Steven D'Aprano wrote:
There is no sensible use-case for creating a file without opening it.
What would be the point?
Early unix systems often used this as a form of locking.
--
Greg
--
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Wayne Werner wrote:
You don't ever want a class that has functions that need to be called in
a certain order to *not* crash.
That seems like an overly broad statement. What
do you think the following should do?
f = open("myfile.dat")
f.close()
data = f.read()
--
Greg
--
http://mail.p
Roy Smith wrote:
In article <518b133b$0$29997$c3e8da3$54964...@news.astraweb.com>,
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
I suspect that the only way to be completely ungoogleable would be to
name yourself something common, not something obscure.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_band
Nope... googling for
Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
I also believe in a path of endless
exponential growth. Challenge: Create more information than can be
stored in one teaspoon of matter. Go ahead. Try!
If that's your argument, then you don't really believe
in *endless* exponential growth. You only believe in
"exponenti
Chris Angelico wrote:
On Sun, May 12, 2013 at 5:32 AM, Dennis Lee Bieber
wrote:
The coordinates of each particle storing the information in that
teaspoon of matter.
Which is probably more data than any of us will keyboard in a
lifetime. Hence my point.
My 1TB hard disk *already* co
Citizen Kant wrote:
I roughly came to the idea that Python could be
considered as an *economic mirror for data*, one that mainly *mirrors*
the data the programmer types on its black surface, not exactly as the
programmer originally typed it, but expressed in the most economic way
possible.
A
Citizen Kant wrote:
What I do here is to try to "understand".
That's different from just knowing. Knowledge growth must be consequence
of understanding's increasing. As the scope of my understanding
increases, the more I look for increasing my knowledge. Never vice
versa, because, knowing isn'
Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
Is that the accepted group noun? I'd think a "crisis of Chrises" is
more alliterative...
A "confusion of Chrises" might be more appropriate
in this case.
--
Greg
--
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killybear...@gmail.com wrote:
One more question. Function np.argmax returns max of non-complex numbers ?
Because FFT array of my signal is complex.
You'll want the magnitudes of the complex numbers.
Actually the squares of the magnitudes (assuming the
data from the oscilloscope represents volta
Cameron Simpson wrote:
It's an int _subclass_ so that it is no bigger than an int.
If you use __slots__ to eliminate the overhead of an
instance dict, you'll get an object consisting of a
header plus one reference, which is probably about the
size of an int. But you'll also need an int to put i
Tim Chase wrote:
So a pirate programmer walks into a bar with a bird on his shoulder.
The bird repeatedly squawks "pieces of nine! pieces of nine!". The
bartender looks at him and asks "what's up with the bird?" to which
the pirate says "Arrr, he's got a parroty error."
No, he's just using hal
Ben Last wrote:
north_american_number_re = (RE().start
.literal('(').followed_by.__exactly(3).digits.then.__literal(')')
.then.one.literal("-").then.__exactly(3).digits
.then.one.dash.followed_by.__exactly(4).digits.then.end
David M. Cotter wrote:
For Mac, I understand i need to "create" (?) a python.dylib,
If your Python was installed as a framework, you should
already have one. Just link your application with "-framework Python".
Now for Windows: same thing, i think i must create a .dll, right?
Again, you sho
Roy Smith wrote:
Call by social network? The called function likes the object.
Depending on how it feels, it can also comment on some of the object's
attributes.
And then finds that it has inadvertently shared all its
private data with other functions accessing the object.
--
Greg
--
http:/
If anything is to be done in this area, it would be better
as an extension of list comprehensions, e.g.
[[None times 5] times 10]
which would be equivalent to
[[None for _i in xrange(5)] for _j in xrange(10)]
--
Greg
--
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Ian Kelly wrote:
Although I find it a bit easier to just use
something like unshorten.com, which is the first Google hit for "url
unshortener". Assuming that you trust that site to not be hosting
malware itself. :-)
Ah yes, beware the Hungarian unshortening service that redirects
every request
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
The downside is that if spaces are not argument separators, then you need
something else to be an argument separator. Or you need argument
delimiters. Or strings need to be quoted. Programming languages do these
things because they are designed to be correct. Shell do not
ALeX inSide wrote:
I suppose there shall be some kind of method decorator to treat an argument as an
> instance of class?
You can do this:
xxx = MyClass.some_method
and then
i = MyClass()
xxx(i, foo, bar)
Does that help?
--
Greg
--
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Steven D'Aprano wrote:
On Sun, 09 Dec 2012 20:13:43 -0500, Alex Clark wrote:
>
The Zen of Zope, by Alex Clark
I expect that I would find that hilarious if I knew anything about Zope :)
It's probably a good thing I don't know much about Zope,
because I'm already finding it hilarious. If I kn
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
def kronecker(x, y):
if x == y: return 1
return 0
This will correctly consume NAN arguments. If either x or y is a NAN, it
will return 0.
I'm far from convinced that this result is "correct". For one
thing, the Kronecker delta is defined on integers, not reals,
Alain Ketterlin wrote:
But going against generally accepted semantics should at least
be clearly indicated. Lambda is one of the oldest computing abstraction,
and they are at the core of any functional programming language.
Yes, and Python's lambdas behave exactly the *same* way as
every other
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
Fair point. Call it an extension of the Kronecker Delta to the reals then.
That's called the Dirac delta function, and it's a bit different --
instead of a value of 1, it has an infinitely high spike of zero
width at the origin, whose integral is 1. (Which means it's not
Alain Ketterlin wrote:
You must be kidding. Like many others, you seem to think that Scheme is
a typical functional language, which it is not.
I never said that Scheme is a functional language -- I'd be
the first to acknowledge that it's not. I do know what real
functional languages are like.
Chris Torek wrote:
Python might be penalized by its use of Unicode here, since a
Boyer-Moore table for a full 16-bit Unicode string would need
65536 entries
But is there any need for the Boyer-Moore algorithm to
operate on characters?
Seems to me you could just as well chop the UTF-16 up
into
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
A nice piece of syntax that has been proposed for Python is "yield from",
which will do the same thing, but you can't use that yet.
Unless you're impatient enough to compile your own
Python with my patch applied:
http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/greg.ewing/python/yield-
IMO, it shouldn't be necessary to explicitly copy docstrings
around like this in the first place. Either it should happen
automatically, or help() should be smart enough to look up
the inheritance hierarchy when given a method that doesn't
have a docstring of its own.
Unfortunately, since unbound
Chris Angelico wrote:
Rather than find all prime numbers up to num, stop at sqrt(num) - it's
not possible to have any prime factors larger than that.
That's not quite true -- the prime factors of 26 are 2 and 13,
and 13 is clearly greater than sqrt(26).
However, once you've divided out all th
Carl Banks wrote:
Presumably, the reason you are overriding a method in a subclass
is to change its behavior;
Not always true by any means, and maybe not even usually true.
Consider overriding for the purpose of implementing an abstract
method, or because something about the internal operation
Carl Banks wrote:
x = random.choice([Triange(),Square()])
print x.draw.__doc__ # prints "Draws a shape"
Quick, what shape is x.draw() going to draw?
Your debugging code is insufficient. It should include
print type(x)
and then it will be obvious what shape is going to get
drawn.
--
Gre
Eric Snow wrote:
But for "method" objects (really a wrapper for
bound functions) would it change the __doc__ of the wrapper or of the
bound function?
You probably wouldn't want to change the __doc__ of a method
wrapper; instead you'd make sure you got hold of the underlying
function first. So
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
"Hoisting" in computing refers to the idea of "lifting" variables or code
outside of one block into another.
I'm not sure it's the right term for what's happening here,
though. Nothing is being lifted to a higher level -- the
functions remain at the same level they were
Chris Angelico wrote:
And did any of the studies take into account the fact that a lot of
computer users - in all but the purest data entry tasks - will use a
mouse as well as a keyboard?
What I think's really stupid is designing keyboards with two
big blocks of keys between the alphabetic key
Tim Roberts wrote:
Andre Majorel wrote:
Anyway, it seems the Python way to declare a function is
def f ():
pass
No, that DEFINES a function.
Actually, it's more illuminating to say that it *creates* a function.
The 'def' statement in Python is an executable statement. Executing
it has
John Salerno wrote:
I want it to copy a set of files/directories from a
location on my C:\ drive to another directory on my E:\ drive. I don't
want to rename or delete the originals,
It sounds like shutil.copy() is what you want, or one of the
other related functions in the shutil module.
--
G
Wolfgang Keller wrote:
Any chance to see a hierarchical multi-column TreeListView anytime soon?
There may be a table view, but I can't promise anything about
a tree view, sorry.
--
Greg
--
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Terry Reedy wrote:
Greg left out the most important to me:
"Now works with Python 3 on MacOSX and Windows!"
I'm not making too much of that at the moment, because it
*doesn't* work on Linux yet, and I've no idea how long
it will be before it does.
The issue is that there will apparently not b
Michael Hrivnak wrote:
Besides, it seems that all
you've accomplished is verifying that the client can execute python
code and you've made it a bit less convenient to attack.
And that only if the attacker isn't a Python programmer.
If he is, he's probably writing his attack program in
Python an
PyGUI 2.5.1 is available:
http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/greg.ewing/python_gui/
Minor update to fix missing distutils_extensions.py file.
What is PyGUI?
--
PyGUI is a cross-platform GUI toolkit designed to be lightweight
and have a highly Pythonic API.
--
Gregory Ewing
Chris Torek wrote:
Oops! It turns out that os.kill() can raise OverflowError (at
least in this version of Python, not sure what Python 3.x does).
Seems to me that if this happens it indicates a bug in
your code. It only makes sense to pass kill() something
that you know to be the pid of an ex
Chris Torek wrote:
I can then check the now-valid
pid via os.kill(). However, it turns out that one form of "trash"
is a pid that does not fit within sys.maxint. This was a surprise
that turned up only in testing, and even then, only because I
happened to try a ridiculously large value as one o
The place where this "Unity API" idea of yours falls down
is that an API is only truly easy to use when it's designed
to closely match the characteristics of the language it's
being used from.
For example, Python has a very powerful feature that most
other languages don't have anything remotely l
rantingrick wrote:
Ruby: for x in blah: blah_blah_blah
Python: for x in blah: blah_blah_blah
Here you're making the mistake of thinking that surface syntax
is all that matters. Although the 'for' statements in Python and
Ruby look very similar, underneath they're based on quite
different mecha
Chris Angelico wrote:
Your proposed "Unity API" (which I assume has nothing to do with Natty
Narwhal's preferred interface) already exists. It's the C language.
Or maybe GObject Introspection is closer to what you
have in mind?
A library that supports GI advertises enough information
about it
Ian Kelly wrote:
If it's not a callable, then the result
will just be that something non-callable is bound to the "roll_die"
name -- which could be useful, but is probably a bad idea in general.
There are legitimate uses -- for example, the following
is a convenient way of creating a read-only
rantingrick wrote:
I agree however i see merit in both approaches. But why must we have
completely different languages just for that those two approaches?
We have different languages because different people have different
ideas about what a language should be like. Ruby people like user
defin
OKB (not okblacke) wrote:
A decorator basically modifies a function/method, so that ALL
subsequent calls to it will behave differently.
Furthermore, usually a decorator is used when for some
reason you *can't* achieve the same effect with code
inside the function itself.
For example, the
rantingrick wrote:
Unlike most GUI libraries the Tkinter developers thought is would
"just wonderful" if the root GUI window just sprang into existence if
the programmer "somehow" forgot to create one.
IMO the real problem here is the existence of a privileged
"root" window at all. No GUI plat
rantingrick wrote:
what concerns me is the fact that virtual methods in derived
classes just blend in to the crowd.
I think we really need some
sort of visual cue in the form of forced syntactical notation (just
like the special method underscores).
If you're suggesting that it should be imp
TheSaint wrote:
On 4-7-2011 1:41, amir chaouki wrote:
No, I misplaced my crystal ball.
I'm waiting mine, brand new in HD :D, with remote control :D :D
The new digital models are great. But there's a
distressing tendency for visions to come with
DRM protection these days, so you can only sh
rantingrick wrote:
You say "root" windows are bad however any parent-child relationship
has to BEGIN somewhere.
There's no need for *toplevel* windows to be children
of anything, though.
HOWEVER any of the windows ARE in fact
instances of Tk.Toplevel[1]. So they ARE all equal because they al
rantingrick wrote:
Most applications consist of one main window
(a Tkinter.Tk instance).
You've obviously never used a Macintosh. On the Mac, it's
perfectly normal for an application to open multiple
documents, each in its own window, with no one window
being the "main" window. Any of them can
rantingrick wrote:
What he means is that On Mac, if you close "all" windows, the application is
still running.
Then that is NOT closing windows that is only ICONIFIYING/HIDING them.
No, the windows really are closed. They no longer exist
in any way. The application is still running, though,
rantingrick wrote:
And how do you EXPLICITY quit the application?
Using its "Quit" menu command.
But that's Mac-specific, and not central to the discussion.
On Linux and Windows, an application will usually exit when
its last window is closed. Either way, there is no need for
a privileged mai
rantingrick wrote:
I was thinking more about this comment and it occurred to me that
Python does have user controlled data structures. Just because there
is no "top level syntax" like ruby does not mean these do not exists.
Syntax is what it's really about, though. There's no clear
dividing li
rantingrick wrote:
Something to replace Python, Ruby, Perl,
JavaScript, etc, etc not some "pie-in-the-sky", "single-answer-to-all-
our-problems" pipe dream language.
So it's just a "single-answer-to-all-our-glue-programming"
pipe dream language, then? :-)
--
Greg
--
http://mail.python.org/mai
rantingrick wrote:
Yes but what benefit does that gain over say, Tkinter's design
(because that has been your argument).
Like I said, it's a tangential issue.
The important thing is that it's okay for an app to stay
alive until its *last* top level window is closed. There
doesn't have to be a
Philip Semanchuk wrote:
I can understand why it's frustrating but a menu items with icons on them
aren't exactly common... Now that I think about it, I
don't know that I've ever seen one under OSX, and I don't even know if it's
supported at all.
It's supported -- I've got FruitMenu running at
rantingrick wrote:
So you prefer to close a gazillion windows one by one?
If I want to close all the windows, I can use the application's
"Quit" or "Exit" command, or whatever the platform calls it.
(Note that if there is a separate instance of the application
for each window -- as was sugges
Chris Angelico wrote:
either brain something'd (keeping this
G-rated) or an orangutan,
There's a certain librarian who might take issue with your
lumping orangutans in with the brain-something'd...
--
Greg
--
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Xah Lee wrote:
they
don't provide even simple list manipulation functions such as union,
intersection, and the like. Not in perl, not in python, not in lisps.
Since 2.5 or so, Python has a built-in set type that
provides these (which is arguably a better place for them
than lists).
--
Greg
--
Teemu Likonen wrote:
Please don't forget that the whole point of Lisps' (f x) syntax is that
code is also Lisp data.
It's possible to design other syntaxes that have a similar
property. Prolog, for example -- a Prolog program is expressed
in terms of Prolog data structures, yet it manages to h
Anthony Kong wrote:
So I have picked this topic for one of my presentation. It is because
functional programming technique is one of my favorite in my bag of python
trick.
I'm not sure it's a good idea to emphasise functional
programming too much. Python doesn't really lend itself
to a heavi
Ethan Furman wrote:
some
of the return values (Logical, Date, DateTime, and probably Character)
will have their own dedicated singletons (Null, NullDate, NullDateTime,
NullChar -- which will all compare equal to None)
That doesn't seem like a good idea to me. It's common practice
to use 'is'
Anders J. Munch wrote:
> Cameron Simpson wrote:
>> Personally, I like to use the tab _key_ as an input device, but to have
>> my editor write real spaces to the file in consequence.
Just like in the old days:)
Most editors can be configured to do that.
Where they fall down, in my experien
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
Why 78? Because it's one less than 79, as mandated by PEP 8, and two less
than 80, the hoary old standard.
There's another possible reason for the number 78, although
hopefully it doesn't still apply today.
There's an application I work with that stores free text
in dat
sturlamolden wrote:
Or should modern deskop apps be written with something completely
different, such as HTML5?
I hope not! HTML is great for web pages, but not
everything should be a web page.
--
Greg
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Andrew Berg wrote:
It has quite a few external dependencies, though (different dependencies
for each platform, so it requires a lot to be cross-platform).
I think that's a bit of an exaggeration -- there's only
one major dependency on each platform, and it's a very
widely used one (currently P
Tim Roberts wrote:
Gregory Ewing wrote:
sturlamolden wrote:
Or should modern deskop apps be written with something completely
different, such as HTML5?
I hope not! HTML is great for web pages, but not
everything should be a web page.
I don't think your glibness is justified. There
John Nagle wrote:
There's PyGUI, which, at a glance, fits whit what you want. Looks like
it uses OpenGL and native GUI facilities.
http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/greg.ewing/python_gui/
It still uses Tcl/Tk stuff, which is un-Pythonic.
You must be thinking of something else. My PyGUI has
Frank Millman wrote:
I know I am flogging a dead horse here, but IMHO, '165', '165.',
'165.0', and '165.00' are all valid string representations of the
integer 165.[1]
Therefore, for practical purposes, it would not be wrong for python's
'int' function to accept these without complaining.
How
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
As for True and False, bool has to be able to return them, because the whole
purpose of exposing bool is so people can call it: if bool(some_value) was
an error, that would defeat the purpose of having bool!
Bool is different, because it doubles as a function for
coercin
Brian Blais wrote:
On Jul 29, 2011, at 9:22 PM, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
Billy Mays wrote:
Is xrange not a generator? I know it doesn't return a tuple or list, so
what exactly is it?
It's an iterable object.
There are advantages in having xrange (or range in python3) return
an iterable obje
OKB (not okblacke) wrote:
You don't need to include extraneous
whitespice to get it to line up
^^
+1 on Python 4 providing whitespice. Should liven things up nicely. :-)
--
Greg
--
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Andrew Berg wrote:
Well of course. All the good names are taken. :P
I even came up with cavelib and it was taken (
http://www.mechdyne.com/cavelib.aspx ).
A couple of ideas that don't seem to turn up
anything software-related:
Flummux
Flavius
--
Greg
--
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Andrew Berg wrote:
I have a method that writes the data to disk, but at this point, I don't
see any problems with just pickling the class instance.
Just keep in mind that if you're not careful, pickles
can end up being tied more closely that you would like
to various internal details of your p
Chris Rebert wrote:
On Sun, Jul 31, 2011 at 9:56 PM, Ghodmode wrote:
I'm wondering how the list is managed. Can anyone post, or only
members?
Since we're gatewayed to USENET's comp.lang.python anyway, I'd
strongly suspect the former.
You may get a better experience by reading the usenet g
Thijs Engels wrote:
argv[0] returns the name of the current file (string), but no path
information if I recall correct.
It's the path that was used to specify the script by whatever
launched it, so it could be either absolute or relative to
the current directory.
--
Greg
--
http://mail.python
gc wrote:
Alternatively, is there a version of iterable multiplication that
creates new objects rather than just copying the reference?
You can use a list comprehension:
a, b, c, d, e = [dict() for i in xrange(5)]
or a generator expression:
a, b, c, d, e = (dict() for i in xrange(5))
-
azrael wrote:
If I would have gotten a dollar for every time I talked to someone in a company
about why they dont use python for their products and I was served the answer
"Well it kind of sucks in GUI development", I would be a millionaire.
Even assuming that Python + wxPython sucks less than
Chris Angelico wrote:
But both of these violate XKCD 859.
For the benefit of all those who just went off to read
that strip, here's something to help you unwind:
)
There, you can relax now.
--
Greg
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rantingrick wrote:
"Used to" and "supposed to" is the verbiage of children
and idiots.
So when we reach a certain age we're meant to abandon
short, concise and idomatic ways of speaking, and substitute
long words and phrases to make ourselves sound adult and
educated?
--
Greg
--
http://mail.py
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
I'm reminded of this quote from John Baez:
"...But the octonions are the
crazy old uncle nobody lets out of the attic: they are nonassociative."
(And don't even ask about the sedenions...)
Aren't they the ones that mutilate cattle and abduct people?
--
Greg
--
http://
I don't mind people using e.g. and i.e. as long
as they use them *correctly*.
Many times people use i.e. when they really
mean e.g.
--
Greg
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Peter Otten wrote:
LOAD_NAME is pretty dumb, it looks into the local namespace and if that
lookup fails falls back to the global namespace. Someone probably thought "I
can do better", and reused the static name lookup for nested functions for
names that occur only on the right-hand side of ass
Robert Kern wrote:
That's just incorrect. You shouldn't use (binary) floats for many
*accounting* purposes, but for many financial/econometric analyses, floats
are de rigeur and work much better than decimals
There's a certain accounting package I work with that *does*
use floats -- binary one
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
As far as I know, ulimit ("user limit") won't help. It can limit the amount
of RAM available to a process, but that just makes the process start using
virtual memory more quickly.
ulimit -v is supposed to set the maximum amount of virtual
memory the process can use.
It
Ian Kelly wrote:
if sys.version_info < (3,):
getDictValues = dict.itervalues
else:
getDictValues = dict.values
(which is basically what the OP was doing in the first place).
And which he seemed to think didn't work for some
reason, but it seems fine as far as I can tell:
Python 2.7 (
On Thu, 01 Sep 2011 08:52:49 -0700, Den wrote:
Also, is there a corresponding key-sequence in Mac and Linux?
The nearest equivalent in MacOSX is Command-Option-Escape, which
brings up the force-quit dialog. I don't know how deep down in
the system it's implemented.
It's possible to use SetSys
Chris Angelico wrote:
Although I heard somewhere that that's more gimmick than guarantee,
and that it IS possible for an app to hook CAD - just that it's a lot
harder than building a simple window that looks like the login...
And of course it's possible that someone has snuck in
during the nig
[Sorry to revive an old thread, but I was away when it occurred
and I'd like to make a comment...]
Kevin Walzer wrote:
This library isn't much different from other Python GUI toolkits--it's
dependent on underlying, rather large, platform-specific
implementations--but it provides an even higher
Raymond Hettinger wrote:
The existing list.pop() API is similar (though it takes an index
value instead of a boolean):
mylist.pop() # default case: pop from last
mylist.pop(0) # other case:pop from first
pop() is somewhat different, because there
rantingrick wrote:
All we have to do is create an abstraction API that
calls wxPython until we can create OUR OWN wxPython from WxWidgets.
There seems to be at least one other project around
like that:
http://dabodev.com/
--
Greg
--
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Attempting to compile Python 3.2 in 32-bit mode
on MacOSX 10.6.4 I get:
Undefined symbols:
"___moddi3", referenced from:
_PyThread_acquire_lock_timed in libpython3.2m.a(thread.o)
_acquire_timed in libpython3.2m.a(_threadmodule.o)
"___divdi3", referenced from:
_PyThread_acqui
Terry Reedy wrote:
PyGui seems to be purely a gui package, but it appear to be aimed only
at 2.x with no interest in 3.x.
I'm working on 3.x conversion right now and should have
something ready soon.
--
Greg
--
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Octavian Rasnita wrote:
How complete is this GUI lib compared with others that can be used in
Python apps?
It has most of the basic things you would want. There are one
or two gaps, and I'm working on filling them.
"Get the library and its documentation included in the core Python
distributi
Corey Richardson wrote:
What are those gaps?
That depends on what you consider to be essential.
Things I would like to add include:
* Combo box
* Group box
* Tab panel (aka "notebook")
* Table view
* Tree view
* Rich text editor
--
Greg
--
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What is the recommended way to write code for 2.7 using
maketrans() on text strings in such a way that it will
convert correctly using 2to3?
There seems to be two versions of maketrans in 3.x, one
for text and one for bytes. Code that references
string.maketrans ends up with the one for bytes, wh
Martin v. Löwis wrote:
Whether a GUI library is application programming or systems programming,
I don't know.
Neither do I, but it doesn't really matter. In my case the
string is definitely text (although it will always be ascii)
and therefore unicode is the right representation to use
in 3.x.
BartC wrote:
I got the impression the OP was talking about simply pinning down
certain variables, so that a runtime name lookup (if that's in fact what
Python does) was not necessary.
A problem with this is that lexical name lookups are a
relatively small proportion of the looking up that goe
John Nagle wrote:
"let" allows the usual optimizations - constant folding, hoisting
out of loops, compile time arithmetic, unboxing, etc.
Only if the compiler knows the value of the constant,
which it won't if it's defined in a different module.
--
Greg
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