This thread piqued my interest and I've been trying to model the real world
behaviour of my own EV (a Kia Soul EV 2020) - so I share this for your
amusement!
I extracted a map of England from OSM and cut out an area for which I had trip
information.
- specifically some relatively local journeys I have made frequently and a few
longer distance journeys which were single data points.
As noted in the thread the values appropriate to a bus considerably overstate
the radial drag coefficient for a car - this and the vehicle mass had most
impact on my modelling.
Whilst I modelled the exact routes I couldn't model traffic because of the
scale and complexity of the longer routes. (I did scale up the simulation to
increase congestion in the urban parts of the route and get overtaking
behaviour into the motorway route sections but ....) With those caveats I
believe SUMO provides very good correlation with my observed efficiency cf:
[image.png]
These routes are on UK roads which have general limits of 30/40mph in urban
areas and 70mph on motorways - the specific values having been set by the OSM
import.
The variation observed in the real world short routes appears to be temperature
related (eg morning vs afternoon). The single data point routes were made in
early August.
I played with artificial routes of comparable distances but could not get
realistic or even proportionate efficiency outputs - those models always
produced much higher efficiency values (double) than can be achieved, a
realistic model encompassing junctions, roundabouts etc seems necessary.
I settled on the following vType as being most representative of my driving
style - the relative efficiencies gave a comparable ratio to energy
consumed/recuperated as reported by my vehicle.
<vType id="soulEV65" minGap="2.50" maxSpeed="29.06" color="white" accel="1.0"
decel="1.0" sigma="0.0" emissionClass="Energy/unknown">
<param key="airDragCoefficient" value="0.35"/> <!--
https://www.evspecifications.com/en/model/e94fa0 -->
<param key="constantPowerIntake" value="100"/> <!-- observed summer levels -->
<param key="frontSurfaceArea" value="2.6"/> <!-- computed (ht-clearance) *
width -->
<param key="has.battery.device" value="true"/>
<param key="internalMomentOfInertia" value="0.01"/> <!-- guesstimate -->
<param key="maximumBatteryCapacity" value="64000"/>
<param key="maximumPower" value="150000"/> <!-- website as above -->
<param key="propulsionEfficiency" value=".98"/> <!-- guesstimate value
providing closest match to observed -->
<param key="radialDragCoefficient" value="0.1"/> <!-- as above -->
<param key="recuperationEfficiency" value=".96"/> <!-- as above -->
<param key="rollDragCoefficient" value="0.01"/> <!-- as above -->
<param key="stoppingTreshold" value="0.1"/> <!-- as above -->
<param key="vehicleMass" value="1830"/> <!-- 1682kg curb wt + my average 2
passengers / bags -->
</vType>
Whilst these figures model a Soul they should be easily tweaked for any of the
Hyundai/Kia EV range that basically use the same electric powertrain.
cheers
Div
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