MahAbhArata (BhIshmaparva, 6.49,50) refers to seven divyagangas: nalinI, pAvanI, sarasvatI, jambu, sItA, gangA and sindhu. The epic locates kurukshetra to the south of sarasvatI and to the north of DrshadvatI (iii,83.204)
The dried-up bed — wadi — of sarasvatI might have constituted the great road between hastinApur and dvArAvatI (dwAraka). Part of this road would have constituted the road from Sind to Delhi via Bahawalpur, MaroT, Anupgarh, Suratgarh, Dabli, KAlibaggAN, BhaTner (Hanumgarh), Tibi and SIrsa suggested by Major F. Mackeson in 1844 to the British government (Report on the Route from Seersa to Bahawulpore, JAS, Beng., XLII, Pt.I, 1844, No. 145 to 153)]. A synonym of sIrsa is sarsuti < sarasvatI; at this place, about 100 miles below Rassauli, a fortress was built. Hieun Tsang’s reference to `five indies’ is amplified by Cunningham to define northern India to comprise the Punjab proper including Kashmir and the adjoining hill states, eastern Afghanistan beyond Indus and the Sutlej states to the west of the sarasvatI river. Geographically, the sarasvatI basin can be traced to the currently known: ghaggar-nALI-hakDA-rainI-nArA-wAhindA-mihrAn-purAN channels. Ghaggar might have been a stream that rose in the Siwaliks and that joined the sarasvatI. This network runs parallel to the Indus across Sind. The river flowed from the Himalayas to the Rann of Kutch. [cf. Oldham, C.F., JRAS, 1893, p.49 on the Lost river of the Indian desert; Sir A. Burnes, Memoir n the Eastern Branch of the River Indus, given an Account of the alterations produced on it by an earthquake, also a Theory of the formation of the Runn, Trans. RAS, III,1834, pp. 550-88]. Geologically, the entire sarasvatI river bed, and the arm of the Arabian sea (formerly spanning into saline Ranns of kutch) into which the river fell are on an earth-quake belt; an earthquake could have upraised this entire river-sea-bed profile, drying up the river. [This may explain the formation of the Thar desert on the left banks of the river in earlier earthquakes; also, perhaps of the Thal desert in Pakistan. Did some tracts of the thar desert support cultivation in ancient times? Geological surveys do indicate subsoil water in some tracts. Even today, over 2 million people in Rajasthan live in these tracts! The Sanskrit name is maru-sthalI. cf. Tamil maruta-nilam??]. Was this event of the dried-up sarasvatI linkable to the 12 years of drought in the Santanu reign — an anecdote in the Mahabharata? Could this explain the migrations of the Indus-Sarasvati people to other parts of the sub-continent? Another possibility is that the head-waters of sarasvatI were captured by sutlej (sutudrI) shrinking the water-volume carried by sarasvatI. [cf. H.Raychaudhari, The Sarasvati, in Science and Culture, VIII, 12, June 1943; Studies in Indian Antiquities, Calcutta University, 1958, pp. 121-41]. Yamuna is also considered a tributary of the sarasvatI (Wadia, D.N., Geology of India, London, 1949, p.41). Could the Indo-Aryan migrations, attested in a number of scholarly studies, have been caused by the (gradual?) drying-up of the river? The following extracts, principally from earth sciences’ and LANDSAT literature establish the existence of Sarasvati river contiguous to the Indus river valley and the area of Rann of Kutch and the Gulf of Cambay in Gujarat. The study of remotely-sensed data in the desert tract of Rajasthan shows that there are plenty of paleochannels with well sprung-up tentacles throughout the desert (figure 3). On the northern edge of the Thar-Great Indian desert at the Ganganagar-Anupgarh plains a well-developed set of paleochannels are clearly discernible in satellite photographs (figures 1 and 4). Bakliwal et al (1988) have explained that these well sprung-up paleochannels are traces of the mighty Saraswati river which once ruled the desert.( courtesy Dr S Kalyanaraman director Dept of Archaeology Saraswati River project Books are available in Amazon.in, amazon.com, Flipkart etc) KR IRS 6621 On Sun, 6 Jun 2021 at 13:01, Rajinder Sandhir <[email protected]> wrote: > For Arayan Invasion theory > > The abrupt end of Saraswati civilisation cannot be attributed to climate > change. Climate change is not abrupt as is happening today. In early parts > of 20th century, climate specially in the semi-hill stations like Ranchi, > was so cold that fans were not needed. In Ranchi summers after 100 years, > one needs air conditioning.. People are adapting to the climate change. > Those who like cooler climes, are moving out. > > Such abrupt climate change occurs when a cataclysm like huge meteor impact > or atomic warfare happens. Meteor impact gives time to people to move out. > Skeletal Remains at some Saraswati sites point towards atomic warfare. > Skeletal remains are found grouped together at social sites. > > Affectionately > > Rajinder Sandhir > > Delhi 110 076 > > > > > > Sent from Mail <https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=550986> for > Windows 10 > > > > *From: *Rajaram Krishnamurthy <[email protected]> > *Sent: *Tuesday, June 1, 2021 4:46 PM > *To: *thatha patty <[email protected]>; iyer > <[email protected]>; Kerala iyer <[email protected]>; > HAH-International <[email protected]>; Rangarajan T.N.C. > <[email protected]>; APS Mani <[email protected]>; N. Sekar > <[email protected]>; Yeddanapudi Markandeyulu <[email protected]>; > Bala Aiyer <[email protected]> > *Subject: *Indus and Dravida > > > > Pranam > > *What Did the Indus Valley Civilisation Have in Common with Tamils?* > > The Indus script - which developed along with the civilization - has > mystified experts, scholars, and symbolists for decades ever since it > turned up on seals, pottery, and other artifacts. Some believe it could > be the precursor to Dravidian languages. > > The Indus Valley civilisation was a Bronze age civilisation that existed > in north-west India and eastern Pakistan between 5,000 BCE and 1,500 BCE. > The urban civilization is believed to have mysteriously collapsed in > 1,500 BCE with scholars speculating that climate change and migration > behind its sudden disappearance. Recent evidence now suggests that the > civilisation might have moved south. Excavations and made from sites in > Tamil Nadu over the past two years studies of the Indus Valley script and > the Tamil-Brahmi script - the precursor of contemporary Tamil - suggest > that *there may have there might have been* an urban, Bronze age > civilisation in India’s southern region. The findings also suggest that > after the collapse of the Indus civilisation, the remaining members of the > civilisation migrated south. > > *The Indus-Dravidian link* > > The script has been found to be consistent across the Harrapan > civilisation. > > Archaeologists, however, have increasingly been finding links between the > Indus script and the Tamil-Brahmi script with many speculating the Indus > script was indeed Dravidian. In 2019, excavations carried out in the > Keezadi site in Tamil Nadu’s Sivagangai district revealed > <https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-study-connects-tamil-nadu-with-indus-valley-civilisation/story-ESlR55vEIZQPvq2Q0jXeVP.html> > graffiti > dating back to 580 BC. The graffiti has been deemed to bear a distinct > resemblance to the Indus script. > > Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx > > The above is a media channel 18 report with lots of ambiguity wishing all > to sink together; but what was excavated is 580 BCE at Keezhadi; the Indus > civilisation is 7000 years old; disappearances of evidence is in 1500 BCE > viz 3500 years back; migration of Brahmins from north of Ganges is well > known in the history; but all these time lag does not fit the conclusions > to be beyond doubt. Its wishful thinking of the Tamilnandu. > > The origin of the Sanskrit word *drāviḍa* is Tamil > <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language>. In Prakrit > <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakrit>, words such as "Damela", > "Dameda", "Dhamila" and "Damila", which later evolved from "Tamila", could > have been used to denote an ethnic identity In the Sanskrit tradition the > word *drāviḍa* was also used to denote the geographical region of South > India. Epigraphic evidence of an ethnic group termed as such is found in > ancient India where a number of inscriptions have come to light datable > from the 6th to the 5th century BCE mentioning *Damela* or *Dameda* persons. > The Hathigumpha inscription > <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hathigumpha_inscription> of the Kalinga > <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalinga_(historical_kingdom)> ruler > Kharavela <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharavela> refers to a *T(ra)mira > samghata* (Confederacy of Tamil rulers) dated to 150 BCE. It also > mentions that the league of Tamil kingdoms had been in existence for 113 > years by that time. In Amaravati > <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaravathi_village,_Guntur_district> in > present-day Andhra Pradesh <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh> > there > is an inscription referring to a *Dhamila-vaniya* (Tamil trader) datable > to the 3rd century CE. Another inscription of about the same time in > Nagarjunakonda <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagarjunakonda> seems to > refer to a *Damila*. A third inscription in Kanheri Caves > <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanheri_Caves> refers to a > *Dhamila-gharini* (Tamil house-holder). In the Buddhist > <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist> Jataka > <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jataka> story known as *Akiti Jataka* there > is a mention to *Damila-rattha* (Tamil dynasty). > > While the English word *Dravidian* was first employed by Robert > Caldwell <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Caldwell> in his book of > comparative Dravidian grammar based on the usage of the Sanskrit word > *drāviḍa* in the work *Tantravārttika* by *Kumārila Bhaṭṭa*, the word > *drāviḍa* in Sanskrit has been historically used to denote geographical > regions of Southern India as whole. Some theories concern the direction of > derivation between *tamiẓ* and *drāviḍa*; such linguists as Zvelebil > assert that the direction is from *tamiẓ* to *drāviḍa*. The modern word > *Dravidian* is devoid of any ethnic significance and is only used to > classify a linguistic <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic> family > of the referred group. {Indrapala, K *The Evolution of an ethnic > identity: The Tamils of Sri Lanka*, pp.155–156 Zvelebil 1990 > <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidian_peoples#CITEREFZvelebil1990>, > p. xx} > > Badagas, Gondi, Kurumba Todas, Tuluvas, Irula tribes DNAs were > tested in Madurai Kamaraj University research wrt the DNAs match and a > theory floated tat they do match with a native tribe in Australia. Dravida > culture is extensive than the TN or even south. Mahadevan, Iravatham > (2006). *A Note on the Muruku Sign of the Indus Script in light of the > Mayiladuthurai Stone Axe Discove* > <https://web.archive.org/web/20060904034700/http:/www.harappa.com/arrow/stone_celt_indus_signs.html>; > his finding was from these symbols which he named as MURUKKU means bend > and related it to Dravida, Murukku eatable etc. This resemblance led him to > believe but the evidence are farfetched to link. The GONDI is people of > GANDIVAN as seen in RAMAYANA a tribe living around 7000 to 10000 years > before. Pandya kings participated in Mahabharatha war narrated from south. > If so 560 BCE evidence has no meaning at all. There was a parallel > civilisation in south and north and migration after the Mahabharatha war in > all directions did happen. Arya invasion theory is now defunct. Dravida is > directional concept as recited in Soundarya lahari DRAVIDA SISU by ADI > SANKARAR. > > Hence I said Keezhadi matching is not a right one as on date. > > KR IRS 1621 > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "Thatha_Patty" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZopjXSt-Bedv1V1QRbzKYKjVDi8wTZjncebq-FGf8nosEg%40mail.gmail.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZopjXSt-Bedv1V1QRbzKYKjVDi8wTZjncebq-FGf8nosEg%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > > > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. 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