Bruce, The wax is "Myverol 18-06 K" from http://www.integratedsolarcooking.com/makewapis This website also had the other parts list, instructions for construction and contact info near bottom of webpage. Kind regards, Jeff
On Fri, Feb 15, 2013 at 2:00 PM, Bruce Stahlberg < [email protected]> wrote: > Thanks Tom for the information. Do you know the wax that is used in a > WAPI? Is it easily, readily available in other countries? Any other wax > that also melts at or just above the same temperature? > > I believe SCI, like many organizations, uses the costs to the general > public of the USA to help subsidize their programs internationally. Fairly > common practice and seems appropriate. At $7 - 9 per WAPI, the average > citizen that wants one is not as likely to make one. The additional cost is > for convenience and to help with programs to provide clean water, clean > cooking. > > Can you check with Bob to see what materials he uses? Might be useful for > others on this list to be able to make them locally too. > > Bruce > > On Thu, Feb 14, 2013 at 6:45 PM, Tom Carter > <[email protected]>wrote: > >> All- >> No, No, No! Storing water in a dark container does NOT kill pathogenic >> bacteria or other organisms! Nor does refrigeration or even freezing. E >> Coli and other bacteria can survive for weeks in a cold dark environment. >> Heating, filtration, UV disinfection and chemical treatment (chlorine or >> other) are the only recommended methods I'm aware of for drinking water >> decontamination. >> Bacteria tend to cling to particles in the water so allowing it to settle >> or adding a flocculating agent can sometimes help a little. Particulate >> material in the water also blocks UV penetration and thus makes solar (UV) >> disinfection less effective. >> Part of the problem with bore wells and similar systems is that they >> become readily contaminated by misuse and need to be monitored. I'm aware >> of a diarrheal outbreak in Kenya caused by a contaminated well, and so we >> recommend frequent testing of community water sources. We supply the >> testing materials to trained health workers and others at no cost so that >> they can safely and accurately monitor local water supplies. For the >> average family it's better to just assume contamination and develop the >> habits of drinking water purification. >> The WAPI's (Water Pasteurization Indicator's) that Jeff Holiman and >> others mentioned cost $7.00 each on the Solar Cookers International >> website, but really only cost about $.05 to manufacture. Where the rest of >> the money goes, I know not. Bob Tait of Clackamas, Oregon makes and >> distributes thousands of them for free to various missionary groups and >> other non-profits. My only point with Bob is that I believe they should >> used as part of a general program that supports various health and >> sanitation practices including safe latrines, hand washing and clean water >> storage. These practices can be adapted to local cultural practices and >> should include follow up and support. >> Our free training programs include teaching accurate testing and >> interpretation of water samples using the 3M petrifilm methods and a second >> fluorescent confirmatory assay called Colilert. We also train participants >> in the use of the WAPI's, and other disinfection methods and in the >> construction of simple solar and biomass stoves that that families can use >> to heat their water and to cook. The workshops usually take a day and a >> half but for efficiency sometimes can be squeezed into a day. If there is >> enough interest I could organize one here in Portland or in some other site. >> Tom Carter >> >> >> >> ------------------------------ >> *From:* Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <[email protected]> >> *To:* 'Tom Carter' <[email protected]>; 'Discussion of >> biomass cooking stoves' <[email protected]> >> *Sent:* Thursday, February 14, 2013 11:59 AM >> *Subject:* RE: [Stoves] A simple water sterilization technique >> >> Dear Friends >> >> Keeping water in the total dark for 3 days kills quite a lot of things >> including Bilharzia. When I worked in Rural Water Supply in Swaziland we >> provided covered tanks with more than 3 days storage on most systems for >> this reason (in the lowveld). We also used dosing boreholes with >> chlorination occasionally (always when new) and precautionary chlorination >> using bypass jets on pumped systems to get a 2 ppm level at the last >> standpipe. No one boiled water to purify it in those days. >> >> In contrast, nearly everyone in peri-urban and rural Indonesia boils >> their drinking water. Completely different situation, for which stoves are >> required. >> >> Regards >> Crispin >> >> >> Jeff- >> Thanks for the post. Yes, it's true that pasteurization at 65C kills all >> pathogenic bacteria and viruses, as well as worms and cysts. I don't >> recommend "feeling it with your hand" however as even a 10 degree lower >> temperature will have a much lower effectiveness. As you note, a wax >> indicator developed by Dr. Robert Metcalf accurately and safely >> demonstrates when the water is pathogen free. We distribute them at no >> cost to families and instruct them on their use. Filtration through a >> clean cloth probably helps a little, as does letting the water settle, but >> is not necessary for pasteurization. Some methods that use solar UV >> disinfection do require clean water and clear PET water bottles for >> effectiveness. They also take longer, lack an end point and have >> inconsistent results and for that reason we don't recommend them. >> The last step is keeping safe water safe, by storing it in clean >> containers with small openings so that people cannot recontaminate it by >> dipping in with dirty containers or hands. >> I'm going to give a water testing and water pasteurization workshop here >> in Portland in the next months if anyone is interested in being trained. >> Tom Carter >> Agua Pura Para El >> Pueblo<http://us-mg4.mail.yahoo.com/neo/aguapuraparaelpueblo.org> >> >> >> >> _______________________________________________ >> Stoves mailing list >> >> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address >> [email protected] >> >> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page >> >> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org >> >> for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site: >> http://www.bioenergylists.org/ >> >> >> > > > -- > Bruce Stahlberg > Affordable Energy Solutions, Inc. > 3535 East Lake Street > Minneapolis, MN 55406 > 612.724.8977 > www.affordableenergysolutions.com > > >
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