I notice that my equation turned up very garbled in the Pen-l
archive. Restated to avoid garbling, it was that:
the current rate of inflation
equals
the core rate of inflation, reflecting expected inflation and the
wage/price spiral (inertial or built-in inflation)
plus
additional inflatio
Based on a few years of experience with my "intro econ for
non-majors" course (micro and macro in one semester), I would go
along with the endorsement of the Bowles & Edwards book as a good
introductory text (and it's in paperback). Mayo Toruno's book,
THE POLITICAL ECONOMICS OF CAPITALISM (Ke
In response to Louis N Proyect's flame:
Louis, I sent you a very gentle _personal_ comment, one which I
thought was to a friend, even though I'm sure we disagree on a lot
of stuff. So you make this note _public_ and flame it. Why?
(I must admit that I've made private comments public on the ne
Mason Clark asks:>>If there were no government, no organization of any kind,
whatkind of market would there be? Would it not be a free market? So is not
a free market natural? Is not this anarchic market the starting point
for discussion of what the economic system should be, namely
a controll
BTW, in my joke about Lucas and RatEx, I assumed that he was a
Chicago-school-type "economic man" who wouldn't _want_ to share his
loot with his ex-wife, who probably supported him through grad school
(and put up with a lot of BS from him and his colleagues).
But m
if the theory of rational expectations really worked, then Robert
Lucas wouldn't have agreed to give his ex-wife 1/2 of his expected
Nobel Prize loot when he divorced her. ;-)
-- Jim Devine
Doug writes: >>This is a load of utter bullshit. And to think I
pay dues to the NWU/UAW - for cheap threats like this. <<
Sure, I agree with you. But, please explain _why_ you think so.
You owe Pen-l that much, since it's supposed to be more of a
place for reflective discussion than for ventin
Colin Danby writes >> I'm surprised to see so little Pen-L
attention to the current bubble in U.S. stock prices. Some of this has
been fuelled by U.S. banks shilling for mutual funds, and quite likely
keeping CD rates down in order to push money into these things.
Apparen
In addition to the reasons that Doug mentions for why the
GOPsters want to abolish the Commerce Dept, I would bet that one
-- never spoken -- reason is that the Dept. is currently being
run by a black man (and one who wasn't a Clarence Thomas). I'd
bet that this was also one of the reasons for
I agree with Carla Orcutt: instead of yelling about "genocide"
and "fascism," it's important to use _specific_, concrete,
criticisms.
Or if one must be abstract, use _new_ & creative rhetoric -- that
makes sense to everyday working people. I think Jesse Jackson is
pretty good at this.
in pe
I wrote: > As for Peter Burns' question about the GOP actually
stimulating private investment and thus the economy: yes, they
can do that. But such a profits-led boom encourages
investment to get further out of line with consumer demand,
implying greater tendency toward recession.<
Mike Lebo
Peter Burns quotes one of our wise solons as saying:
"When I see someone who is making anywhere from $300,000
to $750,000 a year, that's middle-class. When I see
anyone above that, that's upper-middle class."
Rep Fred Heinaman
Can someone give an estimate of what percentage of US households
or
Maybe we can oppose Medicaid cuts by appealing to middle-class
self-interest?
A heck of a lot of people who work in the food service industry
get their health services from Medicaid and similar programs
which cater to the working poor. So middle-class folks who rely
on these folks' labor at r
I'm totally against political assassinations, but Rabin himself
said it about a week ago when a leader of Hamas was assassinated
(according to Professor Gary Sick, likely due to Israeli
efforts): those who live by violent means tend to die by violent
means. (Ironically, due to publication sche
"Art is moral passion married to entertainment. Moral passion
without entertainment is propaganda and entertainment without
moral passion is television." -- Rita Mae Brown.
sincerely,
Jim Devine [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Econ. Dept., Loyola Marymount Univ.
7900 Loyola Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90045-84
BTW, in criticizing Rabin and his "peace process," I was not
cheering his assassination. (This note is a flip side of Tom
Walker's.) It might encourage more violence by Jewish, Moslem, or
even Christian extremists in the Mideast. The new PM, Peres,
might be pushed to engage in military attacks
Doug writes:>>October's unemployment rate of 5.5% is extremely
low by the standards of the last 20 years. In only 29 of the 248
months since January 1975 - under 12% of the time - have we seen
a jobless rate equal to or lower than 5.5%!<<
On the other hand, I'd bet that the cost of job loss
c
About Wattenberg's show, which I didn't see, Mike Meeropol
writes: >> The point is he DIDN'T HAVE ONE VOICE OF DISSENT from
his lockstep presentation.<<
welcome to the 1990s! This is standard for our era. The GOPsters
rush bills to the full House or Senate with a minimum amount of
debate. Mor
Today in the mail, I received a book by David Romer, titled
ADVANCED MACROECONOMICS. For those who are interested in growth
theory and issues such as the Cambridge Capital Controversy,
you'll be saddened to note that the C3 is totally ignored and
that Romer is perfectly willing to simply assu
To understand the effects of affirmative action, it's important to go
back a step, to understand the orgins of the basic problems being
attacked by AA.
The simplest coherent theory of discrimation and segregation in
labor-power markets (IMHO) is that they reflect a tac
I wrote > I think that AA [affirmative action] would be best if
it were the result of grass-roots efforts by the out-groups to
win concessions from the working-class in-groups, in an effort at
attaining long-term unity, rather than being bureaucratic
impositions from above by the capitalists a
On the subject of corporate euphemisms, Mark A. Leon's letter to
today's L.A. TIMES presents a useful glossary:
"paradigm shift"... same paradigm, only with less people.
"quality circle"... musical chairs for the next wave of layoffs.
"employee empowerment"... process of identifying fall guys an
Terry McD mentions the problem of transfer pricing by MNCs in
messing up our judgements about the quality of the prosperity in
Ireland.
Am I wrong to think that we could get around this problem if we
could measure Ireland's (or any other small country's) Gross
_National_ Product rather than i
I have read that smog-smuggered people can now purchase oxygen
for a price in both Beijing and Mexico City. How common is this
around the world.
from Los Angeles, the home of smog,
in pen-l solidarity,
Jim Devine [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Econ. Dept., Loyola Marymount Univ.
7900 Loyola Blvd., Los A
Pat Mason suggests if "capital intensity" has risen, then maybe
there isn't as much room as one would expect for a minimum-wage
increase despite increases in labor productivity. (That is, wages
can't increase as much as productivity without hurting the profit
rate.)
Doug Henwood wonders how e
"The strike by transport workers and other public employees has
paralyzed France since Nov. 24 ...
"But what has really shocked President Jacquez Chirac and his
prime minister, Alain Juppe, is broad sympathy among ordinary
French citizens for the strike -- illustrated by the hundres of
thous
Paul Zarembka suggests that since the wages of unproductive labor
are part of surplus-value, there is room for a minimum wage
increase.
But the capitalists find their expenditures on unproductive labor
to be something they want to do and will resist any cutbacks on
that spending in order to p
Laura Bell sent this to me, personally, in addition to sending it to
pen-l, because she lives nearby here in the city of emphysema. I'm really
busy. But what the heck, I'd rather reply to it than grade term papers...
>>My personal view is that one of the reasons the world loves to hate
Bill Gat
the following message was posted to the Post Keynesian Thought
list and may be of interest:
Re: Request Report from France
Thu, 7 Dec 1995 11:40:16 +
Bernard Girard ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
> A PKT report from France on current struggle
> between government and workers is requested.
> If I have
As much as I dislike Hayekian politics, I think it's confusing
matters to call them "fascist" as Huseyin Ozel does. Hayekian
politics may push us in the direction of an "objectively fascist"
system, i.e., strengthen the power of the state, repressing
organized labor, etc. (It need not go all t
Louis N Proyect wrote: > I would pay top dollar to see a debate
between her and Ellen Meiksins Wood in a locked steel cage/fight
to the finish debate. My money's on Wood.<
Jerry Levy asks>> What do my fellow PEN-Lers have to say about
the above statement?<<
I'm sure Louis is being metaphori
because time is such a scarce resource today (;-)), I'll make a
few unrelated comments:
1. fascism: one of the problems with this term is that it has two
meanings. One (the one emphasized by Marxists) is that of one
kind of social system that can prevail under capitalism, in
response to worki
I don't think that this study is the first one showing that the
US as a whole gets a net benefit from the average immigrant. The
problem is that on a smaller level of aggregation (say, San Diego
County, in Southern California), it can be argued that the cost
to the government of the immigrant
Among other things, Louis P writes: >>But the idea that the
average person could make heads or tails out of PEN-L chit-chat
is a delusion that Jim [meaning me]... seems to find useful.
However, for "socialism from below" to have any meaning, you have
to be able to reach people who are actually
jwhull writes: >>I cannot agree more strongly with John Gulick's
and Doug Henwood's characterization of the US left/liberal
obsession with "decentralization." Whatever the value of its
utopian vision ..., I do not see that it provides us with any
analytic tools to get us there. <<
I agree: gi
bill's comments (and his quoting of Bob Rowthorn) reminds me of a
useful analogy by Rosa Luxemburg on unionism: she argued that
unionism's task is like the labors of Sisyphus. Every time a
victory is achieved (and the rock gets up to the top of the
hill), the institutional power of capital wor
Terry McD writes: >>Political correctness was not a Maoist term,
politically incorrect was a Maoist phrase ... It was used to
describe propositions which were thought to be wrong for one
reason or another. [The] use [of the phrase "politically
incorrect"] was meant to emphasize on the one hand
Since I won't be at the computer at all tomorrow, I'll count this
as my posting for tomorrow, so that I can stick with my weaning
from pen-l and non-essential e-mail in general. (Slippery slope
alert! slippery slope alert!)
Anyway, something's wrong with the hypertext archive at
cns.colorado.
Terry McD is right about the feudal origins of the professoriat,
while Jerry L. is right that it is progressively being
subordinated to capital (even here at Catholic Church-dominated
colleges).
Class analysis is only a beginning. I think that the main problem
with professors is that we are v
1. Nick Gomersall suggests that there are people on the pen-l
list who see unions as "necessarily progressive." I don't think
anyone fits this description.
All unionists know that company unions (for example) aren't
progressive and some nominally independent unions approximate
being company
1. bill mitchell describes the econ. history of OZ (for the
uniniated, that's Australia):
>>1983-1989 - real wages cut, employment grew strongly, demand
expansion from govt.
>>1989-1991 - real wages cut, employment growth negative, tight
demand conditions.
1992-95 - real wages cut, employment
1. Mason Clark suggests that "corporations are owned by the
state." But aren't corporations treated as "legal persons" under
US law? How can a "legal person" be owned by the state?
There _are_ "state capitalist" organizations, such as the US
Tennessee Valley Authority; they are more common out
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1. People interested in the topic of
I may be interviewed by Cable News Network tomorrow at 10 a.m.
Help!!
Does any one have any good sound-bites on the economy and the
budget and the budget impasse that I can use?
Specifically, does anyone know how the CBO (or is it the OMB)
measures the _cost_of_the_government_shut-down? What
Thanks, pen-l, for the HELP!!! concerning my possible interview
with CNN. Since I told the reporter what I thought about the
budget impasse, I doubt that I will be interviewed (now or ever)
by CNN. And I didn't make any cracks about Jane Fonda once being
a leftist.
Happy Christmas/Chanukah/Kw
Louis P. writes: >> Popular democracy, market socialism, analytical
Marxism, etc. have all been attempts to "explain" the failure of the
Soviet experiment. In every instance, these ideas make concessions to
bourgeois ideology. That is the problem with left academia.<<
Louis P. writes: >>Any Laclau/Mouffe defenders out there?<<
not I. I am no familiar with their views enough to even discuss them.
As for "popular democracy," the non-L&M concept, I am glad that Louis
is willing to accept this as roughly synonymous with Marx's versi
The above type of title should be avoided. Just because some idea
is "petty bourgeois" (assuming that it is), doesn't mean that it
is wrong. Remember that such socialist luminaries as Marx,
Engels, and Lenin were "petty bourgeois" in the loose usage of
that term. Engels, in fact, was a factory
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1. I don't want to get into the issue of th
To Programmer Proyect: Please post no more "Reckia" messages.
Since he's (or she's) not an active member of pen-l, all it does
is clutter the list. In fact, it might Reckia the list! ;-)
If he or she wants to participate in pen-l, that's something
completely different.
(Two messages in one d
The stuff about posting Rekia's opinions to pen-l seems to be
nothing but an expression of Louis P's personal antagonism toward
Jerry L. (which might be a hangover from their past membership in
an unnamed leftist cult, which I would guess is the Socialist
Workers' Party). Please keep this kind
What follows are musings on "theories of value." I argue that the
old distinction between "subjective" and "objective" theories of
value should be rejected. More importantly, the notion of a
"theory of value" should be seen as ambiguous; we either should
use a different term or make it really
Re: [PEN-L:2308] Re: Critical thoughts on "theories of value"
Since I wasn't posting my "Critical thoughts" in order to get
into a debate about Gil's paper (which was not _on_ the "labor
theory of value"), I won't dwell on the main issues of that
paper at all. The central issue is instead "the
Re: [PEN-L:2317] Rethinking Marx's Theory of Exploitation
(Wed, 10 Jan 1996 15:43:02 -0800)
Gil Skillman writes:>> Defense of the more traditional,
value-theoretic account of exploitation ascribed to Marx
requires one to reject as necessarily mistaken the numerous
passages in which Marx unamb
On Sun, 31 Dec 1995, Doug Henwood wrote:> Yes yes yes! Thank you Michael.
And not only does he keep the list going, he's somehow kept us free of
infection by libertarians!<
A. S. Fatemi responds >>I DISAGREE WITH DOUG BECAUSE I DON'T BELIEVE IN
CENSORSHIP UNDER ANY GUISE OR EXCUSE.<<
I think
In a message titled "[PEN-L:2327] Re: Marx's value theory & Marx's
method," Gil Skillman writes: >>While we're in the GRUNDRISSE, we
should also note that Marx "explicitly and carefully" affirms that
usury and merchant's capital, when extended to small producers,
represents *capitalist exploit
Responding to Alan Freeman, and paraphrasing Richard Nixon, I
want to make one thing perfectly clear: just because I find the
_phrase_ "theory of value" to be muddled in the literature and
in academic discussion, it doesn't mean that I reject the
concept and usefulness of value or theories of
Paul Phillips writes: In addition to being "schools of class
struggle," >> The union if it works well prevents the alienation
of the individual from companion workers and, at least to some
extent, prevents workers from being used to put one against the
other.<<
I would add that a union, if it
1. The idea that nature should have an "infinite price" reminds
me of my humanist-inspired idea that human lives should have
infinite prices in cost-benefit analysis. It's an idea I never
express, since I don't have the chutzpah and more importantly, I
don't really agree with it. It also has a
I just heard a description of the "Rethinking Marxism" conference that
occurred in Amherst late last year. The reporter (Olga Celle de Bowman, a
sociologist from Peru) said that there was a tremendous amount of (verbal)
conflict between the audience and the speakers at the plenaries, something
I h
what experience do people in places like the UK have with the absense of
tenure for professors? is it as bad as some people in the US fear? is there
a lot of violation of academic freedom?
in pen-l solidarity,
Jim Devine [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Econ. Dept., Loyola Marymount Univ
Robin is right: mainstream economics is environmentalist in theory, but not
in practice. It also assumes that the possibility of "external costs" is
simply given technologically (which profit-maximizing capitalists then
realize in practice); this ignores E.K. Hunt's theory, in which capitalists
ac
In today's New York TIMES (April 29), there's a graph showing unemployment
rates in Britain, compared to those in the US and the Continent, using
"OECD standard measures." My question: though it is well-known that
Thatcher's administration several times redefined unemployment rates so
that they ap
Rakesh writes: >>If Indonesian capital can escape the contradiction between
production and consumption through the export of consumer goods--as
suggested by Jim-- why
can't US capital escape the same contradiction through the export of
investment goods to markets in Asian and Europe?<<
To some ex
Michael Hoover suggests (correctly, I think) that the fact that the jobs in
the southern US didn't pay well meant that there were inadequate consumer
markets in the South, so that there was no self-sustaining growth; the
actual growth was jump-started by military-related spending.
If we go furth
Terry McD writes that >>First, I agree that recent technical innovations in
communication and transportation are of an incremental character and are
therefor
relatively insignificant.<<
I don't see why incremental changes should be dismissed. Don't quantitative
changes sometimes lead to qualitat
Jerry, I don't get it: why are the supporters of Sendero relevant to pen-l?
Sendero, like the MTRA, is down for the count, not very relevant as a
political force in Peru except as a force that scares and/or disgusts
people.
Rather than talk about fights that have happened on other lists (M-I, et
(initial caveat: I am not presenting a brief in favor of Sraffa's system; I
am going to ignore that system. I think that Joan Robinson's critique (that
it was only dealing with comparisons of unrealistic equilibrium points) was
sufficient. I don't see it as either a substitute for or a representat
Louis P. brings up the issue of Zaire, one that pen-l should discuss.
My feeling is that the US is pressuring and is going to pressure Kabila's
forces so that they will be safe neo-liberals but (hopes the State
Department) not kleptocrats like Mobutu. With the USSR no longer
counterbalancing the
Does anybody on pen-l know of any good references on (or special insight
into) the subject of the Marxian theory of "uneven and combined
development." I am specifically thinking of the theory that the Bolsheviks
invoked in the early 20th century, rather than the dependency school's
"uneven develop
I always thought that the word "neo-liberalism" was a (perhaps unconscious)
effort to deal with the conflicting meanings of the word "liberalism":
"liberalism" means "classical liberalism" (laissez-faire) in Europe and
most other places, while in the U.S.A., it means "welfare statism." So
neo-libe
Doug, I first encountered the phrase "civil society" in a course on Marxism
in the early 1970s (taught by William McBride, I believe): Marx's
"burgherlicte geselleshaft" (sp??) could be translated as either "bourgeois
society" or "civil society." But I think that the basic idea of civil
society go
does anyone on pen-l have any special information about the government raid
on the Japanese ambassador's mansion (ending the hostage sitation)? it
seems very suspicious that ALL of the hostage-takers were killed. It sure
sounds like some of the hostage-takers were killed after they were taken
pris
Michael Perleman writes that (or quotes Thernborn that): >> To Hobbes and
Locke,
civil society was contrasted with a state of nature and was synonymous
with a politically organized society.<<
For Locke, the "state of nature" (ch. 2 of the 2nd TREATISE OF GOVERNMENT)
was extremely different from H
Jim Craven writes:>>You all know about the Darwin Awards - It's an annual
honor given to the person who did the gene pool the biggest service by
killing themselves in the most extraordinarily stupid way. <<
this kind of thing always evokes a chuckle (as with NEWS OF THE WIERD's
recent story about
Dater Loster (commonly known as "Our Hard Drive")
Our Hard Drive
Which art internal
Volume C: by name;
Thy code be clean,
Thy fonts be seen
On screen as they are on paper.
Give us tis day our documents,
And lead us not into fragmentation
But deliver us our data.
For thine is the SCSI,
and the EI
Doug writes that >>I understand that the GPI [Genuine Progress Indicator]
people didn't include education in their index because they think there's
no evidence that spending more money improves results. <<
I don't think so. Rather than starting with real GDP and subtracting or
adding to correct f
Dave Richardson's recent missive (and an L.A. TIMES column by Robert
Kuttner, Dec. 6, 1996) suggests the following: If one wants to measure the
cost of living over time, why not divide the nominal consumer spending by
the Genuine Progress Indicator, which is supposed to be a measure of the
real be
Robin Hahnel writes: >>BUT the Sraffian framework is more self-consciously
limited. It screams out that something other than the analysis you are
being presented goes into determining the wage/profit ratio.<<
This self-conscious limitation is very important. The Walrasian attitude
seems to be to
Rich Parkin writes: >>Incidentally, Jim, the subst. effects they claim to
be addressing are only within product classes (close substitutes) (Purdue v
Tyson?) rather than across them (chicken v beef), at least according to the
NY Times...<<
I stand (or rather, sit) corrected.
But if the geo-mean
besides the obvious political advantages of using the geometric-mean CPI
(lowering the budget deficit), is there any _theoretical_ reason why it is
superior to the old arithmetic-mean CPI?
I am not impressed by the substitution effect story. If higher prices of
beef drive me to eat chicken inste
Michael, here's a list of books I give my students (they choose one and are
supposed to write a book review that goes beyond regurgitation):
1. Teresa Amott, Caught in the Crisis: Women and the U.S. Economy Today.
2. Alan Blinder, Hard Heads, Soft Hearts: Tough-Minded Economics for a Just
Societ
Tom Walker quotes Max as saying that >>The issue isn't whether I or anyone
else "likes" social democracy... The issue is how good stuff happens and
how shit happens.<<
And then quotes me as replying: >> The basic argument here is whether [A]
positive social change happens because grassroots agita
I'm sorry if the following repeats anything that Sid, Elaine,
Anders, and Louis said (not because they're wrong but because
repetition is boring). I'll limit my discussion to a small number of
points. Sorry if my missive is still too long.
there's some sort of distinction between "socio-economics" (Etzioni) and
social economics (the REVIEW OF SOCIAL ECONOMICS). To make things worse,
there are several flavors of institutional economics, which is very similar
to social economics. If any one knows what the differences are between
these
does anyone in pen-l land know anything about the work of Kevin Murphy of
the University of Chicago, who just won the John Bates Clark award?
in pen-l solidarity,
Jim Devine [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Econ. Dept., Loyola Marymount Univ.
7900 Loyola Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90045-8410 U
I wrote: > The actual development of working class movements is much
less predictable than the development of capital. <
Jerry writes: >>Yeah, but the prediction of the actual development of
capital hasn't been that easy either. Perhaps it would be better for
Marxists if they got out of the pr
As Blair notes, the WSJ suggests that a new SSA is here, or at least
developing (though of course they wouldn't use the phrase "SSA"). I would
prefer the word "stage" (without the mechanistic interpretation of stages
as phases that capitalism "automatically" has to go through). We're in a
new stag
testing: does this new e-mail facility work? (Sorry to bother you.)
-- Jim
The JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES, Winter 1997, had a useful
forum on the "Natural Rate of Unemployment," or what is more
scientifically termed the "Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of
Unemployment" (NAIRU). On pen-l, it seems, we reached a consensus
to call it the "Macroeconomic Equilibrium
I wrote: >A long time ago, someone (Gil Skillman, I believe) argued
on pen-l that the Sraffa system was simply a special case of the
Arrow-Debreu general equilibrium model.<
He now writes: >>I confess I made a claim similar to this, but the
details of the argument are important why should we
I just read Joel Kovel's glowing review of Meszaro's BEYOND CAPITAL in the
March 1997 MONTHLY REVIEW. Despite the rave review (which may be that way
because MR published the book), the book doesn't seem worth it. Read the
review and see.
Mike Lebowitz (once a pen-l stalwart) published an excellen
1. If you haven't read Jane Smiley's comic novel MOO, do so. It's got great
descriptions of the economist, Dr. Guest, who thinks of students as
"customers" and trains them (with evangelistic glee) to be individualistic
free-riders. He loves the fact that the results fit with his a priori
vision of
Max S. asks a very good question: >>If students who pay for some type of
education are not customers, what are they? Suckers?<<
Strictly speaking, suckers are a kind of customer, so they could be both.
In fact, I think that many of them are both.
The point is that students are supposed to be _mo
For the sake of not only my own ego-enlargement but also the
progress of pen-l debate, it's good to read Louis Proyect saying,
after simply repeating his previous points, that
>> Jim Devine is correct. Marx and Engels did respect what they
[the utopians] were doing since utopian publications, wi
Barkley blames the tendency for top management to take over from
worker-managers on the interference by the League of Yugo Communists, etc.
That's plausible, but since the co-ops are not owned by the worker-managers
alone, but by the state, isn't that kind of interference almost inevitable.
Even i
Paul Phillips, writes that >> it is Horvat who rails against the Ward/Vanek
model as
empirically untrue -- in fact just the opposite.<<
Right. But is the Ward model empirically wrong because it is logically
flawed (because a worker co-op does not have an inherent tendency to be
exclusive, to avoi
Over the weekeend, Louis P. wrote: >> You [Paul Phillips] and Jim Devine
lost me about three posts ago when you starting focusing on Horvat. I think
that was probably the idea. <<
Louis, I don't think that anyone was trying to drive you out of the
discussion by being overly formal. It's the langu
Max Sawicky responded to a little essay I presented to pen-l on
"requiem for social democracy" in a very irritating way. Rather than
trying to digest the whole thing, he splits it up and answers
piece-meal. That's not good for a serious discussion. I'll skip over
his unneeded and distracting sarca
Max writes: >>What remains difficult to demonstrate, it seems to me,
as opposed to theorizing about, is whether the effective
popular movement must be overtly revolutionary, or merely
strong enough to be a political threat just by playing according to
the rules of the bourgeois political system.
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