url: http://escribe.com/health/thesilverlist/m61626.html Re: CS>Wal-mart DW From: Robert Berger Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2003 09:45:41
> dubious data??? Robert, As you know, the Faraday equation is taught in high schools around the world. The only things we need are current and time. I also measure the cell voltage to find the saturation point of the process. I use recognized lab standard equipment to make these simple measurements. The HP3456A dvm is a lab standard instrument with 0.001% basic accuracy, 100 nanovolt sensitivity, and 0.0023% + 2 counts after 1 year. Here is a brief description of this instrument: http://www.testequipmentdepot.com/usedequipment/hewlettpackard/digitalmultimeters/3456a.htm The accuracy specs over time are here: http://www.testequipmentdepot.com/usedequipment/hewlettpackard/digitalmultimeters/3456aspecs.htm The Keithley Model 177 is a 4 1/2 digit Microvoltmeter. I use it to measure current. The basic accuracy is 0.09%, and I check it against the HP3456A. I can send you the service and operator's manuals if you wish. Time is measured with the system clock calibrated to NIST via the internet. The National Institute of Standards offers a program to do the calibration which I use. The equipment and procedures are more than sufficient for the task, and far more accurate than any other method commonly used in chemistry. NIST recognises the Faraday constant in the International System of Units, and mentions that silver electrolysis was accurate enough to help detect an error in Millikan's value of the charge on the electron: "The Faraday (F) was determined by measuring the mass of material (e.g., silver) electrolytically deposited onto an electrode when a known current flowing for a known time was allowed to pass through a solution containing the material. The indirect value of the elementary charge (e) deduced in this way was (4.8021 ± 0.0009) x 10-10 esu, significantly different from the Millikan value. The major source of this disturbing discrepancy was traced in the latter part of the 1930s to the use by Millikan of an incorrect value for the viscosity of air. Millikan had taken a value that was almost entirely based on a measurement by one of his students; but it was later shown that the student had made a rather subtle experimental error. When Millikan's data were reevaluated with a correctly determined value for the viscosity of air, the value of e obtained agreed with the indirect value calculated from the Faraday and the Avogadro constant." http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/historical1.html The value for the Faraday constant is known to 7 significant digits, 9.648531E+04, so the process is more than accurate enough for our needs: http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/appenB9.html I thank you for the offer to visit your site, but I'm more interested in making cs and finding processes that work. This work is giving good results, and is providing valuable theoretical and practical information on ways to improve the process. You have already shown that parallel plates reach a fundamental limit very quickly. While we don't understand everything, it follows the broad outlines I have posted. Ion clouds that contain Ag+ and OH- ions produce silver hydroxide. This decomposes to silver oxide, which is the precursor to visible black deposits or cs that turns yellow. A secondary process skips the hydroxide stage and goes directly to silver oxide. Both of these processes can be measured by means of the Faraday equation and the salt test incorporating the H2O2 comparison. In other electrode configurations, your own measurements show your process fails early, yet you claim 40 ppm when your data shows that it could not exceed 12 ppm. The analysis is in the archives. If you have truly found a way to get 3.33 ions per electron, I'm sure the Patent Office and Nobel Prize Committee would be very interested to hear from you. In the meantime, I'm sure you will do your best to provide timely and accurate information whenever possible. With dangerous viruses emerging, you could do nothing less to help. Best Regards, Mike Monett -- The silver-list is a moderated forum for discussion of colloidal silver. Instructions for unsubscribing may be found at: http://silverlist.org To post, address your message to: [email protected] Silver-list archive: http://escribe.com/health/thesilverlist/index.html List maintainer: Mike Devour <[email protected]>
