CULTURAL QA 01-2023-07 BEING ACOMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS
Q1 How did ancient peoples build largestructures like bridges and theatres that today require simulation software toget right? Was there trial and error involved? A1 Dian Ardiansyah, Updated 3y No need for software if you can learn from nature, atleast that's what my ancestors did. Take the ancientTemple of Borobudur for example. Borobudur -Wikipedia If this colossalstructure were to be build today the amount of computation and simulationrequired to complete it would be very great. But because therewere no computers in the 9th century what my ancestors did to complete thisbeautiful edifice was quite amazing in it self. They learned from observation and harnessing everythingthat nature has given them in order to complete this temple. Borobudur islocated on the South Central part of Java. It's location pretty much dictateshow or with what the temple is going to be build. Since volcanoes dotted the landscape the builderchoose Andesite as the main building blocks. Andesite - Wikipedia Andesite is a very light volcanic rock. On averagebetween 20% to 40% of the rock's volume is actually air due to the pores.These pores came from the way the rock were born inside the belly of a volcano.Because there were a lot of it lying around, using Andesite would be a no brainier instead ofimporting a more robust type of rock from outside the region. On average the weight of individual stones in Borobudurrarely exceeds 9 kg. Meaning it would be very efficientand cheap to build the temple. Another trick thatmy ancestors deployed in order to finish the job is the involvement of a mortar free constructionmethod. Today, despite our technologicaladvances, mortar free construction is still rare. From small simplehomes to tall skyscrapers, nearly all used mortars. But Borobudur and manyother ancient structures in Java are actually free from mortar. How? By using spacial imagination. They used interlocking mechanisms to getthe stones in place and support each other. By joining the stonesthis way there's no need for a complex computation or mathematicalequations toget the job done. The simply used their imagination. Why mortar free? Because of the nature of Java. Java is tropical.It's hot and humid all year round. When it rains it pours down heavily. Imaginewhat would have happened to a mortar if exposed to these tropical elements fora prolonged period of time. The mortar would be rotting away leaving the integrity of Borobudurjeopardized. Not to mention Javais prone to periodical volcanic eruptions and large earthquakes. Sulfur contained in the volcanic ash would literallydissolve mortars, while during earthquakes, mortarswould break and caused the structure to break with it. That's why evenafter 1000 year Borobudur and other ancient temples in Java still stands firm.If an earthquake knock down the structure, people would simply put the piecesback together like Lego bricks. The absence of mortar allows this to happen. Ancientstructure does not necessarily mean that it's primitive and built by primitivepeople.On the contrary, many of these ancient buildings, at least in my country werebuilt with sustainability, efficiency and safety in mind. It's incredible tothink that people in the past don't need a complex or fancy software in orderto build a lasting structure. My note- I had a Divisional engineer at Salem, a BScgraduate, who had wider knowledge and ability to get things done by widerknowledge comparing tohis colleagues with BE qualification. He used to tell in some contexts- With what engineering qualification Thomas Alwa Edission invented theelectric bulb???.His name was alsoNarayaswamy Q2 What physical characteristics makehumans different from all species of apes? Do we share any physicalcharacteristics with one or more species of apes? A2 Claire Jordan, Degree in biology andfolklore; programmer, shop owner, secretary on newspaper Dec 30 None, because humans are a type of ape.The differences between us and other apes are no greater than between anorangutan and other apes (except other species of orangutan), or a gorilla andother apes (except the other species of gorilla). What distinguishes humans physically from our closestrelatives, the chimps and bonobos, are: Lower back, pelvis, legs and feet are a slightlydifferent shape as an adaptation for more bipedal motion(otherapes can also walk bipedally, but not as fast or as long). Slightly more dexterous hands, with longer thumbs. Proportionately longer legs and shorter arms. Much finer hair except for the head, face, armpits andgroin (humans, at least some ethnicities of human,have as much body hair as a chimp does but much finer), also generally more facial hair in males and less in females. Larger, morefrontally-placed genitalia in males and, in females, larger breasts andsmaller, less colourful buttocks. Smaller face and jaw and larger, smoothercranium. Slightly different voice box. My note- Due to hormone changes the facial hairbecomes more black in young females, giving beauty with curly black hair insides, and slightly black thin hair belownose. But after menstruation for many women thick black hair appears above chinand grey hair in lower face. Even applying turmeric there is not much stoppageof growth. Q3 What are some tips for traveling inair-conditioned (AC) coaches on Indian Railways? A3 Pintu, Lives in India(1995–present)Mon Traveling in ACcoaches in Indian Railways gives you better experience and some safety becauseYou will not disturbed by some external person like Chakka and outsource localfood sales man and also persontraveling with your coaches generally educated and good behaviour so people chosetraveling in AC good and comfortable. But Prices of AC coaches ishigher or twice and more than price of sleeper coaches. But in some cases youmight get chance of traveling in AC 3 tier with the price of paying SL classes. If you booked yourticket online and you ticked the options of “Auto upgradation" whilefilling passengers details page in IRCTC App or Website, suppose your ticket showingwaiting before chart preparation and AC 3 tier have some seat available thenyour ticket is confirmed in AC coach. I also used this trick whilebooking waiting ticket from Bengaluru to Patna and luckily I got my ticketconfirmed in AC. But it will not work always. Another way to travel in AC coach by approaching TTE andask for seat in AC coach. if available, TTE will giveyou a seat but you have to pay extra charges. Suppose you have SL waiting ticket and TTE is ready forgiving you seat in AC 3 tier then you have to pay difference fare of AC birthand SL birth ticket which you have, and TTE will give you a manualslip with seal which entitled you to travel with given seat. Don’t forget toask for slip when you paying extra fare. Sometime in longjourney train like Patna to Bengaluru some ticket is booked for partial journeylike Patna to Chennai and after that many seat is vacant from Chennai toBengaluru if you required ticket in between these station then you should bookaccordingly by checking it online and you will get confirmed ticket. On the date of any festival like Vijaydasmi in Durga Pujaor On Deepawali day, long journey train have many seat vacant in AC coaches andyou easily get confirmed ticket in AC coaches also some lower price sometimes. These are some tipsfor traveling in AC coach which I used to travel in case of emergency and longjourney. Thank you. My note- Butthe fortune is to those in waiting list or last minute booked, and notto passengers who booked very early due to software inadequacy.A good software must allot upper class for the earliest booked in lowerclass and opted for class change. Q4 Which state is number one in India? A4 Atrangi Duniya, Post Graduate in M.A.from S N D T WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY MUMBAI (Graduated 2013)Tue No.1 state inIndia, number one state in India, Kerala no 1, India no 1 education state, no 1state in India 2019, number 1 state in India This questionarises in every true Indian who loves his country. But frankly speaking, this question(No.1state in India) is not that simple to ans also not that hard. There are many parameters on which every state can be answered.Also, the size of the state, population, andculture speak a lot. Eg. Maharastra and Rajasthan are hardto govern as they both have big populations and sizes.While States like Goa, Sikkim, Haryana, and Punjab are quite easy to governcompare to big States. Basic parameters that are taken into consideration areHDI, GDP, GNP, PPI, and PAC. Also crime, terrorism, andwomen’s safety effects new developments and tourism. Here are somestates ranked On Study of Government and various Experts in a ranking of Top 3. Top 3 States in terms of Economy 1. Maharastra 2. Tamil Nadu 3.Karnataka Top 3 States in terms of Infrastructure 1. Gujarat 2. TamilNadu 3. Punjab Top 3 states in terms of Agriculture 1. Punjab 2.Haryana 3. Uttar Pradesh Top 3 States in terms of Education 1. Kerala 2.Himachal Pradesh 3. Tamil Nadu Top 3 states in terms of Health 1. Jammu andKashmir 2. Kerala 3. Himachal Pradesh Top 3 States in terms of Law and Order 1. Tamil Nadu 2.Kerala3. Maharastra Top 3 States in terms of Governance 1. Kerala 2.Rajasthan 3. Maharastra Top 3 States in terms of Inclusive development 1. Chattisgarh 2.West Bengal 3. Andhra Pradesh Top 3 States in terms of Entrepreneurship 1. Haryana 2.Karnataka 3. Tamil Nadu Top 3 States in terms of Tourism 1. Tamil Nadu 2.Uttar Pradesh 3. Maharastra According to my studies here are the top states in India.Maharastra Kerala Tamil Nadu Karnataka Gujarat Punjab West Bengal Telangana Expertsare in favour and say Kerala is the best state in India. No doubt it is bestbut when it comes to various parameters, there are more than 20 parameters. AndKerala lacks in some points. No state cancome top in all those 20 parameters. There are some states like Kerala, Punjab, and Maharastrawhich are developed in every part. If we take simpleeg of all these 3 states ruralpeople understand industrialization and basic English. Some Important Points of all States. Maharastra:-Industrialization Karnataka:- ITSector Kerala:- Tourism Tamil Nadu:- AutoSector Punjab andHaryana:- Agriculture Gujarat:- PrimarySector Madhya Pradesh:- Forest Uttar Pradesh:-Milk and Sugar Jammu and Kashmir:-Tourism If we overview on basis of the Overall economy and GDPthen Maharastra and Tamil Nadu top. But it’s unfair to compare them with small states as they have a bigpopulation which indirectly helps them top. So here GDP percapita would be right to check. Here Delhi and Kerala rank no.1. So theconclusion here is Delhi and Kerala are financially strong including theirpeople too. The fastest-growingGDP is of Andhra Pradesh, which is about 16 %. 2nd rank is of Jammu andKashmir. Let’s seeanother factor of Unemployment where the lowest Unemployment rate is ofKarnataka of0.9according to 2015-2016 data. Human DevelopmentIndex is the biggest and main Factor to understand the development of anyState, Nation, or City. It is measured onthree parameters they are education, per capita, and health. Here Kerala tops no. 1 positionwhile Delhi is 2nd. In terms of Sexratio, there are only afew States and UTs where females are more than men. They are Kerala witha sex ratio of 1084 and Pondicerry with a sex ratio of 1032. Now we will looktowards the Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index which measures what poverty thereis. It checks on 10 basic daily life indicators. Kerala again ranks with the lowest no. In terms ofelectrification where we check how many homes get lights in the States, there Kerala and Andhra Pradeshtop with 99 %. In terms ofForests, it is basic to know that all North Eastern states will top but hereMizoram is the best in all others with 90 % of the forest. In terms of theOverall Environmental Index Arunachal Pradesh ranks no. 1 while Mizoram is 2nd. In terms ofdoing Business 1st rank is Gujarat and 2nd in Andhra Pradesh. In terms ofcrime rate, Kerala stands no 1 with about 455 cases per 1 lakh. You might getshocked by this but at least in Kerala cases are filed. In many stateswhich has more crime, people don’t file cases and we think there is less crime. In terms ofinfrastructure development which includes roads, transport, and many more whichhave Andhra Pradeshbest and 2nd in Maharashtra. According to my, there is no one state to be called asbest.As India is a much-diversified country to live in and there is a differentculture here. My note- In case of roadways Kerala is worst nowbecause of the floods and rains. In Tamilnadu many state highwayslooks better than NH Q5 What tactics can a middle class familyuse to save money? A5 Tania, Traveller, reader, foodie, lifecoach and so much more Jan 6 Stop running after branded clothes, bags,accessories. These items can be easily bought from local shops at lower pricesand will be equally good. You can splurge on branded shoes and watches as theywill be more reliable and can last for a long time. Move a chunk of your salary each month intosavings in the form of index funds, FD, RD, mutual funds etc. mandatorily onyour payday. Don’t take up any loans or use your credit card unlessthere is an emergency. Wait for movies to come on OTT platforms and thenwatch them from the comfort of your home. Do your grocery shopping from DMart to save bigbucks on grocery. Don’t get trapped with marketing gimmicks whileshopping. Make a list before stepping out and stick to it religiously. Relish dosas, pav bhaji, chhole bhature, chat etc atfood courts or in family restaurants rather than going to fancy fine dine restaurants whereyou pay a lot and get tiny portions of neatly garnished food. Opt for bus, metro, local train, rickshaw whiletravelling within the city. Stay away from alcohol, cigarettes and drugs tosave your health as well as money. Always have a health and life insurance policy foryour family to prevent all your savings from getting wiped out in times ofdistress. All the above QA are from Quora website on 12-01- 2023. Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers . Compiled andposted by R. Gopala krishnan, former ITS on 13-01-2023 -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/1354359390.466439.1673580417511%40mail.yahoo.com.
