RE: tomcat contexts and JVMs

and the connections would increase per context added. Is there a way to share the connection pool object across contexts? Again all this relates back to whether the various contexts runs within one JVM session or each has its own JVM session. [Kitching Simon] I'm not quite

RE: multi-jvm, one servlet context

running speed is very slow, can I use multi-jvm to make it faster? sorry for stupid question, hope can get answer. rgds sun [Kitching Simon] I can't see how running multiple jvms will improve the speed of your servlets...more processes will slow down your machine

RE: Running Tomcat as non-root user

Hi Geoff, As far as I know (and I did a fair bit of research on this topic), there is no way for any java app to start as one user, then switch to running as another user. What I do is run tomcat on port 8080 as non-root, and use a firewall product to redirect port 80 - 8080. This works fine.

RE: Blending webapps with HTML files

Hi, I don't know if my approach qualifies as "best practice", but I do have a couple of comments to contribute to this thread.. I would just point out first that the following comments really applies to tomcat running "stand-alone". After re-reading your email, you appear to be talking about

where can I find tomcat 3.2.2

Hi, I recently filed a bug report in BugRat, and see that there is now a comment "fixed in tomcat 3.2.2". However, I can't find any release called 3.2.2 on the apache site, nor any such tag in the cvs repository. Can anyone tell me (a) how to get the fixed code? (b) when a binary 3.2.2

RE: url-pattern mapping worked in 3.1, but not 3.2.1

$TOMCAT_HOME/conf/web.xml is not used in tomcat 3.2 Put the mapping in yourwebapp/WEB-INF/web.xml -Original Message- From: David Fan [SMTP:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Monday, January 15, 2001 5:51 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: url-pattern mapping worked in 3.1, but not

RE: Defining an init parameter for all servlets

. Is there a way to define this in web.xml, besides copying the init-param section of the global parameter to every servlet's section in web.xml? [Kitching Simon] Yep! To set a parameter accessable by all servlets *in a web application*, see "context-param" tag (or is it co

RE: shutdown.sh not working

Try running the shutdown command several times. On HP-UX, I need to run it 3 times to shut tomcat down; on solaris I only need to run the script once. It appears to be related to the way different JVMs handle interrupting threads; I've asked several times on this group but no-one seems to have

RE: Mounting directory

It would help if you said what version of tomcat, what operating system and what java version.. If you are working on unix, then are the directory and files readable by the user that tomcat is running as? Regards, Simon -Original Message- From: Chalasani, Ashant [SMTP:[EMAIL

RE: Mounting directory

'[EMAIL PROTECTED]' Subject: AW: Mounting directory Thanks Simon, I am using jakarta-tomcat-3.2.1.zip Win-NT 4.0 Java 1.2 on jBuilder 3 Regards, Ashant -Ursprngliche Nachricht- Von: Kitching Simon [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Gesendet: Thursday, January

RE: Multiple Tomcat instances on one machine

Hi William, Tomcat *can* share binaries across multiple running instances. However, as I found the docs a bit confusing when I tried to get this working, here's how to do it: create the following directory structure for each instance (eg under each user's home directory if you want an instance

RE: TOMCAT PROBLEM of disconection

The problem is that the java virtual machine you are using has a bug. There really isn't any work-around for this sort of problem - if the jvm is buggy, the best thing is to change jvm. JVM version 1.3 is available for just about every platform now, I suggest you download install it. Regards,

RE: segmentation violation in Java

Classic VM (build 1.2.2_006, green threads, nojit) -Original Message- From: Khaled Ben Mohamed [ mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Thursday, January 11, 2001 10:17 AM To: '[EMAIL PROTECTED]' Subject: -Original Message----- From: Kitching Simon [ mai

RE: Password encryption in Java

A java implementation of crypt can be found at: http://locutus.kingwoodcable.com/jfd/crypt.html Alternatives are to use MD5 or similar from the java encryption api (I think most jvms provide an implementation of the major algorithms). However, if you need to access the password from both java

RE: Servlet and Multiple Instances

Hi Cam, Servlets don't "have threads". Tomcat as a whole has a pool of threads for serving incoming requests (see the Connector tag in $TOMCAT_HOME/conf/server.xml). Unless you do something unusual, tomcat creates *one* instance of your servlet, and only one. Any *tomcat* request-serving

off-topic: handling non-ascii characters in URLs

Hi All, While following a related thread (RE: a simple test to charset), a question occured to me about charset encodings in URLs. This isn't really tomcat-related (more to do with HTTP standards) but thought someone here might be able to offer an answer. When a webserver sends content to a

RE: Broken pipe

Hi Markus, This is a problem has been puzzling me for quite a while too. However, it does seem related to an exception being generated in my own code, ie it happens only after some jsp I have written throws an exception (which I catch log). I think, therefore, that it isn't a tomcat bug as

RE: off-topic: handling non-ascii characters in URLs

problems with not encoded URL`s in Netscape, but the IE always translates them right. Birte Glimm [Kitching Simon] The problem is that there are multiple different encoding schemes. If IE is "translating them right" then what rules exactly is it

RE: why must I add the port number

If you don't specify a port when you type the url into a web browser, most (all?) web browsers default to port 80. The problem with having tomcat run on port 80 "out of the box" is that: (a) you might be installing tomcat on a machine that already has a web server running on the standard port.

RE: IllegalStateException???

According to the sun servlet specs, you are **not allowed** to do a forward operation after having called a method to get the output stream, exactly as the message states. Are you sure you have never obtained an output stream before attempting to forward to "confirm.jsp" ?? If you have

RE: charset problem

I think the most likely cause is that it is your SQL statement that is throwing an exception when you try to insert non-ascii characters into a text column in the database. Java text is all based on UNICODE, so it is unlikely that tomcat has any problems at all with special characters. So the

RE: IllegalStateException???

quest req, HttpServletResponse resp, String page, String component) throws IOException, ServletException { RequestDispatcher rd = req.getRequestDispatcher("/"+component+"/"+page); rd.forward(req, resp); } /sample code ??? any clue? Matt Ki

RE: load on startup

Perhaps the problem is that your servlet *is* being started, but is throwing an exception during constructor or init method..print statements in your constructor and init method should prove this one way or another. The load-on-startup value is just an integer that indicates order of startup

RE: charset problem

Hi Andre, I'm still willing to bet your sql is the problem. It looks exactly like you are catching a nasty exception somewhere, and totally ignoring it (though I have been known to be wrong on occasions :-) I think you will have to provide more info, and in particular do some research/debugging

RE: Session Problem

And the "default" timeout for sessions can be set in your web.xml file with: session-config session-timeout 30 /session-timeout /session-config The value is in minutes... Cheers, Simon -Original Message- From: Jeff Fletcher [SMTP:[EMAIL

RE: a simple test to charset

Very interesting - a concrete example is always more interesting to investigate than an abstract bug! So I gave your code a try and it worked fine on my system! I can't imagine what might be making it run for me but not run for you.. Just a by-the-way: I think you should also be setting the

RE: Setting properties outside of the WAR

I think that this whole issue (specifying configuration parameters to web applications) needs some serious thought - possibly at the level of the servlet spec development group, even. The problem is that two deployments of the same application are not necessarily identical. The most obvious

RE: Tomcat 3.2.1 not recognizing index document

Hi, As has been stated many times in this email group, tomcat 3.2 does *not* read the file $TOMCAT_HOME/conf/web.xml any more. I bet you defined your welcome-file there - you should define the welcome-file entry in WEB-INF/web.xml instead. Note that the WEB-INF/web.xml file has always been the

RE: log files

Tomcat 4 generates "access logs" of the kind you need Tomcat 3.2 does not. If you are using tomcat 3.2, either use a webserver like apache as a front-end (apache does generate access logs) or upgrade to tomcat 4. For more information, search the email archives, as this question has been asked

RE: Setting properties outside of the WAR

IL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, January 03, 2001 4:30 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Setting properties outside of the WAR Oh good, it's not just me. Thanks, I would appreciate it if you did forward me a copy of that script. Cheers Ritchie - Original Message ----- F

RE: Pl clear this

The answer is all good news :-) Tomcat is licenced under the Apache Software Licence. You can find a copy of this licence in the tomcat version you just downloaded - it is in a file called "LICENCE". Basically, though, the licence says that tomcat is totally free for any use at all. Tomcat is

RE: context initialization

loaded. Any ideas? Thanks for your help, Nicolás - Original Message ----- From: "Kitching Simon" [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Wednesday, December 27, 2000 7:16 AM Subject: RE: context initialization If I understand your question correctly, I do this sort

RE: context initialization

If I understand your question correctly, I do this sort of thing currently, by having a servlet which instantiates a bunch of objects, and adds them to the context. This servlet is defined as "load-on-startup". In the webapp's web.xml, I have: !-- define a servlet/class that can be

RE: Running a thread from a JSP

thing very similar to send email. You might want to provide for logging the data to a file if the socket connection fails. When the job is done, the Thread falls out of the run method and dies - all very neat. [Kitching Simon] I have an alternative solution to suggest. Crea

RE: Servlet error I can't seem to resolve

The stack-trace seems pretty clear to me - the "sendIt" method of the IridiumSendMail class is storing a null pointer into a hashtable. What you may find is that the IridiumSendMail class is expecting to load a resource file from somewhere, but not finding it because you forgot to install it, or

RE: Servlet error I can't seem to resolve

in the classpath? In the case of commonly-used jars, like mail.jar for example, why would it be better to replicate this in each application's WEB-INF/lib directory? Thanks, -Jeff [Kitching Simon] First of all, it makes it easier to install a webapp. For example, if you migrate

RE: Tomcat info.

I'm not sure what you mean by "build" tomcat. It's enough just to *install* tomcat. There is a "binary" release available pre-compiled, which is all most people will ever need. Just follow the relevant links from the jakarta.apache.org site, and download the "jakarta-tomcat-3.2.1.zip" if you are

RE: very basic web server hosting question

What ted was pointing out is that you do *not* look in the "win32" directory for tomcat, because tomcat is not platform-specific. The file you need is: http://jakarta.apache.org/builds/jakarta-tomcat/release/v3.2.1/bin/jakarta-t omcat-3.2.1.zip What is in the win32 directory is just stuff like

RE: classes in zip files

As far as I am aware, Tomcat has *never* recognised ".zip" files in the lib directory, only .jars. Perhaps in the past, you happened to have the zip in a classpath... Anyway, the fix is just to rename any .zip to .jar, they are (currently) exactly the same internal format. -Original

RE: creation of application wide objects

? [Kitching Simon] That's exactly right. When tomcat starts a webapp, it checks the web.xml file for that webapp, and starts any servlets specified as load-on-startup. Also, if I had three sevlets to auto load would I specify load-on-startup 3 /load-on-startup

RE: How to accommodate the webapps directory structure change

irectory tree structure in that way ? Tomcat is just complying with the SUN servlet and jsp specifications. See the original sun documents (downloadable from the sun site). Regards, Simon -Original Message- From: Steven Liu [SMTP:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, Dece

RE: How to accommodate the webapps directory structure change

Hi Steven, The problem you have with your new directory structure is that the WEB-INF directory isn't immediately below the webapp root. In the first case, you have a webapp root of "execution", and WEB-INF is directly below that directory, so this is OK. In the second case, you need WEB-INF

RE: Deny web-inf access (security problem)

Hi Paul, I disagree with Guy's email here. There are several very good reasons why your servlet classes *should* be within your webapp, and *not* within your CLASSPATH. Just follow the examples that come with tomcat, and you shouldn't go far wrong. The sun servlet specs say quite explicitly

RE: Question about default servlet in Tomcat 3.2.1

Hi David, Tomcat 3.2.1 no longer reads the file $TOMCAT_HOME/conf/web.xml. It is a bit misleading that it is still in the distribution, but you can ignore anything in this file. Do you perhaps have something in *your* webapp's web.xml file that refers to DefaultServlet?? -Original

RE: Strange redirect problem...

Hi, Is it possible to try tomcat stand-alone instead of behind apache? That will eliminate half the possible sources of the redirect problems.. -Original Message- From: Cato, Christopher [SMTP:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, December 19, 2000 10:32 PM To: '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'

RE: sealing violation in 4.0m5

Hi Bill. I believe a "sealing violation" is when a class which was loaded under one classloader tries to call a class loaded under a different classloader, in circumstances where this isn't allowed. I suggest that the problem is therefore something to do with classpaths, ie your classpath

RE: how to eliminate port number?

And of course, Ted has assumed that you are running on windows. For unix, there are additional issues, as port 80 can be listened on only by programs running as "root". -Original Message- From: Ted Husted [SMTP:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, December 20, 2000 10:55 AM To:

RE: Need Some help..

t.InvokerInterceptor" debug="0" prefix="/login/" / 2) Defined mappings in web.xml (in webapps/root/.../web.xml) for all servlets that are in packages. This seems to work when I requests to Tomcat directly. I wanted to know: A) whether the above configurations

RE: JSP vs Servlets...

Hi, If you want to generate lots of HTML, with a little bit of java logic code, then use jsp, and embed your java logic "in-line". If you want to do lots of logic/computation, then generate a small amount of html output, you may wish to use servlets only, and use "print" statements to create

RE: JSP Compile Error

Matt, I gave your page a spin, and it compiled file. The system I tested with was: OS: HP-UX11 jdk: java version "1.2.2.04" HotSpot VM (1.0.1fcs, mixed mode, PA2.0 build 1.2.2.04-00/04/14-PA_RISC2.0) Tomcat3.2.1 stand-alone I'll try it on a solaris machine sometime, just need to remember my

RE: Libs and classes are missing in 3.2.1 continue

Hi Andrew, Sounds like a weird problem! The only thing I know of that changed between 3.1 and 3.2 which *might* have this effect is the way that classloaders are used. Just as a wild guess, double-check your classpath, and make sure you have the smallest possible classpath set up before

RE: Servlet display

Hi Carlos, I think it unlikely that anyone is "studying the problem". What you *can* get from this email group is tips from people who have encountered the same problem in the past, or suggestions from other people about how you might go about solving this yourself. Unfortunately, there is

RE: Netscape displaying the HTML code

I agree. I think the problem is that webservers normally set the http content type attribute header by figuring it out from the file suffix. However, in your case your servlet is serving the code, not the webserver, so you need to do this in your servlet. I guess that in the absence of any http

RE: Tomcat Configuration

Hi, It seems to be working fine. Tomcat doesn't have any kind of GUI interface as part of the server. There is a minimal interface for administering tomcat, but it is web-based, ie tomcat itself runs without an interface, and you connect with a web-browser to tomcat in order to change its

RE: Basic web-app question

Hi Dave, IN a webapp, you can structure the directories containing .jsp and .html files however you wish. However, your java .class files need to be in a single "unified" directory tree, under WEB-INF/classes. This doesn't mean your source code has to be structured in the same way. As long as

RE: Can't stop tomcat

Try running the "stop" command several times. If you eventually get a bunch of socket exceptions on the screen, you know that it worked (the errors appear if you run stop, and there is no tomcat instance to stop). I think there are some problems with some JVMs, which are not stopping all threads

RE: Includes

Hi Bruce, I'm not entirely sure what your problem is. I'm almost certain you cannot include files "across contexts" using jsp:include (ie run-time include). That would involve invoking a servlet in one context from a servlet in another context. I'm almost certain that %@ include url (ie

RE: Need Some help..

Hi, I suggest thinking of your mappings in two steps: (a) get the mappings right *within* a context (b) decide what context prefix you want. If you ve a context with a path (ie url prefix) of "mywebapp", then you can set up URLs as you desire *within* that webapp. Configuring the url-servlet

RE: Pbm. in setting the parameter for an applet in servlet...

I can see a typo in there - you don't have a "" before PARAM To check the output of your servlet, are you running it, using "view source", saving the results then trying to run *that*? This procedure will ensure you are testing exactly what your servlet is generating... -Original

RE: Includes

to the parent directory which includes "app1", "app2", and "include". But in 3.2 when I do this I get 404's. Kitching Simon wrote: Hi Bruce, I'm not entirely sure what your problem is. I'm almost certain you cannot include files "across contexts"

RE: At Value must be quoted. Error

staring to hard.. Is there a document anywhere that describes error messages? The error message was not clear to me, but then again I am new to this. [Kitching Simon] For this type of error, probably not. As I said, tomcat uses an XML parser (probably Xerces, as it's from

RE: Finding Tomcat version

If tomcat is running, the easiest way to find the version is to get a directory listing (ie ask for any directory name where there isn't an index file), and look at the bottom for the server version. -Original Message- From: Craig R. McClanahan [SMTP:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Thursday,

RE: Forward problems servlet to JSP in 3.2

Hi, I just have a little bit extra to add to Andrea's email: The problem is that when a browser has loaded a page containing relative urls to other files, the *browser* resolves these into absolute references by merging them with the URL that it *thinks* the parent page was loaded from.

RE: limit threads per servlet in Tomcat

Hi Jay, Why would you want to do this? As far as I can see, having one object with 21 threads is *more* efficient than 21 threads distributed across two objects. If you have some kind of lock contention, then using two objects is not going to improve this; by definition, a lock is only

RE: limit threads per servlet in Tomcat

Hi, I think this answer is to a slightly different question than the one that was asked... The config example below limits the number of threads handling client requests to 3. However, any further clients that connect *wait* for an earlier request to finish (freeing the thread). The original

RE: Is 3.1 a production ready release?

Hi, No, 3.1 is not production quality - I know, I tried :-( However, 3.2 is due out in a matter of a week or two. I am using 3.2beta6 for a small-medium volume business-to-business web site, and it is ok. Not the fastest webserver in the world, but adequate, open-source, free,

RE: Please Look - 3.2 beta 7 problem - RequestDispatcher include()

. Also, in 3.2 beta 6 I could do an include() then a forward(). Now in 3.2 beta 7 I get an illegalState error on the forward() because of an open outputstream. I'm not opening an output stream. The include() must be doing it. [Kitching Simon] I don't think that it is valid

RE: Please Look - 3.2 beta 7 problem - RequestDispatcher inclu de()

Simon] Yes, no problem with this as far as I know. Cheers, Simon Thanks. --- Kitching Simon [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: -Original Message- From: Wyn Easton [SMTP:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, November 14, 2000 12:24 PM

RE: auto-loading

ContextInterceptor in server.xml? [Kitching Simon] I presume you mean *comment out* the AutoSetup. This is exactly what needs to be done. Will this effect anything else? thanks! [Kitching Simon] Cheers, Simon

RE: jsp:forward

Hi, I really can't see what you are trying to achieve here. What you have here appears to me to be infinite recursion. Maybe you need to look at the definition of what jsp:forward does (see the sun jsp/servlet specs). Maybe you really meant to use jsp:include?? or you just are trying to set

RE: Dispatching to a jsp file

. Is there any way to cause an arbitrary file somewhere to be read by the Jsp engine and returned to the client? Richard [Kitching Simon] If you mean that you want to only allow access to the jsps "via" the servlet, I think the correct way to do this is t

RE: Access a Servlet!!

://localhost/servlet/servletApp/ and I would like to access through this one http://localhost/servletAppAlias/. Can I do this? How? [Kitching Simon] in yourwebapp/WEB-INF/web.xml, (a) add a servlet entry (b) add a servlet-mapping entry I'm sure this is in either

RE: web.xml location

Hi Jim, [[ Everybody **PLEASE** specify your tomcat version in your questions ]] I guess you aren't talking tomcat4, because you mention Interceptor. If you are talking tomcat3.2, then there *isn't* a global web.xml file anymore (actually, it still exists in the downloaded code, but is

RE: class load order and conflicts

different from mine already uses a class x contained in a JAR in its /lib dir. I also want to use that class but my /lib dir contains a newer version. What will happen? Does it depend on which servlet is loaded earlier or does each servlet get the class from its /lib dir? [Kitching Simon

RE: forward to an absolute URL

Hi Zsolt, The jsp:forward tag makes an internal "function call" to the servlet corresponding to the page you specify. Clearly, this doesn't make sense for a different site. Instead, use jsp:redirect (I might not have got that name quite right, I use scriptlet code %

RE: servlets and the refer link

Hi Betty, Actually, I *do* think that this information is available as part of a normal HTTP request (at least under some conditions, like if redirected by a page whose status code is "temporarily moved" or "permanently moved"). I have vague memories of using this feature from CGI about 4 years

RE: How can I see my webapps classpath?

Yes, but that's not really what Robert was asking. The original question (as I read it) is really * How can I find out what directories classes can be loaded from for a given webapp. I presume that if you call YourClassName.class.getClassLoader() for any class inside your webapp (eg from a

RE: Deploying a WAR with tomcat

Actually, you can just rename it. Jar currently uses the same format as zip. -Original Message- From: Ismael Blesa Part [SMTP:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, November 07, 2000 12:17 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Deploying a WAR with tomcat No, It only takes jar

RE: Shutting down Tomcat on HP-UX

Hi, This is one I'm having problems with too. When using HPUX11.00 and java 1.2.2_04: * With tomcat3.1, I needed 2 shutdown commands. * With tomcat3.2b6, I now need 3 shutdown commands. This difference is without changing the JVM, so it's clearly something to do with tomcat code. It's very

RE: Please Help!!! Error loading tomcat

Well, the real fix is to upgrade your Java Virtual Machine. A segmentation violation can only be as a result of a bug in the jvm. If this jvm is the very latest release, then (a) you might want to consider *downgrading* to an earlier jvm version, and (b) I think the jvm developers (blackdown?)

RE: Execute JSP's in a different directory - sans-examples.

examples. (And from what I've seen this directory cannot be inside the httpd/htdocs directory either. True?) For example: Add to tomcat-apache.conf file: ApJServMount /MYDIRECTORY ajpv12://127.0.0.1:8007 Create a directory inside /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/MYDIRECTORY [Kitching Simon

RE: Tomcat 3.2-beta-6 or 4.0m3?

Hi Tomcat developers, I'd love to see some info on the release plans for these products too. I presume that those of you with "committer" status have some general long-term plans I understand that software development schedules (and esp. open-source projects) are difficult to estimate, but

RE: Servlet loading on linux startup

Hi, Maybe this is a file permissions or paths problem... Check what user tomcat runs as when started from inittab. Is this the same user you use when you "log in to linux" to start tomcat? If not, does this user have access permissions to the WEB-INF/classes directory, the web.xml file, etc?

RE: Frustration with getInitParameter

Hi Paul, When you say "the servlet's getInitParameter("test")" what *exactly* do you mean? Do you mean that your servlet's init method is like: public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException { super.init(config); Object o = config.getInitParameter("test"); If

RE: WEB-INF/lib

Hi Ted, This functionality works fine in tomcat3.1. I (and many others on this email list) use this without problems. I am sure that tomcat3.2 also does this, as this behaviour is defined in sun's servlet specification. The files should be in application/WEB-INF/lib. Tomcat *does* add these to

RE: Installation Problem

What url did you type into your browser? Assuming that your tomcat instance is installed on the same PC as the browser you are using, you should try: http://localhost:8080 -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [SMTP:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, October 25, 2000 1:14 PM

RE: Why can't Cocoon find my producer class?

Just a thought - is Cocoon itself in your classpath, or your WEB-INF/lib? If the former, then the ClassLoader associated with cocoon's code will be the standard classloader, and may not find classes which are in the WEB-INF/classes directory (accessable via the context's ClassLoader).

RE: WEB-INF/lib

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: WEB-INF/lib I am doing everything according to the docs and sun spec. But the classes in the jar file are unavailable. Is there a servlet variable I can check at runtime to display my classpath? Thanks, Ted. Kitc

RE: Unable to rename class file

Hi, I guess that this is generated because tomcat has seen that your jsp file has been updated (its timestamp is newer than the generated .class file), and so is trying to move the class file generated from the old .jsp file out of the way so it can generate a .class file for the newer version

RE: Servlet Directory

Hi, Just to spell things out a bit clearer: The code for a servlet class, and any non-library classes it uses, must be in the classpath. Your best options are: (a) put them under {yourwebapp}/WEB-INF/classes, in a subdirectory that matches your package structure. (b) put them in a jar file, in