
> On Sun 09 Jul 2023 at 10:42:52 -0700, Paul Scott wrote:
>  
> > On 7/9/23 4:40 AM, Brian wrote:  
> 
> [...]
>  
> > > The file displayed by zathura is not the file that is sent to the
> > > printing system. The latter can be viewed by using Print to File.
> > > 
> > > The print dialog converts your PDF to a new PDF with Cairo
> > > Graphics. Scaling is also done by Cairo Graphics. CUPS is not
> > > involved.  
> > 
> > That's good to know and seems somewhat illogical!  Would it be
> > reasonable to ask if you know why?  
> 
> Zathura uses the GTK print dialog, as do many other applications. GTK
> has to deal with a variety of file formats that the application can
> dispay.
> 
> Let's take firefox. It can display html files. Sending an html file to
> the printing system is a recipe for disappointment (usually). CUPS is
> unable to process and render it as displayed. GTK produces a PDF of
> the page. CUPS is happy.
> 
> The same comment also applies to PNG files.
> 
> > Pdffonts does indeed tell me that there are illegal characters in
> > the PDF created by Print to File.
> > 
> > Now that I know that the paper size is correct I see that "lp"
> > prints my file perfectly.  
> 
> The fonts are embedded in the original PDF. CUPS prints what it is
> given.
> 
> > If the file were not the correct size I would have liked to use the
> > scaling and page choices in the print dialog.
> > 
> > Does
> > 
> > lp -o "letter"
> > 
> > scale the document?  
> 
> This is an option unknown to CUPS. It will be ignored.

I don't use lp very much but according to
https://www.cups.org/doc/options.html#OPTIONS

 $ lp -o fit-to-page -o media=Letter filename

should do what the OP wants.

Re: why bookworm isn't called deb12?

[debian-user]

jeremy ardley  wrote:
> On 7/7/23 19:28, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk wrote:
> >
> > That may be or not, but is irrelevant. Accurate attribution of
> > quotes is important, IMHO, and not difficult to do. So doubling
> > down on your mistake instead of a simple mea culpa means you move
> > further down in my hierarchy of respect. :(
> >  
> 
> I suspect that my saying Microsoft is not an absolute evil may be
> your issue rather than any (mis?) attribution of quotes.

Did you say something abot Microsoft? I didn't notice.

Re: why bookworm isn't called deb12?

[debian-user]

jeremy ardley  wrote:
> On 7/7/23 16:59, Bret Busby wrote:
> >> On 7/7/23 16:30, Bret Busby wrote:  
> >>> Microsoft didn't invent anything.  
> >
> > I did not post that statement as the original poster of that
> > statement.   
> 
> Your comment about  BSOD strongly suggests you agree with the
> sentiment.

That may be or not, but is irrelevant. Accurate attribution of quotes
is important, IMHO, and not difficult to do. So doubling down on your
mistake instead of a simple mea culpa means you move further down in my
hierarchy of respect. :(

Re: Deactivating and Reactivating the display of a NUC 13

[debian-user]

Stefan Schumacher  wrote:
> I have exchanged the connections - one NUC from HDMI to USB-C and the
> other from USB-C to HDMI.  The problem persists.
Yes, but did it stay with the NUC or move with the cable?