tical that
are 30' long in conjunction with 50 100' long wire radials. I use the
irrigation pipe as radials rather than stack them behind the garage waiting for
the price of aluminum to peak.
73, Carl W9LF
-Original Message-
From: Topband On Behalf
Of Jim Brown
Sent: Friday, January 7,
.
73 from Wisconsin where it is -18c now.
Carl W9LF
Get Outlook for iOS<https://aka.ms/o0ukef>
From: Topband on behalf
of Roger Kennedy
Sent: Friday, December 31, 2021 12:59:46 PM
To: topband@contesting.com
Subject: Topband: Wednesday Night Activity
C
Hello Dan and Topbanders
Great condx here in WI last night. Lots of activity from EU. ON4CT and OM2XW
were particularly strong. S7 signals typical.
I’m running two base loaded 70’ verticals in phase 1/8 spacing for general Omni
TX/RX and 130w on this end.
MX and HNY
Carl W9LF
Get Outlook
1000’ spools of 14ga stranded for $90 each. This
was NOS wire and is made in USA. Free shipping on these heavy spools too.
Good luck with your search!
Carl W9LF
Get Outlook for iOS<https://aka.ms/o0ukef>
From: Topband on behalf
of List Mail
Sent:
S9OK was light with me last night here in northern WI but I could copy.
Listened to the pile up...up...upwith lots of east coasters calling from NA
but hearing VERY few stations west of me.
I was listening on an 80m vertical so less than ideal RX antenna.
73,
Carl W9LF
-Original
connections' and I'm wondering if these connections really add value
to the ground radial screen. Has anyone modeled a single vertical or an array
with and without these 'perimeter connections' to determine if they are worth
the time and effort to install? Please advise.
Thank you
Carl W9LF
with my modified 80/160 Butternut vertical that's stuck
in the snow. It uses 4 pieces of 30' irrigation tubing for radials as well as
some wayward wires to create the ground screen. No amplifier. This winter I
have 22 countries on 160 with it. Looking forward to the array!
Thanks again
Carl
the forum on this set up? Any extra
precautions I should take to keep return currents from flowing on the feedline?
Thanks in advance for any suggestions.
Carl W9LF
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector
Jim,
It looks like you connect wires to lossy ground. Do you have the NEC-4
engine with your EZNEC ver 6.0?
Carl K9LA
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector
Thanks for the updated info, Steve.
Yes, a big Cycle 25 would still be in the picture. My little QRP 10m
transceiver will see some use! Ooops, sorry - this is the topband reflector.
Carl K9LA
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector
, he stated
that the termination date for Cycle 24 has not yet occurred.
As the Cycle 24 termination date moves out, the prediction for the Cycle 25
amplitude will become smaller per their data in their paper.
So the important question is "when will the Cycle 24 termination date
occur?"
Rich N8UX,
I have Volume 1 (1998) and Volume 2 (2000).
Both are edited by N0AX, so ping him for more info.
Carl K9LA
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector
Frank,
“Must” is a strong word. What goes wrong if you cross them?
73, Carl WS7L
On Thu, Nov 5, 2020 at 9:47 PM wrote:
> Hi Bob,
>
>
> While bonding the radials is desirable, its not essential. But you
> must NOT cross the radials over each other.
>
>
> ...
t the data into Excel.
Carl K9LA
On Sat, Apr 18, 2020 at 2:30 PM Nick Hall-Patch wrote:
> Does anyone know if the "ISES solar cycle Ap progression" graph
> (example at http://n5pa.com/swpc-solarcycleapprogression.php) is no
> longer being provided? (or being provided else
Yes, lets do it, Carl, N6TVN.
On 3/17/20 4:15 PM, VE6WZ_Steve wrote:
With many hams around the world staying home and "practicing social distancing”
to “flatten the CV-19 curve”, what a great time to be on the radio!
Lets get out there and call CQ to stir up the band. (or ANY
, a North African and a KH6
in the mix). I was seldom #1 in a pile-up, but eventually I usually got
through with 800 Watts to the inv-vee.
It's better than no antenna.
Carl K9LA
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector
Forwarded Message
Subject:[QRP-L] HU1DL German DXpedition in El Salvador
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 2020 06:50:33 -0500
From: Bobby Drummond
Reply-To: QRP-L Mailing List
To: QRP-L Mailing List
According to their QRZ page, this group's DXpedition is about
Forwarded Message
Subject:Re: [QRP-L] HU1DL German DXpedition in El Salvador
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 2020 09:22:50 -0500
From: Bobby Drummond
Reply-To: QRP-L Mailing List
To: QRP-L Mailing List
A very poor one for DX, for sure.
It's my 160 meter
Forwarded Message
Subject:[QRP-L] HU1DL German DXpedition in El Salvador
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 2020 06:50:33 -0500
From: Bobby Drummond
Reply-To: QRP-L Mailing List
To: QRP-L Mailing List
According to their QRZ page, this group's DXpedition is about
heard VK4YB on 2200m (137 KHz) many times. I'm sure there are
other examples like that out there.
Carl K9LA
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector
ase of the solar
cycle decrease.
So 160m continues to be a mystery - and I'm glad of it.
Carl K9LA
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector
It was daylight here (a few mins. past sr)
73 Carl SM6CPY
Den tis 12 nov. 2019 kl 18:10 skrev Larry via Topband <
topband@contesting.com>:
> got home late, around 0630z and caught a huge EU opening at their sunrise.
> logged 16 EU in 20 minutes. yes!
> finally the skip comes to th
Does this mean a topic like "What Makes 160m Tick" would not be welcome?
Couldn't resist.
Carl K9LA
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector
For the record, that site belongs to NO8D.
Carl K9LA
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector
? Or a commercial
installation? Or something else?
Carl K9LA
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector
What Steve and Nick VE7DXR were referring to is the geomagnetic latitude in
relation to polarization - not ground conductivity.
This involves the ordinary and extraordinary waves that propagate through
the ionosphere, and how 160m is affected by being close to the electron
gyro-frequency.
Carl
In Scandinavia freq´s above 1824 are the best. No fishnet beacons there.
Carl
Den ons 14 nov. 2018 kl 10:54 skrev Paul Mclaren :
> I hadn't seen it mentioned but here in NW EU the continuous dashes from
> Fish Net beacons can be a pain at times.
>
> Regards
>
> Paul MM0ZBH
at
http://rudys.typepad.com/files/qexjul-aug-2016-bog.pdf.
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
rizontally
is not like a big antenna mounted horizontally.
And Nick is correct - KK5JY shows a two-loop system farther on down - it's
kind of approaching a horizontal Waller Flag.
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
Note that the KK5JY antenna is a single loop, not a double loop as G3UNA
referenced.
> That's a terrible RX antenna. Did you see the losses?!
> Minus-forty-something dB on 160.
That gain value is in the neighborhood of what a Waller Flag does.
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Ref
in the country here in NH.
Carl.
- Original Message -
From: "Jeff Wilson via Topband" <topband@contesting.com>
To: <topband@contesting.com>
Sent: Wednesday, March 28, 2018 3:31 PM
Subject: Re: Topband: low inv-vee
I have always used an 80m inverted-vee (66.6 ft per s
, their entry and exit points are near the equator, where
horizontal polarization should be optimum. Those stations down south using
HWFs (horizontal Waller flags) for receive seem to hear long path very
well. It would be interesting to see what happens if they used horizontal
antennas for transmi
shallow angles. But when a signal gets dumped out of the duct, that
suggests a higher down-coming angle.
K4SAV said it best: ". . . and the real world on 160 is very complicated."
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
ter than a 160-Meter inv-vee at 45 feet, as
it's twice as high in terms of wavelengths.
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
they are listening via SDR!
73 Carl SM6CPY
2018-03-13 7:00 GMT+01:00 uy0zg <uy...@mksat.net>:
>
> Victor !
>
> People without really RX must here be quiet !
>
> Nick, UY0ZG
>
> Victor Goncharsky via Topband писал 2018-03-12 21:54:
>
> The problem of pile-
> SM6CVX Hasse
>
>
> > 12 jan 2018 kl. 16:32 skrev Carl Jonsson <carl.jonss...@gmail.com>:
> >
> > If everyone is checking rbn and dx spots and not calling cq, there is no
> > activity.
> > 73 Carl SM6CPY
> > _
> > Topband Re
Agree Hasse! I have not seen many real dx-ers spotted on FT-8 though. I
think they´re just watching their computers. This morning, the only station
I heard was VE6WZ who called cq. He was heard for 2 hours peaking 599 so
there is nothing wrong with the condx!
Gott Nytt År!
Calle -SM6CPY
If everyone is checking rbn and dx spots and not calling cq, there is no
activity.
73 Carl SM6CPY
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
I remember working Robin, VK6LK, almost every evening on 3.7 SSB together
with SM6DOI, SM7CRW, SM4AAH and many others. He always came up around 9 pm
local time, his sunrise. After that I qsy´d to top band and worked VK6HD on
cw. That was back in 1985. The good old time!
SM6CPY
_
and two-120 foot elevated radials.
It has worked very well over the years. I also have a small Miniductor coil
at the bottom of the vertical wire so I can change from 80m to 75m using an
alligator clip to short out turns for 75m operation.
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Reflector Archives
other words, VE7VV's predictions say something like a
signal will be so many dB above 0.5 uV on a percentage of days.
Unfortunately, we do not know which will be the good days. Bottom line -
keep you butt in the chair at the appropriate times.
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Refle
ionosphere to gives us
clues as to what's going on.
So get on and enjoy the magic of topband when it happens.
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
that says otherwise. Of course this is the problem with many of
these unusual occurrences - we don't have enough relevant data with respect
to the ionosphere or whatever - just observations of an interesting
happening.
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
.
I hope to work some of you tomorrow morning!
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
eophysical
Research. It is only a model - I'm not aware of any measurements to confirm
that this happens. So "buyer beware". All I can say is - it makes sense.
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
ll be "how was 160m?" So stay active on 160m and let's see what
happens.
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
Art
I use two 65' verticals on 40/80/160. HALF WAVE tall (electrically) and
spacing on 40m with LC network at the base to tune...QUARTER WAVE tall on 80
with same spacing and EIGHTH WAVE tall and spacing on 160m.
Both verticals are fed in phase on 160 now but I have plans to add an LC
this report does not look
like a typical sunrise enhancement.
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
.
I don't know if this is somewhat consistent or just coincidental with the
variability of the ionosphere. Regardless, any physical explanation likely
involves D region chemistry.
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
like VE1ZZ with take-offs over salt
water may be able to take advantage of these very low angles.
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
s, as N6LF
pointed out. You must have an accurate model of your ground conditions, you
must obey the wire rules, you must have accurate dimensions for the
antenna, and if it's wire you should include the insulation, too.
That's my two cents worth.
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Reflector Archi
ving on that project and have it ready for the coming DX season.
Contact me if you'd like details on this gadget.
I love the "tri-band" antenna and maintaining it involves much less drama than
the two element 75m yagi I had at 95'.
73
Carl AG6X
-Original Message-
From
T32CO and Eugene RA0FF were both booming in this morning here in San Diego.
Nice to see the activity from these guys.
Carl AG6X
-Original Message-
From: Topband [mailto:topband-boun...@contesting.com] On Behalf Of David Raymond
Sent: Monday, March 14, 2016 10:10 AM
To: TopBand
Subject
e. See you in Houston
next weekend?
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
tropic noise
falls apart in the real-world. My BOG *at times* gives much more of an SNR
improvement than the SAL-20 (using measurements on a calibrated S-meter) in
spite of the small difference in RDF between the BOG and SAL-20.
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
the smaller one.
I'm going to try and roll my own inductor and apply a 70pF cap to gnd or
variable cap to resonate
Wish me luck
Thanks
Carl AG6X
Sent from my iPhone
On Feb 14, 2016, at 11:56 PM, "Don Kirk"
<wd8...@gmail.com<mailto:wd8...@gmail.com>> wrote:
Hi Carl,
Does
ments.
thanks
Carl de AG6X
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
egree shift for end fire.
Please share your comments.
thanks
Carl de AG6X
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
test continuously. And it seems to be the same problem in the US. Hope to
meet you after the contest!
73 Carl SM6CPY
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
Don't the new auto tune amps have the ability to retune with a single dit?
My old Henry takes a lot more than a dit when retuning from 80 to 160. Hi
Carl AG6X
Sent from my iPhone
> On Jan 17, 2016, at 4:37 AM, "Kenneth Grimm" <gr...@sbc.edu> wrote:
>
> My take on i
Thanks Doug.
Awesome read. Has me wondering about our guys on the island.
Maybe the "darkness" of the island has something to do with the S9+ signals
we're seeing here in San Diego. Hi.
Carl AG6X
Sent from my iPhone
> On Jan 16, 2016, at 1:26 PM, "Doug Turnbull" &
At 1040z here in so cal the K5P station went from NIL to 599 on Topband. Maybe
someone found the ON button for the amp?
Carl AG6X
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
K5P announced QRX at 1513...20 minutes after my local SR. Very stron when QRX
and being reported by other west coast stations.
Now at 1517 still no return with no stations calling. Maybe a Latte break.
Carl AG6X
-Original Message-
From: Topband [mailto:topband-boun...@contesting.com
iffer yagi and
start walking the streets tomorrow morning.
Wish me luck
Carl AG6X
Sent from my iPhone
> On Jan 15, 2016, at 3:23 PM, "N2TK, Tony" <tony@verizon.net> wrote:
>
> I have a new RFI problem. It starts somewhat before sunset and lasts until
> right aft
on the reflector.
This topic has so many posts it constipated my netzero account.
Carl AG6X
-Original Message-
From: Topband [mailto:topband-boun...@contesting.com] On Behalf Of JC
Sent: Thursday, January 14, 2016 5:39 PM
To: 'TopBand'
Subject: Re: Topband: Strange propagation
<>
The
.
Regards
Carl AG6X
-Original Message-
From: Topband [mailto:topband-boun...@contesting.com] On Behalf Of Herbert
Schoenbohm
Sent: Thursday, January 14, 2016 12:36 PM
To: Mike Waters; TopBand List
Subject: Re: Topband: K5P first night
First night I heard K5P fine one a nice post S/R peak on TB
ose actual station that is - but I'm sure it is someone's
home station (just like all the others in the network).
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
Hello John
I, too, have experimented with base and top loading with verticals on Topband.
No question about it, the toploading is much better. Just take a look at your
feedpoint impedance with the base coil vs any sort of top loading.
One point to note, a specific coil that will resonate
late 70's and no Beverages till the mid 80's. After that it
was fun.
Carl
- Original Message -
From: "Tim Shoppa" <tsho...@gmail.com>
To: "topBand List" <topband@contesting.com>
Sent: Monday, January 04, 2016 12:55 PM
Subject: Topband: W1BB stat
of the very TOP of the tower at the 90'
level then down or am I better off tapping the gamma arm at the 67' level as I
did when I shunt fed the tower for TX on 160?
Comments?
Carl
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
know how things develop.
Thanks again
Carl AG6X
-Original Message-
From: Richard (Rick) Karlquist [mailto:rich...@karlquist.com]
Sent: Sunday, November 29, 2015 11:02 AM
To: Carl Braun; topband@contesting.com
Subject: Re: Topband: 1/2 wl verticals and spaving
On 11/28/2015 6:23 AM, Carl
ty however there are
some real price differentials in the pack.
Carl
-Original Message-
From: Topband [mailto:topband-boun...@contesting.com] On Behalf Of Chortek,
Robert L
Sent: Monday, November 30, 2015 5:36 AM
To: Barry N1EU
Cc: topBand List
Subject: Re: Topband: Diversity-capable transceiv
delay line technique and
it worked well...however, my elements are now 65' tall and all the math surely
changes.
Any suggestions or websites available on ½ wl spacing and ½ wl radiators?
Thanks
Carl AG6X
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
Steve,
For what it's worth, VB2T will be a multi-single from Zone 2 for CQ WW SSB
this year. You can see this at http://www.ng3k.com/Misc/cqs2015.html.
Haven't seen any Zone 2 plans yet for CQ WW CW. Keep your fingers crossed.
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http
the residential 14KV ones or from homes and farm barns.
Carl
KM1H
- Original Message -
From: Ws9v w...@royell.net
To: topband@contesting.com
Sent: Tuesday, February 10, 2015 12:52 PM
Subject: Topband: HVDC
Hi All
Through the center part of Illinois they have begun work
in
the qualifying remarks (50% implies a median value - which likely comes
from our monthly median model of the ionosphere). But the prediction
program didn't look at ground around the antenna.
Carl K9LA
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
project box but it's kinda big and ugly, and more
expensive than it ought to be.
73 and thanks in advance,
Carl WS7L
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
-COLORS-AVAILABLE-/251558308312?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0hash=item3a920b29d8
http://www.ebay.com/itm/500FT-UNDERGROUND-PET-FENCE-WIRE-16AWG-SOLID-ORANGE-30-MIL-JACKET-MADE-IN-USA-/251673136635?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0hash=item3a98e34dfb
Carl
KM1H
From: donov...@starpower.net
To: topband@contesting.com
So WHAT IS the manufacturers part number of an adequate relay?
Carl
KM1H
- Original Message -
From: Tom W8JI w...@w8ji.com
To: Tim Shoppa tsho...@gmail.com; Mike Waters mikew...@gmail.com
Cc: topband topband@contesting.com
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 9:46 AM
Subject: Re: Topband
So what is the actual manufacturers catalog numberor is that just
another DXE secret?
Since not everyone has DXE products an easy to source item would be
beneficial to the ham community.
Carl
KM1H
- Original Message -
From: Tim Duffy k...@k3lr.com
To: 'Jorge Diez - CX6VM
that refuse to release
service information to independent shops.
Its time you and DXE as well as a few others are included if it doesnt
become voluntary.
Carl
KM1H
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
have passed laws against companies that refuse to release
service information to independent shops.
Its time you and DXE as well as a few others are included if it doesnt
become voluntary.
Carl
KM1H
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
Thanks to all for the comments. I will pass them along to Dale, who is not
on the reflector at this time.
(I need HH on 160 too!)
73, Carl WS7L
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
the toroids and then LMR-400 or similar if
running 1500W. RG-8X will handle 1500W on 160 but its a bit marginal
especially when the VSWR climbs or when you decide to try digital or RTTY.
Carl
KM1H
- Original Message -
From: Cqtestk4xs--- via Topband topband@contesting.com
To: topband
with its own transformer. Both work fine to 30M.
Carl
KM1H
I want to replace the 450 ohm ladder line for my two DXE 720 ft long
bi-directional beverages with two lengths of WD-1/TT field telephone wire.
The wires will be secured only at the ends, but will be suported along their
length
toss at if from ice storms to hurricanes, microbursts,
N'oreasters, etc.
Carl
KM1H
- Original Message -
From: Grant Saviers gran...@pacbell.net
To: topband topband@contesting.com
Sent: Wednesday, September 17, 2014 5:54 PM
Subject: Re: Topband: [Bulk] Re: Outdoor rope suggestions
I've
and higher than a kite most of the time.
Carl
KM1H
- Original Message -
From: Wayne Kline
To: Carl ; JI Charles ; low bad reflector
Sent: Friday, September 05, 2014 1:16 PM
Subject: RE: Topband: WTB: Guy wire stuff
Just my .02
Some call them Tomatoes some
So who will be the first to build this for that 160M 3 el yagi and maybe a 5
el for 80 at some lower height?
There has to be a few with that much money and huge ego.
http://mortenson.wistia.com/medias/tejnwpitig
Carl
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com
.
The above is Real World Testimonial.
Carl
KM1H
Be very careful with real world testimonials - giving advice to use
products for the wrong application is really dangerous. We are talking
about
serious tower projects that can turn fatal if you use the wrong equipment.
I
don't care how high the tower
some with RatShak guy wire which is maybe 1/8. Ive never
used an inline splice either.
It's common to see someone
worry enough to buy extra long grips (which doesn't do much for strength),
and then not worry about radius inside the loop (which just kills the
strength).
** Good points
Carl
of the
catenary ropes will have sufficient length to bring it right down to
vertical for service.
I might run two different lengths so as to give a flatter VSWR up to 2MHz
since I do use AM on 160 at times. Also TBD.
Carl
KM1H
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com
dont need case loads as
I bought when building the other 3 towers in 90-91 and wound up giving away
what I didnt use.
Any help appreciated.
Carl
KM1H
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
=nqoIVJWDDcmayAT5hoHQDAved=0CBQQFjAAsig2=1aPQDpfnvYFm8XWlxXxgjwusg=AFQjCNEns72sjImeKDRibuLmm62WL9bSqA
The Preform name is often used as a noun by cable apes (-;
Carl
KM1H
- Original Message -
From: donov...@starpower.net
To: Bill Wichers bi...@waveform.net
Cc: Carl k...@jeremy.mv.com
III (550# ) or type IV (750#) paracord be OK?
Its certainly not as strong plus it stretches. That spec was inactivated in
1997 and Ive been unable to find its replacement.
I only want to do this once as I aint gettin' no younger!
Carl
KM1H
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http
better used for mixing concrete! That tower helped win a 160M contest on the
second try, going from 600 to 1200W might have helped a bit (-;
Pretty soon others started using mesh as I was talking it up often on 160
SSB after the DX faded out on CW.
Carl
KM1H
- Original Message
.
Carl
KM1H
- Original Message -
From: LB3RE LJ3RE Stein-Roar Brobakken p...@lb3re.com
To: Pete Smith N4ZR n...@contesting.com
Cc: topband@contesting.com
Sent: Wednesday, August 27, 2014 8:35 AM
Subject: Re: Topband: Shunt feeding tower
How is inteference on rotor or relay boxes?I
The first info needed is are the guy wires insulated from the tower and what
is on top including mast?
Carl
KM1H
- Original Message -
From: Don w4...@truvista.net
To: topband@contesting.com
Sent: Tuesday, August 26, 2014 5:12 PM
Subject: Topband: Shunt feeding tower
I would like
electron density valley in the nighttime ionosphere right
above the nighttime E region peak that provides the ducting mechanism -
this is the boundary between the top of the E region and the lower F
region. Ducting on 160m can be seen when doing ray traces through the
nighttime ionosphere.
Carl K9LA
and at
the often poorly understood Fresnel Zone if you really want more power in
those low angles and not heating worms or sand granules.
Carl
KM1H
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
recently will show you the effects of salt water and land.
Carl
KM1H
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