Dear Friends

>> RWL: I am sure this IBI guideline refers to everything in the 
>> "representative" char sample that one has been unable to remove by 
>> raising a 1 gram sample to 950C for a specified time period. But the 
>> detail is even more specific than that - including particle size 
>> distribution for the test.

>Tom Miles has also raised the concern that this may limit what biochar can
be made from and then used.

>From anything I can find it matters a lot that there is something other than
pure carbon and ash in the char. Perhaps the studies of applications will
point out what the preferred composition is. Clearly there will be at least
some volatiles in it.

This may be helpful.

https://s3.amazonaws.com/soilquality-production/fact_sheets/4/original/Biol_
-_Labile_Carbon.pdf

>Having attended two biochar meetings I have seen the references to these
graphene like structure in secondary pyrolysis reactions as temperatures
increased ( and means of detecting their presence by nuclear resonance and
diffraction). What isn't clear to me yet is how these micro scale particles
electrical properties will contribute to the biochar.

Very interesting. Perhaps there is a happy mix of chars that brings even
greater benefit.

Regards
Crispin



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