Sir,
Q2 You have mentioned a common ancestor. What is the name or species of the
ancestor?. Write a clear response. Many are reading your intelligent responses.
Gopalakrishnan
On Friday, 13 January, 2023 at 11:02:51 am IST, Rajaram Krishnamurthy
<[email protected]> wrote:
Q1 BOROBUR TEMPLE (8th and 9th century AD)
I wonder the copier neither knows India nor knows Indonesiaand architecture of
Buddhism which only went from India; but if some quota Indonesianwrites about
it as glorious, Our Indian born the learnt of all trades, willoriginally think,
and write the best on earth is Borobudur and later willdefend it by so many ifs
and buts let it be. What is the greatness of the Indonesian Buddhist temple?”
It covers anenormous area, measuring123 x 123 meters. ( 0.03 acre only)
Themonument is a marvel of design, decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504
Buddhastatues. The architecture and stonework of this temple has no equal.
Andit was built without using any kind of cement or mortar! The structure is
likea set of massive interlockingLego blocks held together without any glue.
The temple has remained strong even throughten centuries of neglect. It was
rediscovered in 1815, buried under volcanicash. In the 1970’s the Indonesian
Government and UNESCO worked together torestore Borobudur to its former majesty
The restoration took eight years tocomplete and today Borobudur is one of
Indonesia and the world’s most valuabletreasures.”. And the Q and A
hasreference to software etc which is never linked. It is okay for the
Indonesianto say so; but shall an Indian simply accept it as such?
For more than1500 years, from the Indian subcontinent to the islands of
the Indonesianarchipelago, the temple has embodied and symbolized the Hindu
worldview at itsdeepest level and inspired the greatest architectural and
artistic achievementsin Hindu Asia. In The Hindu Temple, considered the
standard introduction to thesubject, George Michellexplains the cultural,
religious, and architectural significance of thetemple. He illustrates his
points with a profusion of photographs, buildingplans, and drawings of
architectural details, making the book titled George Michell (1988), The Hindu
Temple: An Introductionto Its Meaning and Forms. Hindutemples in South-East
Asia developed their own distinct versions, mostly basedon IndiaAccording to
Michell, it is as if the Southeast Asian architectslearned from "the
theoretical prescriptions about temple building"from Indian texts, but never
saw one. They reassembled the elements with theirown creative interpretations.
The Hindu temples found in Southeast Asia aremore conservative and far more
strongly link the Mount Meru-relatedcosmological elements of Indian thought
than the Hindu temples found in the subcontinent’sarchitectural models, both
North Indian and South Indian style Thus it may be known that pinnacle shape
ANDBROAD BASES ARE PRINCIPLES OF Mount Meru.
The design,especially the floor plan, of the part of a Hindu temple around
the sanctum orshrine follows a geometrical design called
vastu-purusha-mandala.The name is a composite Sanskrit word with three of the
most importantcomponents of the plan. Mandala means circle, Purusha isuniversal
essence at the core of Hindu tradition, while Vastu meansthe dwelling
structure. Vastupurushamandala is a yantra. Thedesign lays out a Hindu temple
in a symmetrical, self-repeating structurederived from central beliefs, myths,
cardinality and mathematical principles. In Hindu temple manuals, design
plansare described with 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81 up to 1024 squares; 1
padais considered the simplest plan, as a seat for a hermit or devotee to sit
andmeditate on, do yoga, or make offerings with Vedic fire in front. The
seconddesign of 4 padas has a symbolic central core at the diagonal
intersection, andis also a meditative layout. The 9 pada design has a sacred
surrounded centre,and is the template for the smallest temple. Older Hindu
temple vastu mandalasmay use the 9 through 49 pada series, but 64 is considered
the most sacredgeometric grid in Hindu temples. It is also called Manduka,
Bhekapada or Ajirain various ancient Sanskrit texts. Each pada is conceptually
assigned to asymbolic element, sometimes in the form of a deity or to a spirit
or apasara.The central square(s) of the 64 is dedicated to the Brahman (not to
be confusedwith Brahmin), and are called Brahma padas.
The templeat Indonasia is just 17 776 sq ft only. The majestic
AdiKumbeswara Temple was built in the seventh century by the Choladynasty, with
later additions and modifications by subsequent kings. Thecomplex is spread
over an area of 30,181 square feet, and theeastern tower is the tallest, which
stands at 128 feet (11 stories high).During the months of February and March,
the festival of Masi Magam isceremoniously celebrated. The cement wasnever
used in any temples at all and locking devices were sporadic in alltemples.
Temples have been built since 100 BCE in India. Carvings are many folded.
Inarea and architecture Indonesian temples are lagging behind ; but he is
proudof that nationality; but what about the copier?. Andesite stones of air in
between is the crux of the temple built at Kal Garudan concept where weight
varies at Thanjavur Nachiyar koil.
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Q2 Apes have nothing to do with humans at any point of time. There's a simple
answer: Humans did not evolve from chimpanzees or any of the other great apes
that live today. We instead share a common ancestor that lived roughly 10
million years ago
Q4 No 1 etc are statistical number game
Q5 tactics? Simple. Saving is also an expenditure and greediness is
curtailable. KR IRS 12123
On Thu, 12 Jan 2023 at 19:27, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123
<[email protected]> wrote:
CULTURAL QA 01-2023-07
BEING ACOMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS
Q1 How did ancient peoples build largestructures like bridges and
theatres that today require simulation software toget right? Was there trial
and error involved?
A1 Dian Ardiansyah, Updated 3y
No need for software if you can learn from nature, atleast that's what my
ancestors did.
Take the ancientTemple of Borobudur for example.
Borobudur -Wikipedia
If this colossalstructure were to be build today the amount of computation and
simulationrequired to complete it would be very great.
But because therewere no computers in the 9th century what my ancestors did to
complete thisbeautiful edifice was quite amazing in it self.
They learned from observation and harnessing everythingthat nature has given
them in order to complete this temple.
Borobudur islocated on the South Central part of Java. It's location pretty
much dictateshow or with what the temple is going to be build. Since volcanoes
dotted the landscape the builderchoose Andesite as the main building blocks.
Andesite - Wikipedia
Andesite is a very light volcanic rock.
On averagebetween 20% to 40% of the rock's volume is actually air due to the
pores.These pores came from the way the rock were born inside the belly of a
volcano.Because there were a lot of it lying around, using Andesite would be a
no brainier instead ofimporting a more robust type of rock from outside the
region.
On average the weight of individual stones in Borobudurrarely exceeds 9 kg.
Meaning it would be very efficientand cheap to build the temple.
Another trick thatmy ancestors deployed in order to finish the job is the
involvement of a mortar free constructionmethod.
Today, despite our technologicaladvances, mortar free construction is still
rare. From small simplehomes to tall skyscrapers, nearly all used mortars. But
Borobudur and manyother ancient structures in Java are actually free from
mortar.
How?
By using spacial imagination.
They used interlocking mechanisms to getthe stones in place and support each
other. By joining the stonesthis way there's no need for a complex computation
or mathematicalequations toget the job done. The simply used their imagination.
Why mortar free? Because of the nature of Java.
Java is tropical.It's hot and humid all year round. When it rains it pours down
heavily. Imaginewhat would have happened to a mortar if exposed to these
tropical elements fora prolonged period of time. The mortar would be rotting
away leaving the integrity of Borobudurjeopardized.
Not to mention Javais prone to periodical volcanic eruptions and large
earthquakes.
Sulfur contained in the volcanic ash would literallydissolve mortars, while
during earthquakes, mortarswould break and caused the structure to break with
it.
That's why evenafter 1000 year Borobudur and other ancient temples in Java
still stands firm.If an earthquake knock down the structure, people would
simply put the piecesback together like Lego bricks. The absence of mortar
allows this to happen.
Ancientstructure does not necessarily mean that it's primitive and built by
primitivepeople.On the contrary, many of these ancient buildings, at least in
my country werebuilt with sustainability, efficiency and safety in mind.
It's incredible tothink that people in the past don't need a complex or fancy
software in orderto build a lasting structure.
My note- I had a Divisional engineer at Salem, a BScgraduate, who had wider
knowledge and ability to get things done by widerknowledge comparing tohis
colleagues with BE qualification. He used to tell in some contexts- With what
engineering qualification Thomas Alwa Edission invented theelectric bulb???.His
name was alsoNarayaswamy
Q2 What physical characteristics makehumans different from all species
of apes? Do we share any physicalcharacteristics with one or more species of
apes?
A2 Claire Jordan, Degree in biology andfolklore; programmer, shop
owner, secretary on newspaper Dec 30
None, because humans are a type of ape.The differences between us and other
apes are no greater than between anorangutan and other apes (except other
species of orangutan), or a gorilla andother apes (except the other species of
gorilla).
What distinguishes humans physically from our closestrelatives, the chimps and
bonobos, are:
Lower back, pelvis, legs and feet are a slightlydifferent shape as an
adaptation for more bipedal motion(otherapes can also walk bipedally, but not
as fast or as long).
Slightly more dexterous hands, with longer thumbs.
Proportionately longer legs and shorter arms.
Much finer hair except for the head, face, armpits andgroin (humans, at least
some ethnicities of human,have as much body hair as a chimp does but much
finer), also generally more facial hair in males and less in females.
Larger, morefrontally-placed genitalia in males and, in females, larger breasts
andsmaller, less colourful buttocks. Smaller face and jaw and larger,
smoothercranium. Slightly different voice box.
My note- Due to hormone changes the facial hairbecomes more black in young
females, giving beauty with curly black hair insides, and slightly black thin
hair belownose. But after menstruation for many women thick black hair appears
above chinand grey hair in lower face. Even applying turmeric there is not much
stoppageof growth.
Q3 What are some tips for traveling inair-conditioned (AC) coaches on
Indian Railways?
A3 Pintu, Lives in India(1995–present)Mon
Traveling in ACcoaches in Indian Railways gives you better experience and some
safety becauseYou will not disturbed by some external person like Chakka and
outsource localfood sales man and also persontraveling with your coaches
generally educated and good behaviour so people chosetraveling in AC good and
comfortable. But Prices of AC coaches ishigher or twice and more than price of
sleeper coaches. But in some cases youmight get chance of traveling in AC 3
tier with the price of paying SL classes.
If you booked yourticket online and you ticked the options of “Auto
upgradation" whilefilling passengers details page in IRCTC App or Website,
suppose your ticket showingwaiting before chart preparation and AC 3 tier have
some seat available thenyour ticket is confirmed in AC coach. I also used this
trick whilebooking waiting ticket from Bengaluru to Patna and luckily I got my
ticketconfirmed in AC. But it will not work always.
Another way to travel in AC coach by approaching TTE andask for seat in AC
coach. if available, TTE will giveyou a seat but you have to pay extra charges.
Suppose you have SL waiting ticket and TTE is ready forgiving you seat in AC 3
tier then you have to pay difference fare of AC birthand SL birth ticket which
you have, and TTE will give you a manualslip with seal which entitled you to
travel with given seat. Don’t forget toask for slip when you paying extra fare.
Sometime in longjourney train like Patna to Bengaluru some ticket is booked for
partial journeylike Patna to Chennai and after that many seat is vacant from
Chennai toBengaluru if you required ticket in between these station then you
should bookaccordingly by checking it online and you will get confirmed ticket.
On the date of any festival like Vijaydasmi in Durga Pujaor On Deepawali day,
long journey train have many seat vacant in AC coaches andyou easily get
confirmed ticket in AC coaches also some lower price sometimes.
These are some tipsfor traveling in AC coach which I used to travel in case of
emergency and longjourney. Thank you.
My note- Butthe fortune is to those in waiting list or last minute booked, and
notto passengers who booked very early due to software inadequacy.A good
software must allot upper class for the earliest booked in lowerclass and opted
for class change.
Q4 Which state is number one in India?
A4 Atrangi Duniya, Post Graduate in M.A.from S N D T WOMEN'S
UNIVERSITY MUMBAI (Graduated 2013)Tue
No.1 state inIndia, number one state in India, Kerala no 1, India no 1
education state, no 1state in India 2019, number 1 state in India
This questionarises in every true Indian who loves his country. But frankly
speaking, this question(No.1state in India) is not that simple to ans also not
that hard.
There are many parameters on which every state can be answered.Also, the size
of the state, population, andculture speak a lot.
Eg. Maharastra and Rajasthan are hardto govern as they both have big
populations and sizes.While States like Goa, Sikkim, Haryana, and Punjab are
quite easy to governcompare to big States.
Basic parameters that are taken into consideration areHDI, GDP, GNP, PPI, and
PAC. Also crime, terrorism, andwomen’s safety effects new developments and
tourism.
Here are somestates ranked On Study of Government and various Experts in a
ranking of Top 3.
Top 3 States in terms of Economy
1. Maharastra 2. Tamil Nadu 3.Karnataka
Top 3 States in terms of Infrastructure
1. Gujarat 2. TamilNadu 3. Punjab
Top 3 states in terms of Agriculture
1. Punjab 2.Haryana 3. Uttar Pradesh
Top 3 States in terms of Education
1. Kerala 2.Himachal Pradesh 3. Tamil Nadu
Top 3 states in terms of Health
1. Jammu andKashmir 2. Kerala 3. Himachal Pradesh
Top 3 States in terms of Law and Order
1. Tamil Nadu 2.Kerala3. Maharastra
Top 3 States in terms of Governance
1. Kerala 2.Rajasthan 3. Maharastra
Top 3 States in terms of Inclusive development
1. Chattisgarh 2.West Bengal 3. Andhra Pradesh
Top 3 States in terms of Entrepreneurship
1. Haryana 2.Karnataka 3. Tamil Nadu
Top 3 States in terms of Tourism
1. Tamil Nadu 2.Uttar Pradesh 3. Maharastra
According to my studies here are the top states in India.Maharastra Kerala
Tamil Nadu Karnataka Gujarat Punjab West Bengal Telangana
Expertsare in favour and say Kerala is the best state in India. No doubt it is
bestbut when it comes to various parameters, there are more than 20 parameters.
AndKerala lacks in some points.
No state cancome top in all those 20 parameters.
There are some states like Kerala, Punjab, and Maharastrawhich are developed in
every part. If we take simpleeg of all these 3 states ruralpeople understand
industrialization and basic English.
Some Important Points of all States.
Maharastra:-Industrialization
Karnataka:- ITSector Kerala:- Tourism
Tamil Nadu:- AutoSector
Punjab andHaryana:- Agriculture
Gujarat:- PrimarySector Madhya Pradesh:- Forest
Uttar Pradesh:-Milk and Sugar
Jammu and Kashmir:-Tourism
If we overview on basis of the Overall economy and GDPthen Maharastra and Tamil
Nadu top. But it’s unfair to compare them with small states as they have a
bigpopulation which indirectly helps them top.
So here GDP percapita would be right to check. Here Delhi and Kerala rank no.1.
So theconclusion here is Delhi and Kerala are financially strong including
theirpeople too.
The fastest-growingGDP is of Andhra Pradesh, which is about 16 %. 2nd rank is
of Jammu andKashmir.
Let’s seeanother factor of Unemployment where the lowest Unemployment rate is
ofKarnataka of0.9according to 2015-2016 data.
Human DevelopmentIndex is the biggest and main Factor to understand the
development of anyState, Nation, or City.
It is measured onthree parameters they are education, per capita, and health.
Here Kerala tops no. 1 positionwhile Delhi is 2nd.
In terms of Sexratio, there are only afew States and UTs where females are more
than men. They are Kerala witha sex ratio of 1084 and Pondicerry with a sex
ratio of 1032.
Now we will looktowards the Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index which measures what
poverty thereis. It checks on 10 basic daily life indicators.
Kerala again ranks with the lowest no.
In terms ofelectrification where we check how many homes get lights in the
States, there Kerala and Andhra Pradeshtop with 99 %.
In terms ofForests, it is basic to know that all North Eastern states will top
but hereMizoram is the best in all others with 90 % of the forest.
In terms of theOverall Environmental Index Arunachal Pradesh ranks no. 1 while
Mizoram is 2nd.
In terms ofdoing Business 1st rank is Gujarat and 2nd in Andhra Pradesh.
In terms ofcrime rate, Kerala stands no 1 with about 455 cases per 1 lakh. You
might getshocked by this but at least in Kerala cases are filed.
In many stateswhich has more crime, people don’t file cases and we think there
is less crime.
In terms ofinfrastructure development which includes roads, transport, and many
more whichhave Andhra Pradeshbest and 2nd in Maharashtra.
According to my, there is no one state to be called asbest.As India is a
much-diversified country to live in and there is a differentculture here.
My note- In case of roadways Kerala is worst nowbecause of the floods and
rains. In Tamilnadu many state highwayslooks better than NH
Q5 What tactics can a middle class familyuse to save money?
A5 Tania, Traveller, reader, foodie, lifecoach and so much more Jan 6
Stop running after branded clothes, bags,accessories. These items can be easily
bought from local shops at lower pricesand will be equally good. You can
splurge on branded shoes and watches as theywill be more reliable and can last
for a long time.
Move a chunk of your salary each month intosavings in the form of index funds,
FD, RD, mutual funds etc. mandatorily onyour payday.
Don’t take up any loans or use your credit card unlessthere is an emergency.
Wait for movies to come on OTT platforms and thenwatch them from the comfort of
your home.
Do your grocery shopping from DMart to save bigbucks on grocery.
Don’t get trapped with marketing gimmicks whileshopping. Make a list before
stepping out and stick to it religiously.
Relish dosas, pav bhaji, chhole bhature, chat etc atfood courts or in family
restaurants rather than going to fancy fine dine restaurants whereyou pay a lot
and get tiny portions of neatly garnished food.
Opt for bus, metro, local train, rickshaw whiletravelling within the city.
Stay away from alcohol, cigarettes and drugs tosave your health as well as
money.
Always have a health and life insurance policy foryour family to prevent all
your savings from getting wiped out in times ofdistress.
All the above QA are from Quora website on 12-01- 2023.
Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers .
Compiled andposted by R. Gopala krishnan, former ITS on 13-01-2023
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