[geo] Renaming this Group - Solar Geoengineering or SRM Geoengineering

Geoengineering refers to both SRM and CDR. Since this group now focuses only on SRM it should be renamed to reflect the new objects. So renaming this Group as 'Solar Geoengineering' or 'SRM Geoengineering' or any other suitable name would be appropriate. -- You received this message because

[geo] Algae and Climate Change - Replacing current feed crops with algae - a solution to climate change

Algae and Climate Change *October 17, 2015* AlgaeIndustryMagazine.com http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/algae-and-climate-change/?utm_source=feedburner_medium=email_campaign=Feed%3A+AlgaeIndustryMagazine+%28Algae+Industry+Magazine%29 "John Milewski,

Re: [geo] CIGI : assessing scientific legitimacy: the case of marine geoengineering

Stephen And what about the sewage and fertilizer flowing into oceans. If the problems caused by these are to be solved, something has to be done to solve the problem. Dosing Iron is one of the solutions. What about arresting the decline in fish in Oceans and restoring them back to

[geo] Re: The Ambitious Plan to Pump Oxygen Back into the Baltic Sea

Andrew The nutrient input and reduction target for the Baltic is given on the website of HELCOM. http://helcom.fi/baltic-sea-action-plan/nutrient-reduction-scheme/targets/ The required reductions are just 89,000 tons per year of N and 14,000 tons per year of P. If Diatoms are grown to

[geo] Re: Real Climate Change Solutions Too Cheap To Meter - Russ George

The only thing that appears to have declined substantially in the 20th century is the biomass in Oceans. Fish declined - http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20120920-are-we-running-out-of-fish Whales and Krill declined - http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/02SMETACEKSEPARATA.pdf Phytoplankton declined -

[geo] Re: GEOENGINEERING: Are record salmon runs in the Northwest the result of a controversial CO2 reduction scheme?

Hi Michael The contradiction in your statements are obvious - If $ 150 million have been spent over past 10 years on one project and many such projects are being executed, why is there a sudden increase in this year's Salmon run, there ought to have been a steady increase over the past 10

[geo] Effects of CO2 and iron availability on rbcL gene expression in Bering Sea diatoms

http://news-oceanacidification-icc.org/2014/12/23/effects-of-co2-and-iron-availability-on-rbcl-gene-expression-in-bering-sea-diatoms/?utm_source=feedburnerutm_medium=emailutm_campaign=Feed%3A+wordpress%2FlRgb+%28Ocean+acidification%29 Effects of CO2 and iron availability on rbcL gene expression

[geo] Re: #Mustread : Should we upgrade photosynthesis and grow supercrops? New Scientist

Andrew Diatoms perhaps use C4 Photosynthesis. A couple of papers on the subject. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11069177 Unicellular C4 photosynthesis in a marine diatom. Reinfelder JR http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Reinfelder%20JR%5BAuthor%5Dcauthor=truecauthor_uid=11069177 1,

[geo] Re: Iron fertilization could backfire -- ScienceDaily

http://www.palomar.edu/oceanography/iron.htm *John Martin's http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Giants/Martin/* iron hypothesis—fertilizing the sea with iron—was first put to the test on the open ocean in 1993. According to Martin's iron hypothesis, seeding the ocean surface with iron

Re: [geo] Iron fertilization could backfire -- ScienceDaily

This is one year old and I think already discussed. The fundamental objective of Iron Fertilization is to grow Diatom Algae, because they are the phytoplankton that will sequester carbon. If other phytoplankton consume the iron, the carbon is likely to be remineralised rapidly. It is

[geo] Re: With some studies published, a fresh assessment of the Haida iron/salmon project

Thank you Andrew Revkin A few comments on your report - Most of the data collected during the iron-seeding effort in 2012 – some gathered with instruments loaned by Canadian and United States ocean agencies – are not yet public. The data was placed in public domain a couple of days ago.

Re: [geo] Can tiny plankton help reverse climate change? - David Biello - Aeon

A related article - http://www.npr.org/blogs/krulwich/2014/04/03/298778615/the-power-of-poop-a-whale-story We know how much whales eat today. We know that a hundred years ago, there were lots more whales in the southern oceans. We can guess what the whale population was in 1910. If we multiply

[geo] Re: Ocean fertilization - a scientific summary for Policy Makers

Andrew Thank you. Quite a comprehensive report. Unfortunately quite a few important points are missing in the Scientific summary. The objective of Ocean Fertilization is to grow Diatom Algae, not just any Phytoplankton, because Diatoms sink and other plankton float on death. The report is

Re: [geo] Adding Iron to the oceans

Andrew You calculation is way of the mark. Iron does not cause growth of Fish directly, it only causes growth of phytoplankton. These are consumed by zooplankton and small fish and these by bigger fish. The Phytoplankton to Fish ratio for the large fish that people prefer to eat is about

[geo] Haida Nation Salmon Restoration project - Webinar on June 19th - 11 am PDT

This may be a little late, there is a webinar today, June 19th, at 11 am PDT regarding the Haida Nation Salmon Restoration project https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/954116967217251074 This was posted on LinkedIn

[geo] Iron Helps Prevent Formation Of Coastal Dead Zones

Iron Helps Prevent Formation Of Coastal Dead Zones http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1113149570/dead-zone-cutoff-switch-iron-051914/#sii4pY3FVM5FuvQ2.99 The abstract is available at - http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ngeo2162.html The impact of ocean deoxygenation on

[geo] Re: Nature's OIF

Natural Diatom biomass production is estimated at 23 Billion tons of Carbon per year. If C : Fe ratio is 106 : 0.001 then the total natural Iron consumption by Diatoms alone is about 1 million tons. So if the Iron availability off Greenland alone is upto 2.5 million tons, it means that most

Re: Whales and harvesting oil Re: [geo] Earthworms: Nature's unlikely CDRers

The first benefit of Iron Fertilization would be restoration of Whales, crustaceans and finfish. Unfortunately people are ignoring this benefit due to narrow interpretation of the theory of Iron Fertilization. The increase in CO2 emissions benefited people for about 200 years and it is only

[geo] Opening the gateways for diatoms primes Earth for Antarctic glaciation

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X13002185 Opening the gateways for diatoms primes Earth for Antarctic glaciation Katherine E.Egan a,n, RosalindE.M.Rickaby a, KatharineR.Hendry b, AlexN.Halliday a a Department ofEarthSciences,UniversityofOxfordParksRoad,OxfordOX13PR,UK b

[geo] Re: Oli Morton with Opinion Article on Nitrogen Geoengineering

Andrew There is a difference between Engineering and Geoengineering. The examples you gave are simple engineering solutions not Geoengineering. The Geo in Geoengineering means that BEFORE action is started (research or deployment) there is an INTENT to use on global scale. An engineering

[geo] Re: Role of biogenic silica in the removal of iron from the Antarctic seas : Nature Communications : Nature Publishing Group

Diatoms evolved about 200 million years ago, so how can iron removal by Diatoms be called a NEW pathway. It is well known that Diatoms sequester carbon, so obviously they also sequester Iron and N and P too when they sink to the ocean bed - what is NEW about this ? The quantification of the

[geo] Re: replace reflective ice at poles

Joshua Sodium Polyacrylte may be a good material to use - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_polyacrylate They can absorb water with micro nutrients and would slowly disintegrate and release the micro nutrients. They are used in agriculture to retain water in soil. regards Bhaskar On

[geo] Re: Climate Change and Geoengineering: Ocean Fertilization Practicalities, Opportunities and Threats - Climate Change Policy Practice

UN General Assembly Resolution of 2007 - A/RES/62/215 Oceans and the law of the sea is available at http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N07/476/67/PDF/N0747667.pdf?OpenElement It says - 98. Encourages States to support the further study and enhance understanding of ocean iron

[geo] Re: New Research on OIF

Joshua How is Ocean Sequestration of Crop Residue related to OIF - Ocean Iron Fertilization. I wonder how Ocean Sequestration of crop residue is regarded as economical. Farm land is generally deep inland - US Midwest, etc., the cost of transporting the crop residue to deep ocean for

[geo] Re: New EPA report

Diatom biomass is not one of the indicators listed by EPA, this is rather unfortunate. There is ample evidence that Diatom Algae are declining and other algae increasing. Diatoms grow better in winter and spring and other algae in summer and autumn, so warmer water is one of the reason for

Re: [geo] Mooney, Pat; et al. (2012): Darken the sky and whiten the earth

David same old mind-set of controlling nature. Controlling nature vs controlling human behaviour. This is the issue to be discussed. Nature is more predictable and controllable. Human behavior is more unpredictable and hence less controllable. Unfortunately, many people dream of controlling

Re: [geo] Mooney, Pat; et al. (2012): Darken the sky and whiten the earth

The ETC paper is quite interesting - Harvard physicist and geoengineering advocate, David Keith, describes geoengineering in the context of climate change as ‘a countervailing measure, one that uses additional technology to counteract unwanted side effects without eliminating their root

[geo] Scientific basis for Ocean Fertilization

Most of the posts about the recent experiment by Haida Nation have been reactive, commenting on what was done by the HSRC. I would like to present here the scientific basis for Ocean Fertilization. All phytoplankton together account for less than 0.5 % of all biomass of the world.

[geo] Re: Arctic warming and ocean productivity

Haida Salmon Restoration Corp's website has detailed information on the project, it would be good to read these than rely upon news reports - http://www.hsrc1.com/current-events/press-releases/press-kit-october-19-2012/ The pdfs available on this page -

[geo] Re: Pacific iron fertilisation is 'blatant violation' of international regulations

Andrew One view is that fertilizing to grow / restore fish is NOT prohibited under LC / LP Pl see the presentation by Dr David Schnare - http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/pdf/articles/geo_and_4climatetruths.ppt *Geoengineering and the Four Climate Change Truths:*** *Perspectives of a

Re: [geo] Geo-engineering and Arctic mentioned here.

stupidity in the extreme. We need a thermostat that works and only geoengineering can provide that. I am appalled that the CO2 freaks have been able to block the emergence of a serious geoengineering effort. -gene -- *From: *M V Bhaskar bhaska...@gmail.com

Re: [geo] Nature eifex report

Morton Iron fertilization is planned to be used in HNLCs, i.e., areas that have high nutrient levels year after year. So it appears that there is a abundance of nutrients in the oceans. In the past the CO2 levels of atmosphere and oceans were lower due to natural factors and diatom growth

[geo] Re: Ocean albedo modification

Dear Dr Vivien You said - Also, how could you ensure the right phytoplankton would bloom to ensure the albedo effect. This is the core issue. Based on a combined reading of all papers on the subject I understand the following - Coccolithophores increase Albedo and DMS production and Diatoms

[geo] O2 Dropping Faster than CO2 Rising

http://www.i-sis.org.uk/O2DroppingFasterThanCO2Rising.php O2 Dropping Faster than CO2 Rising Implications for Climate Change Policies New research shows oxygen depletion in the atmosphere accelerating since 2003, coinciding with the biofuels boom; climate policies that focus exclusively on

[geo] Re: Marine mass extinctions

Andrew Thanks. The evolution of fish ( increase in numbers and diversity ) and evolution of diatoms is closely interlinked. The earliest known fossil diatoms date from the early Jurassic (~185 Ma) Kooistra, W. H. C. F.; Medlin, L. K. (1996). Evolution of the diatoms (Bacillariophyta) : IV. A

[geo] Re: Further thoughts on Arctic methane

Thanks Charlie for posting the link to Archer's article. The article says - On land, there is lots of methane in the thawing Arctic, exploding lakes and what not. This methane is probably produced by decomposition of thawing organic matter. So quite a bit of the methane being released into

[geo] Re: Mid Oceanic C4 plantations for Longterm GW Mitigation

Michael Diatoms too use C4 photosynthesis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11069177 Unicellular C4 photosynthesis in a marine diatom. Reinfelder JR, Kraepiel AM, Morel FM. Abstract Nearly 50 years ago, inorganic carbon was shown to be fixed in microalgae as the C3 compound phosphoglyceric

[geo] Carbon sequestered in oceans - Diatoms, etc.

Hi All After studying Diatoms for past 3 years, I have listed a few questions for which I could not find answers on the internet. Would appreciate any help in finding answers. 1. What portion of the estimated 38000 billion tons of carbon sequestered in the oceans is due to biological processes

[geo] Re: Did anybody catch BBC TV (UK) Newsnight at 23:03 on 16 June 2011?

Hi Its unfortunate that BBC is still discussing Urea fertilization of oceans when much more sophisticated solutions are available. Bhaskar On Jun 17, 7:43 pm, Andrew Lockley and...@andrewlockley.com wrote: Hi Just watched it athttp://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006mk25 You can view it

[geo] Re: Mid-Oceanic Diatom Entrapment System Technology.....MODEST

Michael The article says - As it remains dissolved the breakdown processes can lead to oxygen shortages in the water column and associated ecological damage. Saturday one of the Geoscience authors, University of Georgia Marine Sciences Professor Samantha Joye told the American Association for

[geo] Mineral Rain vs Biological Rain

Hi All I thought that clouds only formed due to mineral actions and artificial rain by cloud seeding was done by using chemicals like silver iodide. A report on Bioprecipitation says that bacteria, diatoms and fungi too can cause clouds and rain. Can this lead to a biological SRM solution?

[geo] Anthropocene

Humans have been geoengineering the world on a massive scale since the start of the Industrial Revolution, this is perhaps unintentional. A interesting article from The Economist about Anthropcene. http://www.economist.com/node/18741749?story_id=18741749fsrc=rss The Anthropocene A man-made

[geo] Re: Mid-Oceanic Diatom Entrapment System Technology.....MODEST

Hi Michael A few points about Diatoms. Most diatoms are consumed by zooplankton and fish and do not accumulate, unlike other phytoplankton. That is why you SEE fewer Diatom blooms in photos. Diatoms sink, other phytoplankton float. This is another reason why we SEE less diatoms. To answer the

[geo] Re: Lecture on Methane Hydrates by Dr. Mariam Kastner

Hi Any mechanical device would be expensive and require maintenance, this will limit the scale of deployment. A more natural source of oxygen like Diatoms would be cheaper and environmental friendly. best regards Bhaskar On May 16, 3:07 pm, Michael Hayes voglerl...@gmail.com wrote: Hi All,

[geo] Re: How would you allocate US$10 million per year to most reduce climate risk?

I would allocate it to a Ocean Fertilization type of project but in the Chesapeake Bay. For $ 10 Million we can clean up the bay of excess nutrients and increase the Dissolved Oxygen level for 1 to 2 months. This will prove the impact of our fertilization process will have in Oceans. The

[geo] Re: FW: A Scientific Summary for Policymakers on Ocean Fertilization

Thank you A very comprehensive and informative document. I would like to comment as follows - The break up of the source of estimated 38,000 Billion tons of Carbon in the oceans is not discussed. Obviously Phytoplankton dying and sinking would not have alone been responsible for all the carbon

Re: IPCC on geo-engineering Re: [geo] geo eng and new Friends of the Earth EWNI report urges very deep and rapid emission cuts

Dr Keith Glad to know you are on the Organising committee for the IPCC WG meetings in Peru. IPCC website says - Current discussions that suggest geoengineering as an option to support climate mitigation efforts remain rather abstract and lack comprehensive risk assessments that take into account

[geo] Re: Paper on CBD COP decision

Diana The 13 Ocean fertilization experiments since 1993 were undertaken after laboratory research and trials. So now Ocean fertilization experiments cannot go back to laboratory experiments. The size, duration and scope of the similar experiments in future has to be increased not decreased.

[geo] Re: Paper on CBD COP10 decision

Dear Dr Sugiyama Thank you. A few comments on the report. On Pg 5 Table 1 - Proposed methods - Fertilize the oceans with iron to enhance photosynthesis, which drawsdown atmospheric CO2 (ocean fertilization). Why restrict the issue to only iron? A better wording would have been - Oceans

[geo] Is photosynthesis promotion and water pumping Geoengineering

Geoengineering is being defined as SRM and CCS. Would afforestation of deserts also be Geoengineering? Diana Bronson mentions in another post - 'Gates funding of geoengineering research' The real advance was the process to extract nitrogen gas from the air and turn it into the nitrogen compounds

[geo] Re: Nathan Myhrvold argues for geoengineering

29, 2009 at 5:37 AM, M V Bhaskar bhaskarmv...@gmail.com wrote: We have been using Diatom algae to increase dissolved oxygen levels in fresh water lakes. Our observation is that Cyanobacteria decrease dissolved oxygen level due to accumulation and decomposition and Diatoms increase

[geo] Re: Nature: Planning for Plan B

Oppenheimer says. “If you reduce emissions, you're moving back along the limb you walked out on, but with geoengineering, you're not.” This is a misconception. If people just reduce consumption of electricity, petrol and coal, this would be true. This is unlikely to happen. What is most likely

[geo] Re: containing and flaring methane - 2 ideas

Hi http://www.nature.com/climate/2009/0904/full/climate.2009.24.html Both here and on land, permafrost stores vast quantities of carbon that could be converted to methane. It appears that Methane is not stored in the arctic. Carbon deposits are stored and these decompose anaerobically and

[geo] Re: scale, scope, structure

Hi All A paper on the subject of which type of Phytoplankton contributes more to DMS - Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers Volume 42, Issue 6, June 1995, Pages 873-892 Relationship between dimethylsulfide and phytoplankton pigment concentrations in the Ross Sea, Antarctica

[geo] Re: scale, scope, emphasis, and structure of research programs (or program)

Hi Does anybody else want to weigh in on scale, scope, emphasis, and structure of climate intervention research programs (or program)? I would like to elaborate on the use of biological organism and chemical engineering methods to stimulate biological organism growth. A.1. Approaches that

[geo] Re: House Science and Technology Committee streaming video

Another possible answer is that the farmer in Nebraska is as much responsible for Global warming as a coal fired power plant or a oil refinery. Problems created by construction of dams across rivers and use of fertilizers contributes to global warming. Dams reduce flow of silt into the oceans and

[geo] Re: ERL papers on line

Dr Keith We would like to suggest Diatom Algae as the best geoengineering solution. We have been using Diatom Algae to solve various problems in the past 5 years. Diatom Algae are the most useful of all Phytoplankton and the least problematic. In fresh water lakes and rivers they increase

[geo] Re: I am Planning A New Geoengineering Foundation

Interesting discussion about money, so here is my 2 cents worth :) - I have posted about Diatom Algae and Nualgi yesterday and day before, so I will not repeat the contents. Nualgi can be used on any scale and is profitable from day 1. The profits can be used for research into Geoengineering.

[geo] Re: The Royal Society: Geoengineering: a brave new world? 19 January 2010

the numbers. Diatoms can help restore the fish population and the carbon in the form of Calcium Carbonate in the bones of the fish would also help sequester. I look forward to a debate on the issue of Diatoms vs other phytoplankton and Nualgi vs other micro nutrients. best regards M V Bhaskar Kadambari