Side Effects of Stress

*Written by the Health line Editorial Team  Medically Reviewed by Andrea
Baird, MD*



Your traffic light just turned green, and you’re about to pull out into an
intersection when you notice another car is barreling through and will hit
you. Quick, hit the brakes! The car passes in front of you; the crash is
averted. Your heart is racing. You’re holding your breath. Exhale. Your
hands are gripping the steering wheel tightly, and your entire body has
tensed in anticipation of the collision. Relax, you’re safe.

In that split-second, near-miss accident, several systems in your body
kicked into gear. One of those is a part of your brain called the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system, which released  a cascade of
chemicals—such as adrenaline, steroid hormones, and cortisol—that kicked up
your heart rate, helped your brain with that split-second decision, and
increased glucose in the bloodstream to give you a burst of energy to
react. You didn’t even have to tell it what to do. This is your body’s
natural reaction to stress.

But what is not natural is continuously facing stressful situations and
challenges day after day. This is known as chronic stress and can be
detrimental to your health. Forty-three percent of adults say they suffer
adverse health effects from stress, and three-quarters of all doctor’s
visits are the result of stress-related ailments and complaints. Stress is
also linked to several serious diseases and unhealthy situations, such
as heart disease, cancer, lung disease, accidents, cirrhosis of the liver,
and suicide.

It’s important to understand how stress can impact your day-to-day life as
well as your long-term health. Here are some ways that chronic stress may
affect your physical and mental health.
BrainStress can impede your thought processes and hamper your thinking. You
may find making simple decisions like what to have for dinner or
remembering directions to a restaurant are more difficult than in a
non-stressed state.Emotions

People dealing with chronic stress may be easily frustrated and quick to
lose their temper. They may cry more often and spend considerably more time
worrying about things than they would without being stressed.
Teeth and Gums

Strange as it may seem, stress can take a toll on your oral health. Stress
may cause you to clench or grind your teeth. It’s often
done unconsciously or during your sleep, but if it’s not treated, it may
lead to problems with your temporomandibular joints. Stress may also lead
to gum disease, perhaps because of teeth grinding, less attention to oral
hygiene, salivary changes, and impaired immunity.
Heart

In terms of its effect on the body, stress is dangerous to your heart.
Stress hormones speed up your heart rate, constrict blood vessels, and make
the heart and blood vessels more likely to overreact in the event of a
future stressful event. Stress is also linked to high blood pressure, blood
clots, and in some cases, even stroke.
Lungs

People with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often
have worsening symptoms during times of chronic stress.
Stomach

Stress may make your stomach uneasy, and you may have increased incidence
of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In people with gastrointestinal
disorders and diseases like gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ulcerative colitis, and peptic
ulcer disease, symptoms may be worsened by stress.
Skin

Stress may make skin problems such as psoriasis, eczema, acne,
and rosacea worse. It is also known to bring on cold sores and
fever blisters.
Hair

Your hair may fall victim to your stress. When a person is under a great
deal of stress, his or her hair may enter the falling-out stage of the hair
life cycle. It can occur up to three months after the stressful event, but
hair usually grows back within a year.
Muscles

Stress-related tension in your back, neck, and shoulders can lead to muscle
pain throughout your body.
Immune System

If it seems you always get sick when you can least afford it, it may be
because your stress is suppressing your immune system, making you more
susceptible to infection. Stress can worsen symptoms of chronic illness
such as rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes.



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