Jan, You are right about the time before EC, I have personal experiences from this. When we needed the help it was very difficult to get it and we could not pursue it. Once when we were a proven success, they asked us and was upset when we said that we did not need any help from them. I must say that we had the same experiences from the Dutch banks also, Sweden was not the only ones who "supported" entrepreneurs. UK was the only country that had a good support program for software innovation and development at that time, around 30 years ago.
Once when we were a proven success, they all cued up in offering us "necessary help". In the end we were very happy that none of them were involved, including the venture capitalists. Hakan At 14:02 09/06/2006, you wrote: >Before Sweden´s entry into the EC, the system was built upon shared risks. >It could be very difficult to have grants from the official funds. The >first condition was almost always that your bank should be involved. Then >maybe, you could have some grants - anways smaller than 50% of the project >budget- from at least two of the official funds. This system was working out >of incompetence and cowardness. The projects were always analyzed by the >funds, but the general assumption was that the bank should contribute. And >the banks are never interested in evaluating projects, they are interested >in securities for their loans. So, this basically meant, that if your >security was not good enough, nobody else would contribute either. There >were exceptions though. The boards of the funds realized that they had the >power to guide the development according to their own desires by giving >grants to projects that would serve the temporary (political or >administrative) wishes .How much lasting and pay-backing things that were >created from this system, I think nobody knows. >Jan >----- Original Message ----- >From: "lres1" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> >To: <biofuel@sustainablelists.org> >Sent: Friday, June 09, 2006 12:45 PM >Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Back to the future > > >Jan, >Thank you for the earlier reply. > >I don't suppose you would know if the following is correct or not. > >Australia had the maximum grant to any inventor set at AUD10,000. This was >the maximum grant to enable development of an inventors idea. > > >From memory the Swedes had a department that would analyse an idea and if >seen to be possible then that department could be asked to assist the >inventor to a much greater degree than the AUD10,000. This could be why the >cassette was held by such interest and other every day consumable as well as >technologically based items. Not much in the way of books, and only slow >online here. Can you remember the late 60's and 70's when this system was >meant to have been operating in Sweden? > >Doug. > > > Håkan, it is obvious that no patent or manufacturing lisence will last for > > one houndrad years, espcecially considering the development of the diesel > > engine. But Scania is the inheritar of the original diesel engine. >However, > > it is not flattering for us Swedes to be so historically involved and > > possibly even having promoted the petroleum substitute for the diesel > > engine. Particulary not, since there is a common imagnination that the > > discovery of petroleum made it possible for the combustion engine to >arise, > > because of the unique properties of petroleum. > > Jan > > ----- Original Message ----- > > From: "Hakan Falk" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > > To: <biofuel@sustainablelists.org> > > Sent: Friday, June 09, 2006 9:37 AM > > Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Back to the future > > > > > > > > Jan, > > > > Manufacturing rights as a whole to the diesel engine cannot be > > owned by Scania, only certain modifications that are done the > > last 25 years. It is no legal way, that I know of, to protect the > > original diesel engine for 100 years. The only legal way to protect > > manufacturing rights, is through patents and even they are not > > protected in certain countries. Patents are only valid for 25 years > > and the normal way is to patent modifications/enhancements to > > the original patent to prolong the patent protection of the most > > competitive product. > > > > Diesel might have had the idea as student, but he had financing > > for his development from the German coal industry. The contract > > was to develop his engine to run on coal dust. That is why there > > are always mentioning of coal dust, in conjunction with diesel. > > > > Kerrosene was at the time and today, used for lamps and heating. > > It is also a quality of kerrosene used for dry cleaning. > > > > The quality of crude that are economical for gasoline, will end > > before the crude suitable for fuel for diesel engine. If normal demand > > principles are governing the situation, the price gap between > > diesel and gasoline should widen in the future. It depends also > > on the space heating demands, where heating oil (diesel) is > > used for small buildings. Large buildings and Area centrals, use > > heavy oil and it will last longer than diesel. > > > > When we are talking of oil depletion, it is a very rough estimation. > > Certain oil products like gasoline are depleting faster than the > > generally used numbers. Oil products and their depletion is > > a much more complex situation. > > > > Hakan > > > > > > At 08:34 09/06/2006, you wrote: > > >Yes, I am able to amswer some questions concerning Rudolf Diesel. > > >He had his idea to his engine when he was a student of the technical > > >academy. Once he had a ready prototype ( which was tested with several > > >fuels > > >; gasoline, kerrosene and vegetable oils) he realized that he had to >supply > > >the fuel with the machine. So as a result of an agreement with Atlas >Copco > > >Diesel (member of the Wallenberg group) he had oil exploration rights in > > >Baku, near the Caspian Sea through an oil company with head office in St > > >Petersbrg Russia. This company was run by two relatives to Alfred Nobel, > > >the > > >founder of the Nobel prize. The aim with this deal was to obtain large >qtis > > >of kerrosene, which was the main petroleum product by that time. But then > > >the Russian revelution came in 1917 and his rights were expropiated. But > > >the > > >time that he had at his disposal was enough to establish kerrosene as the > > >main diesel fuel. The manufacturing rights of the diesel engine is now > > >owned > > >by Scania, which also is a member of the Wallenberg group. > > >The question for Rudolf Diesel was not the fuel itself, it was to have > > >access to diesel engine fuel, period. > > >We are now running out of oil, but some really good alternatives are >coming > > >up in practice, don´t you think ? > > >Jan Warnqvist > > >----- Original Message ----- > > >From: "lres1" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > > >To: <biofuel@sustainablelists.org> > > >Sent: Friday, June 09, 2006 4:49 AM > > >Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Back to the future > > > > > > > > > > Mike > > > > The oil engine was in use long before Rudolf Diesel. Bit of chicken or > > > > egg. > > > > > > > > Did Rudolf invent the fuel? > > > > He certainly reduced the size of the oil engine principal to enable it > > > > to > > > > fit into land transport use from Sea and machine shop energy sources. >I > > > > have > > > > been unable to locate any part where he actually invented the mineral > > > > oil > > > > known as Diesel oil. I can only find references to Peanut/vegetable >oils > > > > in > > > > his early engines. > > > > > > > > Can anyone point me in the direction where he invented the Diesel oil? > > > > > > > > Prohibition was to stop home making of fuel or to stop alcoholic >drinks > > > > or > > > > one was to cover the other? In history wood alcohol was included why? > > > > > > > > Henry Ford was a ruthless marketing and business man. (Read some of > > > > Edzels > > > > conflicts with his father before his early death). Fuel was sold in > > > > cans. > > > > How do you sell cars to people well away from fuel sources? Make them > > > > able > > > > to run on multi fuels, until Prohibition. The dates are about correct, > > > > late > > > > model "T" and early model "A", "AA" and "AAA". Note the model "AAA" > > > > (Triple > > > > A) was still run on ethanol as was not outlawed as far as my trips and > > > > research shows. > > > > > > > > The globe was already controlled by the oil industry. Sloan, the most > > > > powerfull man at the time, could not perhaps change this or was in > > > > agreement > > > > with the oil industry. > > > > > > > >> * Rudolf Diesel, the inventor of the diesel engine, designed it > > > >> to > > > >> run on vegetable and seed oils like hemp. In fact, when the > > > >> diesel > > > >> engine was first introduced at the World's Fair in 1900, it ran > > > >> on > > > >> peanut oil. > > > >> * Two decades later, Henry Ford was designing his Model Ts to run > > > >> on > > > >> ethanol made from hemp. He envisioned the entire mass-produced > > > >> Model T automobile line would run on ethanol derived from crops > > > >> grown in the U.S. > > > >> * Even in the 1920s, the oil industry had massive lobbying power >in > > > >> Washington. Lobbyists convinced policymakers to create laws > > > >> favoring petroleum based fuels while disgarding the ethanol > > > >> option. > > > >> * Nearly a century later, amidst oil wars in the Middle East, > > > >> Global > > > >> Warming, and a nearly depleted oil supply, the U.S. government >is > > > >> finally shifting attention to fuels that are more along the >lines > > > >> of Diesel and Ford's original ideas. > > > >> * In an interview with the New York Times in 1925, Henry Ford >said: > > > >> "The fuel of the future is going to come from fruit like that > > > >> sumac out by the road, or from apples, weeds, sawdust -- almost > > > >> anything. There is fuel in every bit of vegetable matter that >can > > > >> be fermented. There's enough alcohol in one year's yield of an > > > >> acre of potatoes to drive the machinery necessary to cultivate > > > >> the > > > >> fields for a hundred years." > > > >> > > > >> Whose water is it? *Learn more:* > > > >> http://www.organicconsumers.org/2006/article_658.cfm > > > >> > > > > > > > ><http://alerts.organicconsumers.org/trk/click?ref=zqtbkk3um_0-ax332x3239551&;>> _______________________________________________ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
