Re: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems
Rossi's ‘the mouse and the cat’ is another reason to beleive that polariton condensation is at the bottom of the Rossi technology. It has recently been shown that Bose condensates will synchronize in milliseconds through the sharing of energy. ‘the mouse and the cat’ is an array of reactors where one master reactor is powered and the other reactors are unpowered drones. The cat is the driver. The cat syncs up through polariton condinsation with all the other unpowered drones to form a global condensate that covers both powered master reactor and unpowered drone reactors. https://phys.org/news/2018-05-unexpected-behaviour-atom-clouds-theories.html Unexpected behaviour of atom clouds challenges existing theories On Fri, May 11, 2018 at 2:23 AM, Russ wrote: > The first task in any new experimental protocol is to make sure that one > can see some useful data that emerges. Cold fusion heat comes at the behest > of nearly a trillion fusion reactions per watt/second. Nothing like that > level of the lovely gammas being seen, millions of times less. This is a > testimony to the precision and sensitivity of the system and methods > designed to monitor these experiments. Such sensitive insight into the > heart of the reactions offers one the means to understand and discover what > is going on and how to drive the multiplicity of reactions taking place in > that complex atom-ecology. As my good friend Tom Passell always said to me, > “let the data speak to you.” The corollary to that sage advice is don’t > drown the data with one’s own talk. > > > > So far listening to the lovely gamma data that is speaking there is no > reason to suggest it is bremsstrahlung and indeed every reason to think > otherwise. The gamma producing cold fusion pathways are clearly not the > principal cold fusion taking place in these experiments. It is however > lovely to see them just the same and they are an incredible diagnostic > tool. Don’t forget Rossi’s admonishment about ‘the mouse and the cat’ 😊 > It should be a simple matter now to leapfrog those Italian cats. > > > > > > *From:* Axil Axil > *Sent:* Friday, May 11, 2018 7:06 AM > *To:* vortex-l > *Subject:* Re: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems > > > > MFMP continues on with the discussion of the "signal" and talks about > gamma radiation that has been produced by old school LENR reactors. > > > > The "signal" may have been seen is Rossi's old style reactors as a startup > artifact. > > > > https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MtTeHU4vBmc > > > > On Fri, May 11, 2018 at 1:50 AM, Axil Axil wrote: > > A sub-second flash of Bremsstrahlung has been seen in LENR experiments, > immediately followed by the appearance of heat. Science has been looking > for this as a sign of the formation of Hole superconductivity. This kind of > superconductivity is an alternative to the standard beliefs that hold sway > in superconductive theory. Leif Holmlid has adopted this theory to explain > how ultra dense hydrogen becomes superconductive. > > > > In my view, what MFMP saw was the onset of Hole superconductivity as the > density of individual polaritons reached the condensation threshold and > formed a polariton condensate. The onset of heat production came from the > condensate. The Bremsstrahlung is produced by the expulsion of electrons > from inside the polariton condensate at high energies. > > > > There is a fair chance that the bursts of gammas coming from Russ's > experiment turn out to be Bremsstrahlung; then the LENR reaction in > Russ's reactor may be flickering. > > > > See MFMP's experimental views > > > > https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9ALuWrmXBo&t=249s > > > > > > > > On Fri, May 11, 2018 at 1:22 AM, Russ wrote: > > The notion of a ‘flash of gammas’ being what is there is just wrong. There > is a steady state production of gammas in these sorts of cold fusion > ecologies. Rossi knows this well and has shared more than enough of his > protocol to confirm that is what he also has in hand. > > > > The use of the moniker LENR was and is never more than a obvious banal > dodge to avoid the howls of outrage against the term ‘cold fusion’ and all > who dared to work in that venue. There is nothing ‘low energy’ about these > reactions, rather they are entirely new pathways atoms take in the ecology > of cold fusion where energetic emissions are not favoured. Making minor > adjustments to the atom-ecology environments enhances the emission of the > energetic emissions. > > > > Ain’t real science done at the lab bench wonderful! As Thomas Edison said > from his lab bench, ‘Hell there are no rules here,
RE: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems
The first task in any new experimental protocol is to make sure that one can see some useful data that emerges. Cold fusion heat comes at the behest of nearly a trillion fusion reactions per watt/second. Nothing like that level of the lovely gammas being seen, millions of times less. This is a testimony to the precision and sensitivity of the system and methods designed to monitor these experiments. Such sensitive insight into the heart of the reactions offers one the means to understand and discover what is going on and how to drive the multiplicity of reactions taking place in that complex atom-ecology. As my good friend Tom Passell always said to me, “let the data speak to you.” The corollary to that sage advice is don’t drown the data with one’s own talk. So far listening to the lovely gamma data that is speaking there is no reason to suggest it is bremsstrahlung and indeed every reason to think otherwise. The gamma producing cold fusion pathways are clearly not the principal cold fusion taking place in these experiments. It is however lovely to see them just the same and they are an incredible diagnostic tool. Don’t forget Rossi’s admonishment about ‘the mouse and the cat’ 😊 It should be a simple matter now to leapfrog those Italian cats. From: Axil Axil Sent: Friday, May 11, 2018 7:06 AM To: vortex-l Subject: Re: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems MFMP continues on with the discussion of the "signal" and talks about gamma radiation that has been produced by old school LENR reactors. The "signal" may have been seen is Rossi's old style reactors as a startup artifact. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MtTeHU4vBmc On Fri, May 11, 2018 at 1:50 AM, Axil Axil mailto:janap...@gmail.com> > wrote: A sub-second flash of Bremsstrahlung has been seen in LENR experiments, immediately followed by the appearance of heat. Science has been looking for this as a sign of the formation of Hole superconductivity. This kind of superconductivity is an alternative to the standard beliefs that hold sway in superconductive theory. Leif Holmlid has adopted this theory to explain how ultra dense hydrogen becomes superconductive. In my view, what MFMP saw was the onset of Hole superconductivity as the density of individual polaritons reached the condensation threshold and formed a polariton condensate. The onset of heat production came from the condensate. The Bremsstrahlung is produced by the expulsion of electrons from inside the polariton condensate at high energies. There is a fair chance that the bursts of gammas coming from Russ's experiment turn out to be Bremsstrahlung; then the LENR reaction in Russ's reactor may be flickering. See MFMP's experimental views https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9ALuWrmXBo <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9ALuWrmXBo&t=249s> &t=249s On Fri, May 11, 2018 at 1:22 AM, Russ mailto:russ.geo...@gmail.com> > wrote: The notion of a ‘flash of gammas’ being what is there is just wrong. There is a steady state production of gammas in these sorts of cold fusion ecologies. Rossi knows this well and has shared more than enough of his protocol to confirm that is what he also has in hand. The use of the moniker LENR was and is never more than a obvious banal dodge to avoid the howls of outrage against the term ‘cold fusion’ and all who dared to work in that venue. There is nothing ‘low energy’ about these reactions, rather they are entirely new pathways atoms take in the ecology of cold fusion where energetic emissions are not favoured. Making minor adjustments to the atom-ecology environments enhances the emission of the energetic emissions. Ain’t real science done at the lab bench wonderful! As Thomas Edison said from his lab bench, ‘Hell there are no rules here, we are trying to accomplish something.” From: bobcook39...@hotmail.com <mailto:bobcook39...@hotmail.com> mailto:bobcook39...@hotmail.com> > Sent: Thursday, May 10, 2018 5:00 PM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com <mailto:vortex-l@eskimo.com> Subject: RE: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems Fran— Good questions! A good spectrum analyzer would answer questions about the flash of EM radiation of the Rossi tests. I assume he knows the answer and that gammas are not produced that would otherwise harm the observers. However, I doubt the flash is the result of a large energetic (Mev-scale) nuclear transition with gammas that are somehow perfectly shielded as suggested by Axil. The idea of an LENR with emphasis on “LOW ENERGY” is an important feature of the source of energy in the Rossi reaction. The flash that has been observed by many folks IMHO is an initial ionization of Li atoms and formation of a significant electrical current across the dusty plasma of the Rossi reactor. A charge may a
Re: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems
MFMP continues on with the discussion of the "signal" and talks about gamma radiation that has been produced by old school LENR reactors. The "signal" may have been seen is Rossi's old style reactors as a startup artifact. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MtTeHU4vBmc On Fri, May 11, 2018 at 1:50 AM, Axil Axil wrote: > A sub-second flash of Bremsstrahlung has been seen in LENR experiments, > immediately followed by the appearance of heat. Science has been looking > for this as a sign of the formation of Hole superconductivity. This kind of > superconductivity is an alternative to the standard beliefs that hold sway > in superconductive theory. Leif Holmlid has adopted this theory to explain > how ultra dense hydrogen becomes superconductive. > > In my view, what MFMP saw was the onset of Hole superconductivity as the > density of individual polaritons reached the condensation threshold and > formed a polariton condensate. The onset of heat production came from the > condensate. The Bremsstrahlung is produced by the expulsion of electrons > from inside the polariton condensate at high energies. > > There is a fair chance that the bursts of gammas coming from Russ's > experiment turn out to be Bremsstrahlung; then the LENR reaction in > Russ's reactor may be flickering. > > See MFMP's experimental views > > https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9ALuWrmXBo&t=249s > > > > On Fri, May 11, 2018 at 1:22 AM, Russ wrote: > >> The notion of a ‘flash of gammas’ being what is there is just wrong. >> There is a steady state production of gammas in these sorts of cold fusion >> ecologies. Rossi knows this well and has shared more than enough of his >> protocol to confirm that is what he also has in hand. >> >> >> >> The use of the moniker LENR was and is never more than a obvious banal >> dodge to avoid the howls of outrage against the term ‘cold fusion’ and all >> who dared to work in that venue. There is nothing ‘low energy’ about these >> reactions, rather they are entirely new pathways atoms take in the ecology >> of cold fusion where energetic emissions are not favoured. Making minor >> adjustments to the atom-ecology environments enhances the emission of the >> energetic emissions. >> >> >> >> Ain’t real science done at the lab bench wonderful! As Thomas Edison said >> from his lab bench, ‘Hell there are no rules here, we are trying to >> accomplish something.” >> >> >> >> *From:* bobcook39...@hotmail.com >> *Sent:* Thursday, May 10, 2018 5:00 PM >> *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com >> *Subject:* RE: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems >> >> >> >> Fran— >> >> >> >> Good questions! >> >> >> >> A good spectrum analyzer would answer questions about the flash of EM >> radiation of the Rossi tests. I assume he knows the answer and that gammas >> are not produced that would otherwise harm the observers. >> >> >> >> However, I doubt the flash is the result of a large energetic (Mev-scale) >> nuclear transition with gammas that are somehow perfectly shielded as >> suggested by Axil. >> >> >> >> The idea of an LENR with emphasis on “LOW ENERGY” is an important >> feature of the source of energy in the Rossi reaction. >> >> >> >> The flash that has been observed by many folks IMHO is an initial >> ionization of Li atoms and formation of a significant electrical current >> across the dusty plasma of the Rossi reactor. A charge may accumulate >> rapidly on the population of nano-Ni particles as individual LENR happens >> to the various particles. The flash may be the signal used by the control >> system to change resonant conditions to reduce the LENR transition >> probability in the population of nano-Ni particles to avoid high >> temperatures and nano-particle sintering. >> >> >> >> Bob Cook >> >> >> -- >> >> *From:* Roarty, Francis X >> *Sent:* Thursday, May 10, 2018 4:56:28 AM >> *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com >> *Subject:* RE: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems >> >> >> >> Axil, your distinction does answer my question whether the polariton >> condensate alone is a source of LENR, you are saying polariton condensates >> and nano geometry of metal surfaces can produce LENR and dangerous gamma >> radiation alone without any fuel. I know you mentioned the super >> absorbtion/radiance features of a polariton condensate as a >> thermalizer/downshifter but was
Re: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems
A sub-second flash of Bremsstrahlung has been seen in LENR experiments, immediately followed by the appearance of heat. Science has been looking for this as a sign of the formation of Hole superconductivity. This kind of superconductivity is an alternative to the standard beliefs that hold sway in superconductive theory. Leif Holmlid has adopted this theory to explain how ultra dense hydrogen becomes superconductive. In my view, what MFMP saw was the onset of Hole superconductivity as the density of individual polaritons reached the condensation threshold and formed a polariton condensate. The onset of heat production came from the condensate. The Bremsstrahlung is produced by the expulsion of electrons from inside the polariton condensate at high energies. There is a fair chance that the bursts of gammas coming from Russ's experiment turn out to be Bremsstrahlung; then the LENR reaction in Russ's reactor may be flickering. See MFMP's experimental views https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9ALuWrmXBo&t=249s On Fri, May 11, 2018 at 1:22 AM, Russ wrote: > The notion of a ‘flash of gammas’ being what is there is just wrong. There > is a steady state production of gammas in these sorts of cold fusion > ecologies. Rossi knows this well and has shared more than enough of his > protocol to confirm that is what he also has in hand. > > > > The use of the moniker LENR was and is never more than a obvious banal > dodge to avoid the howls of outrage against the term ‘cold fusion’ and all > who dared to work in that venue. There is nothing ‘low energy’ about these > reactions, rather they are entirely new pathways atoms take in the ecology > of cold fusion where energetic emissions are not favoured. Making minor > adjustments to the atom-ecology environments enhances the emission of the > energetic emissions. > > > > Ain’t real science done at the lab bench wonderful! As Thomas Edison said > from his lab bench, ‘Hell there are no rules here, we are trying to > accomplish something.” > > > > *From:* bobcook39...@hotmail.com > *Sent:* Thursday, May 10, 2018 5:00 PM > *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com > *Subject:* RE: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems > > > > Fran— > > > > Good questions! > > > > A good spectrum analyzer would answer questions about the flash of EM > radiation of the Rossi tests. I assume he knows the answer and that gammas > are not produced that would otherwise harm the observers. > > > > However, I doubt the flash is the result of a large energetic (Mev-scale) > nuclear transition with gammas that are somehow perfectly shielded as > suggested by Axil. > > > > The idea of an LENR with emphasis on “LOW ENERGY” is an important feature > of the source of energy in the Rossi reaction. > > > > The flash that has been observed by many folks IMHO is an initial > ionization of Li atoms and formation of a significant electrical current > across the dusty plasma of the Rossi reactor. A charge may accumulate > rapidly on the population of nano-Ni particles as individual LENR happens > to the various particles. The flash may be the signal used by the control > system to change resonant conditions to reduce the LENR transition > probability in the population of nano-Ni particles to avoid high > temperatures and nano-particle sintering. > > > > Bob Cook > > > -- > > *From:* Roarty, Francis X > *Sent:* Thursday, May 10, 2018 4:56:28 AM > *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com > *Subject:* RE: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems > > > > Axil, your distinction does answer my question whether the polariton > condensate alone is a source of LENR, you are saying polariton condensates > and nano geometry of metal surfaces can produce LENR and dangerous gamma > radiation alone without any fuel. I know you mentioned the super > absorbtion/radiance features of a polariton condensate as a > thermalizer/downshifter but wasn’t sure if the “pumping source” was over > unity or you were just using external energy to create a polariton > condensate shield / radiator to activate fuel contained in the cavity. Was > the claim of a Gamma spike in early Rossi demo possibly an example of > pumped polariton condensate where pockets of the nickel powder metal > surfaces were starved for fuel or it simply hadn’t yet loaded into the > lattice? > > > > > > *From:* Axil Axil [mailto:janap...@gmail.com ] > *Sent:* Wednesday, May 09, 2018 4:05 PM > *To:* vortex-l > *Subject:* EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems > > > > I would like to draw a fundamental distinction between two classes of LENR > systems: Fueled and unfueled systems. In the 2011 time-fra
RE: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems
The notion of a 'flash of gammas' being what is there is just wrong. There is a steady state production of gammas in these sorts of cold fusion ecologies. Rossi knows this well and has shared more than enough of his protocol to confirm that is what he also has in hand. The use of the moniker LENR was and is never more than a obvious banal dodge to avoid the howls of outrage against the term 'cold fusion' and all who dared to work in that venue. There is nothing 'low energy' about these reactions, rather they are entirely new pathways atoms take in the ecology of cold fusion where energetic emissions are not favoured. Making minor adjustments to the atom-ecology environments enhances the emission of the energetic emissions. Ain't real science done at the lab bench wonderful! As Thomas Edison said from his lab bench, 'Hell there are no rules here, we are trying to accomplish something." From: bobcook39...@hotmail.com Sent: Thursday, May 10, 2018 5:00 PM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Subject: RE: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems Fran- Good questions! A good spectrum analyzer would answer questions about the flash of EM radiation of the Rossi tests. I assume he knows the answer and that gammas are not produced that would otherwise harm the observers. However, I doubt the flash is the result of a large energetic (Mev-scale) nuclear transition with gammas that are somehow perfectly shielded as suggested by Axil. The idea of an LENR with emphasis on "LOW ENERGY" is an important feature of the source of energy in the Rossi reaction. The flash that has been observed by many folks IMHO is an initial ionization of Li atoms and formation of a significant electrical current across the dusty plasma of the Rossi reactor. A charge may accumulate rapidly on the population of nano-Ni particles as individual LENR happens to the various particles. The flash may be the signal used by the control system to change resonant conditions to reduce the LENR transition probability in the population of nano-Ni particles to avoid high temperatures and nano-particle sintering. Bob Cook _ From: Roarty, Francis X mailto:francis.x.roa...@lmco.com> > Sent: Thursday, May 10, 2018 4:56:28 AM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Subject: RE: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems Axil, your distinction does answer my question whether the polariton condensate alone is a source of LENR, you are saying polariton condensates and nano geometry of metal surfaces can produce LENR and dangerous gamma radiation alone without any fuel. I know you mentioned the super absorbtion/radiance features of a polariton condensate as a thermalizer/downshifter but wasn't sure if the "pumping source" was over unity or you were just using external energy to create a polariton condensate shield / radiator to activate fuel contained in the cavity. Was the claim of a Gamma spike in early Rossi demo possibly an example of pumped polariton condensate where pockets of the nickel powder metal surfaces were starved for fuel or it simply hadn't yet loaded into the lattice? From: Axil Axil [mailto:janap...@gmail.com] Sent: Wednesday, May 09, 2018 4:05 PM To: vortex-l mailto:vortex-l@eskimo.com> > Subject: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems I would like to draw a fundamental distinction between two classes of LENR systems: Fueled and unfueled systems. In the 2011 time-frame when Rossi saw gamma, he was running an unfueled system,so was Piantelli and Celani. Russ George is now experimenting with an unfueled system. The development of LENR fuel came latter as an innovation by Rossi. I speculate that Rossi found that when he reused ash from his reactors, they were very LENR active. Rossi perfected LENR fuel and started to use it in his tube reactors. The fuel was self contained and could be loaded in air. With this fuel, the hydrogen nickel reaction did not seem to matter anymore. Lugano is an example, Also gamma commissions went away when using LENR Fuel. I beleive that the active agent in LENR fuel is ultra dense hydrogen. Rossi, me356, the ECCO reactor and the LION reactor all use LENR fuel. Gamma will not come from these systems since ultra dense hydrogen is a superconductor. UDH has a near perfect Q factor and forms a condensate immediately and instantly. I have advised any LENR reactor builders who will lessen to produce LENR fuel directly by acquiring a Holmlid UDH generator. Just load that UDH into a tube reactor and you are good to go.
RE: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems
Fran— Good questions! A good spectrum analyzer would answer questions about the flash of EM radiation of the Rossi tests. I assume he knows the answer and that gammas are not produced that would otherwise harm the observers. However, I doubt the flash is the result of a large energetic (Mev-scale) nuclear transition with gammas that are somehow perfectly shielded as suggested by Axil. The idea of an LENR with emphasis on “LOW ENERGY” is an important feature of the source of energy in the Rossi reaction. The flash that has been observed by many folks IMHO is an initial ionization of Li atoms and formation of a significant electrical current across the dusty plasma of the Rossi reactor. A charge may accumulate rapidly on the population of nano-Ni particles as individual LENR happens to the various particles. The flash may be the signal used by the control system to change resonant conditions to reduce the LENR transition probability in the population of nano-Ni particles to avoid high temperatures and nano-particle sintering. Bob Cook From: Roarty, Francis X Sent: Thursday, May 10, 2018 4:56:28 AM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Subject: RE: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems Axil, your distinction does answer my question whether the polariton condensate alone is a source of LENR, you are saying polariton condensates and nano geometry of metal surfaces can produce LENR and dangerous gamma radiation alone without any fuel. I know you mentioned the super absorbtion/radiance features of a polariton condensate as a thermalizer/downshifter but wasn’t sure if the “pumping source” was over unity or you were just using external energy to create a polariton condensate shield / radiator to activate fuel contained in the cavity. Was the claim of a Gamma spike in early Rossi demo possibly an example of pumped polariton condensate where pockets of the nickel powder metal surfaces were starved for fuel or it simply hadn’t yet loaded into the lattice? From: Axil Axil [mailto:janap...@gmail.com] Sent: Wednesday, May 09, 2018 4:05 PM To: vortex-l Subject: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems I would like to draw a fundamental distinction between two classes of LENR systems: Fueled and unfueled systems. In the 2011 time-frame when Rossi saw gamma, he was running an unfueled system,so was Piantelli and Celani. Russ George is now experimenting with an unfueled system. The development of LENR fuel came latter as an innovation by Rossi. I speculate that Rossi found that when he reused ash from his reactors, they were very LENR active. Rossi perfected LENR fuel and started to use it in his tube reactors. The fuel was self contained and could be loaded in air. With this fuel, the hydrogen nickel reaction did not seem to matter anymore. Lugano is an example, Also gamma commissions went away when using LENR Fuel. I beleive that the active agent in LENR fuel is ultra dense hydrogen. Rossi, me356, the ECCO reactor and the LION reactor all use LENR fuel. Gamma will not come from these systems since ultra dense hydrogen is a superconductor. UDH has a near perfect Q factor and forms a condensate immediately and instantly. I have advised any LENR reactor builders who will lessen to produce LENR fuel directly by acquiring a Holmlid UDH generator. Just load that UDH into a tube reactor and you are good to go.
RE: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems
Axil, your distinction does answer my question whether the polariton condensate alone is a source of LENR, you are saying polariton condensates and nano geometry of metal surfaces can produce LENR and dangerous gamma radiation alone without any fuel. I know you mentioned the super absorbtion/radiance features of a polariton condensate as a thermalizer/downshifter but wasn’t sure if the “pumping source” was over unity or you were just using external energy to create a polariton condensate shield / radiator to activate fuel contained in the cavity. Was the claim of a Gamma spike in early Rossi demo possibly an example of pumped polariton condensate where pockets of the nickel powder metal surfaces were starved for fuel or it simply hadn’t yet loaded into the lattice? From: Axil Axil [mailto:janap...@gmail.com] Sent: Wednesday, May 09, 2018 4:05 PM To: vortex-l Subject: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:fueled vs. unfueled LENR systems I would like to draw a fundamental distinction between two classes of LENR systems: Fueled and unfueled systems. In the 2011 time-frame when Rossi saw gamma, he was running an unfueled system,so was Piantelli and Celani. Russ George is now experimenting with an unfueled system. The development of LENR fuel came latter as an innovation by Rossi. I speculate that Rossi found that when he reused ash from his reactors, they were very LENR active. Rossi perfected LENR fuel and started to use it in his tube reactors. The fuel was self contained and could be loaded in air. With this fuel, the hydrogen nickel reaction did not seem to matter anymore. Lugano is an example, Also gamma commissions went away when using LENR Fuel. I beleive that the active agent in LENR fuel is ultra dense hydrogen. Rossi, me356, the ECCO reactor and the LION reactor all use LENR fuel. Gamma will not come from these systems since ultra dense hydrogen is a superconductor. UDH has a near perfect Q factor and forms a condensate immediately and instantly. I have advised any LENR reactor builders who will lessen to produce LENR fuel directly by acquiring a Holmlid UDH generator. Just load that UDH into a tube reactor and you are good to go.
