Pranam Tamil Telugu kannada Malayalam <https://www.healthifyme.com/blog/7-yoga-poses-correct-posture/>
4 The origin of the Sanskrit word *drāviḍa* is the word *Tamiḻ*. Kamil Zvelebil cites the forms such as *dramila* (in *Daṇḍin*'s Sanskrit work *Avantisundarīkathā*) *damiḷa* (found in the Sri Lankan (Ceylonese) chronicle *Mahavamsa*) and then goes on to say, "The forms *dramiḷa */ *damila* almost certainly provide a connection of *dr(a/ā)viḍa* " with the indigenous name of the Tamil language, the likely derivation being "**tamiṟ* > **damiḷ* > *damiḷa*- / *damila*- and further, with the intrusive, 'hypercorrect' (or perhaps analogical) -*r*-, into *dr(a/ā)viḍa*. The -*m* -/-*v*- alternation is a common enough phenomenon in Dravidian phonology" <https://www.healthifyme.com/blog/7-yoga-poses-correct-posture/> 5 Bhadriraju Krishnamurti <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhadriraju_Krishnamurti> states in his reference book *The Dravidian languages*:[20] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidian_languages#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnamurti2003p._2,_footnote_2-22> Joseph (1989: IJDL 18.2:134-42) gives extensive references to the use of the term *draviḍa*, *dramila* first as the name of a people, then of a country. Sinhala BCE inscriptions cite *dameḍa*-, *damela*- denoting Tamil merchants. Early Buddhist and Jaina sources used *damiḷa*- to refer to a people of south India (presumably Tamil); *damilaraṭṭha*- was a southern non-Aryan country; *dramiḷa*-, *dramiḍa*, and *draviḍa*- were used as variants to designate a country in the south (*Bṛhatsamhita-*, *Kādambarī*, *Daśakumāracarita-*, fourth to seventh centuries CE) (1989: 134–138). It appears that *damiḷa*- was older than *draviḍa*- which could be its Sanskritization. 6 Based on what Krishnamurti states (referring to a scholarly paper published in the *International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics*), the Sanskrit word *draviḍa* itself is later than *damiḷa* since the dates for the forms with -r- are centuries later than the dates for the forms without -r- (*damiḷa*, *dameḍa*-, *damela*- etc.). 7 Professor Kunjan Pillai’s research work Pandaiya Keralam elucidates on the fact that Malayalam’s ethnic, language and literary history was born out of ancient Tamil. EMS, who spoke of a ‘United Keralam’ and worked towards it, affirms it in Keralam Malayalikalude Mathrubhumi. 8 Kerala’s cultural space somewhat embarrassingly accepted this truth. Today, it wants to rectify it. One could juxtapose it with the fact that today all ethnic groups claim that they have once ruled this land. “Malayalam is not a branch language of Tamil. There existed a language that formed the basis of Tamil, Malayalam and other Dravidian languages” — this is the argument put forth today. 9 The literary contributions made by Niranam poets in the 14th century helped Malayalam evolve into a unique language. That version of Malayalam was heavily influenced by Sanskrit. Thunchaththu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan, who lived in the 16th century, gave form to present-day Malayalam. This version of Malayalam bears more resemblance to Tamil. Before these two trends emerged, Tamil’s Sangam literature and Silappadhikaram were considered the ancient literature of Malayalam. 10 One can establish the veracity of this from Sangam literature. The mythological character of Kannagi is worshipped by Malayalis today. The annual Pongal festival in Aatrukaal Bhagavathi temple, hailed as ‘Women’s Sabarimala <https://indianexpress.com/about/sabarimala-temple/>’, is not a symbol of Sanskritisied Kerala. It is a testimony to the bond it had with Tamil. In Indian languages, with the exception of Hindi, Malayalam is the only independent national language. In the northern parts of Kerala, Kannada exerts an influence. Further down, it has a mix of French. In Palakkad and Thrissur along Central Kerala, Tamil has an influence. In Central Kerala itself, languages like Hebrew and Latin have an influence. >From Kasargod to Parassala, Urdu has its influence. Kerala’s culture embraces the cultural aspects and language of any kind. 11 The best of Malayalam’s cultural and linguistic aspects is perhaps this ability to accept and embrace other cultures. The acceptance of Kannagi is an aspect of cultural harmony while the use of an ancient Tamil word like “angadi (shop)” could be seen as acceptance of language. The language could establish a connection with the modern world due to this flexibility. The weakness could be that it loses the opportunity to create its own technical terms. 12 The word *Malayalam* originated from the words *mala*, meaning ' mountain <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain>', and *alam*, meaning ' region <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region>' or '-ship' (as in "township"); *Malayalam* thus translates directly as 'the mountain <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain> region'. The term originally referred to the land <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land> of the Chera dynasty <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chera_dynasty>, and only later became the name of its language. The language Malayalam is alternatively called Alealum, Malayalani, Malayali, Malabari, Malean, Maliyad, Mallealle, and Kerala Bhasha. 13 Kerala was usually known as *Malabar <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabar_Coast>* in the foreign trade circles <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Ocean_trade> in the mediaeval era. Earlier, the term *Malabar* had also been used to denote Tulu Nadu <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulu_Nadu> and Kanyakumari <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanyakumari_district> which lie contiguous to Kerala in the southwestern coast of India, in addition to the modern state of Kerala. The people of Malabar were known as Malabars <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabars>. Until the arrival of the East India Company <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company>, the term *Malabar* was used as a general name for Kerala, along with the term *Kerala*. From the time of Cosmas Indicopleustes <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmas_Indicopleustes> (6th century CE) itself, the Arab <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs> sailors used to call Kerala as Male. The first element of the name, however, is attested already in the *Topography* written by Cosmas Indicopleustes <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmas_Indicopleustes>. This mentions a pepper emporium called Male, which clearly gave its name to Malabar ('the country of Male'). The name Male is thought to come from the Malayalam word Mala ('hill'). Al-Biruni <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Biruni> (973–1048 CE) is the first known writer to call this country Malabar. The Arab writers had called this place Malibar, Manibar, Mulibar, and Munibar. Malabar is reminiscent of the word Malanad which means the land of hills. The language spoken in the hilly region of ancient Tamilakam <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilakam> later came to be known as *Malayalam* (meaning *The land of hills*). The term *Malayalam* actually denotes the geographical peculiarity of Malabar Coast <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabar_Coast> which lies west to the mountain ranges of Western Ghats <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Ghats>. 14 The earliest extant literary <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary> works in the regional language <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language> of present-day Kerala <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerala> probably date back to as early as the 12th century <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century>. At that time the language was known by the name *Kerala Bhasha*. The named identity of this language <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language> appears to have come into existence only around the 16th century <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century>, when it was known as "Malayayma" or "Malayanma"; the words were also used to refer to the script <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_system> and the region <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region>. According to Duarte Barbosa <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duarte_Barbosa>, a Portuguese visitor who visited Kerala in the early 16th century CE, the people in the southwestern Malabar coast <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabar_coast> of India from Mangalore <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalore> in north to Kanyakumari <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanyakumari> in south had a unique language, which was called "Maliama" by them. The western dialect of Old Tamil <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Tamil> spoken in the southwestern Malabar Coast <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabar_Coast> of India <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India> was known as *Malanaattu Tamil*/*Malabar Tamil* (Meaning the *Tamil of the hilly region*/the *Tamil of Malabar*) since the ancient Sangam period <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangam_period> (300 BCE – 300 CE). Due to the geographical separation of the Malabar Coast <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabar_Coast> from Tamil Nadu <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Nadu>, and the presence of Western Ghats <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Ghats> mountain ranges in between these two geographical regions, the dialect of Tamil <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language> spoken in the territory of the western Malabar Coast <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabar_Coast> of the ancient Chera <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chera_dynasty> kingdom was different from that spoken in the Tamil <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language>-mainland. { Sreedhara Menon Kerala charitram}. 15 The generally held view is that Malayalam was the western coastal dialect of Mediaeval Tamil <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Tamil> ( Karintamil <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karintamil>) and separated from Middle Tamil <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Tamil> (Proto-Tamil-Malayalam) sometime between the 9th and 13th centuries. ( So Literature level of Malayalam is very recent compared to the ancient Tolkappiyam and the claim of Narayanaswamy is as usual vicious ignorance of not knowing anything including his job of vedam also. 16 As far as I am concerned that no language is superior to any and since like a kid Narayanaswamy abuse of Tamil , that too sitting under Singapore Tamil Peravai, indicates , what sort of 95 year old is?. KR IRS 12122 -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZoow3jD-JCqo6MHseD%2BYRT8_SHepcbewJUDEekZfms1RqA%40mail.gmail.com.
