Pranam without Papyrus?. Papyrus, writing material of ancient times and also the plant <https://www.britannica.com/plant/papyrus-plant> from which it was derived, *Cyperus papyrus* (family Cyperaceae), also called paper plant. The papyrus plant was long cultivated <https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cultivated> in the Nile delta region in Egypt <https://www.britannica.com/place/Egypt> and was collected for its stalk or stem, whose central pith was cut into thin strips, pressed together, and dried to form a smooth thin writing surface. Papyrus is a grasslike aquatic plant that has woody, bluntly triangular stems and grows up to 4.6 m (about 15 feet) high in quietly flowing water up to 90 cm (3 feet) deep. The triangular stem can grow to a width of as much as 6 cm. The papyrus plant is now often used as a pool ornamental in warm areas or in conservatories. The dwarf papyrus (*C. isocladus,* also given as *C. papyrus* ‘Nanus’), up to 60 cm tall, is sometimes potted and grown indoors.
The ancient Egyptians used the stem of the papyrus plant to make sails, cloth, mats, cords, and, above all, paper <https://www.britannica.com/technology/paper>. Paper made from papyrus was the chief writing material in ancient Egypt <https://www.britannica.com/place/ancient-Egypt>, was adopted by the Greeks, and was used extensively in the Roman Empire. It was used not only for the production of books (in roll or scroll form) but also for correspondence and legal documents. Pliny the Elder <https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pliny-the-Elder> gave an account of the manufacture of paper from papyrus. The fibrous layers within the stem of the plant were removed, and a number of these longitudinal strips were placed side by side and then crossed at right angles with another set of strips. The two layers formed a sheet, which was then dampened and pressed. Upon drying, the gluelike sap of the plant acted as an adhesive and cemented the layers together. The sheet was finally hammered and dried in the sun. The paper thus formed was pure white in colour and, if well made, was free of spots, stains, or other defects. A number of these sheets were then joined together with paste to form a roll, with usually not more than 20 sheets to a roll. Papyrus was cultivated and used for writing material by the Arabs of Egypt down to the time when the growing manufacture of paper from other plant fibres in the 8th and 9th centuries CE rendered papyrus unnecessary. By the 3rd century CE, papyrus had already begun to be replaced in Europe by the less-expensive vellum, or parchment <https://www.britannica.com/topic/parchment>, but the use of papyrus for books and documents persisted sporadically until about the 12th century.KR IRS 27421 On Mon, 26 Apr 2021 at 15:25, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 < [email protected]> wrote: > PAPER > > Dear Friends, > > This posting is about paper. Paper has different forms and the most widely > forms are writing paper, printing paper and Newsprint. Some nostalgic > memories of paper are also brought in this posting. I am thankful to all > members reading and responding either directly or through group posting. > > Sincerely, > > Gopala Krishnan 9-1-2011 > > *Reposted with additions and updating information on 26-4-2021. R. Gopala > Krishnan* > > 1. Respect to paper. > > We all respect paper. We never touch with feet even accidentally on paper. > Even a paper lying in the road, we avoid touching with feet. If a paper is > accidentally touch with feet, most touch it with hand and put on eyes as a > mark of excuse for the action. *We consider paper as Goddess Saraswathi.* > > 2. Gowthama Buddah’s words > > I have read elsewhere that what is not suitable for consumption by humans > would be food for other beings. Nothing is waste in this universe. I > recollect about paper and difficulty in production and about the scarcity > of raw materials. We should make maximum use of paper as possible. Nowadays > many use electronic media where paper information is not necessary. > Important information are saved in the memory of electronic media like > computer, laptop, notebook, smart phone etc. > > 3. Use of one-sided paper. > > Most of do not waste paper used one side and information no further > required. We use the non-written side of the paper for rough works on > the other side. > > Balance of Paper used half way, the remaining can be used, collecting all > such papers and stitching. > > My wife often comes to me for paper- written/printed one side for writing > her information. > > On the telephone table one side used paper is kept for writing. Earlier it > was land phone, now 90% is the mobile phone- only difference. Land phone > use has very much reduced. I use internet line from BSNL. Most call me in > mobile. > > In my boyhood days after the school year was over and examinations > passed, the unused paper from note books were taken out and stitched and > bound and used as *rough book*. Good quality paper covers can be reused > for many other preserving purposes. > > Update- Now rough book is purchased from stationery shops, slightly less > quality paper is used in it. > > 4. Paper, paper > > We can see scrap merchants in the street collecting used notebooks and > newspaper. They are actually bundled and send to paper factories and re > cycled and used to make hard boards and rough papers. A very few > percentage is used for packing etc. The merchants either collecting from > homes or storing and sending in lorry have a good profit. I know the > case of a scrap merchant who purchased his own mini lorry by bank loan and > transported items, has now purchased the shop area, and built two floors > and occupy one floor as home. Hard work is required. > > 5. Different type of papers > > The common papers we get are either news print type or writing type. In > writing type different qualities are there. Special quality papers are *bond > papers* and *stamp papers* used for property registration etc. They have > to be reserved for pretty long time. Another is cheque leaves. I am not > forgetting best quality *special papers threaded with cotton used to > print currency.* > > Now with electronic printers and Xerox special quality *Xerox paper* has > come. Most homes have now small printers, who use computer. > > The *cardboard* used for binding, is mostly made from recycled paper. > > *The postal cover, inlands and cards have* one time use but they have to > travel a long distance and should not get damaged. Similarly the postal > stamps. Hence an appropriate quality paper is used to make them. > > *Blotting paper* is another type of paper, not much used except where > pens are used. Still many stationary shops have blotting paper. > > Manifolding paper, stencil paper were widely used in a time, only > typewriters were there. > > *Carbon paper is still in use*, both double sided and single sided, for > special uses like issue of demand drafts etc. Even in printing sometimes > carbon paper is in special cases. > > *Thin type coloured papers are used for many decoration works.* Since > they are cut to pieces, they are in no way reusable. Similarly packing > papers. > > For single binding of text books now *brown paper* is there, waxed one > side to give durability. > > *Coloured bound paper* are there for miscellaneous purposes like > temporary files etc. > > 6. Dictionary, Diary and record books > > Very often referred is dictionary. If at all one page is lost we feel in a > dictionary as a big loss. Incidentally most things we wanted to refer would > be of in that page!!! Dictionary is well bounded and safely kept by most > having them. Now online dictionary is also available which I use many times > for convenience. For spell check and grammar often we use computer > itself. > > This posting is made referring on line dictionary for meanings and laptop > spell check software. Well Learnt members do not require either. They > are sure of meaning, spelling and grammar. > > Most people preserve *diaries *at least for a specific period. > > The *record books and registers* in shops are also maintained for a > longer periods. > > The *college mark sheets, certificates, degrees* are all to be preserved > for longer periods. The appropriate quality and thickness of paper are used > for them > > *7. Pass port.* > > Special quality paper is used for passport. > > An interesting episode about passport of my wife and me. My wife being > only SSLC, passport was issued with Emigration check required. To eliminate > emigration check, I got certificate from Directorate New Delhi, I am ITS > Group A officer and Emigration check was changed to – No emigration check > required being a wife of gazetted officer. > > Directors issued me *permission to apply for passport*. > > I had to produce my DEGREE. For exemption of emigration check exemption, > since original letter of ITS Group A was taken for my wife’s emigration > check exemption by passport authorities. This was in 2002. Now rules have > changed about emigration check. > > 7. Epics and religious books. > > Currently epics and religious books are neatly printed and very good > quality paper are used and even waxing is done so that they are more > preserving. > > 8. Covers of soaps, ointments etc. > > Here cover has to preserve the quality of content for a longer period. > Hence the quality of paper thickness and quality. *Beyond that getting > attract*. Now people may recollect wrapping with thin waxed paper for > sunlight and Lifebuoy soaps when there was not much competition. > > 9. Is there any wastage of paper? > > Normally thick packing of large items purchased preserved for re- use. In > Trivandrum there were shops collecting and selling jute bags, hard board > boxes. It helped very much in packing. Now packers and movers are there. > > *10 Best quality paper wastage* > > But there are many wastages also. Some of these are un- avoidable. One > such is marriage printed invitations. *Some spent above 200-00 per > invitation paper and cover*. Cover is used for putting compliment money. > Invitation is simply disposed after a time putting in waste collector box. > > > There are certain *paper documents, which has to be compulsorily > destroyed like paid up promissory note* etc. > > 11. Our office work > > It was a practice for us in the office to keep one side used paper for > rough works and drafts or for taking scribbling information. If my GM > wanted five details rather than keeping in memory, I used to write on rough > paper and deleted after completing. > > 11a. How to dispose Horoscope > > Sankaracharya has given the following suggestion regarding disposal of > horoscopes received for sons or daughter’s marriage occasion. *He has > directed to float them in the river.* > > *12 mini notes, scribbling pad* > > Probably for convenience and avoid more wastage small size mini notes for > merchants are available for Rs 10-00 and 20-00. This also can be used to > write small information in home and keep. There are also scribbling pads > starting from Rs 20-00. > > *12 a Cost* > > Comparing to many items paper cost is less now. Books, note books, > registers, file covers etc. cost lesser. Even price of diary is less for > the best quality comparing to the price of other items > > One reason could be from sugarcane waste also paper pulps could be made > now. Other could be lesser usage even by students and in offices. > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/281283393.505108.1619430929891%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/281283393.505108.1619430929891%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. 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