CULTURAL QA 02-2023-16 BEING A COMPILATIONTHERE MAY BE ERRORS
Q1 Why does the Indian Railways want toremove pantry cars from all trains? A1 INDIAN-RAIL,Posted by Subrahmanyam S Feb10. Original poster-Dharani Sathwik Ram, Interested in functioning of IndianRailways2y There are manyreasons to remove Pantry Cars from the rake of a passenger train. I will listthem below. Reduce Fire Accidents — Even though theaccidents due to fire and gas explosion are very rare in Pantry cars, IR isplanning to remove them. This reduces the probability of fire accident from aPantry Car will be ZERO. More Coaches for Passengers — IncreasingPopulation in India and the demand that is growing constantly for the RailwayTravel demands the IR to add additional coaches to the rakes. Considering theconstraint of the length of the train rake, it's not possible to add additionalcoaches. ICF rake can only have 24 coaches and LHB rake can only have 22coaches at most. The length is restricted due to the length of platformsavailable in India and also the pulling power of the locomotive hauling therake at suitable speed of around 120 kmph. Advanced Food Delivery systems — Recently E-cateringand Onboard catering are the trends in the food delivery system in the IR. Onecan place a food order online and in the upcoming stop, E-catering guys reachthe coach and deliver the order concerned. And the onboard catering guys travelfrom station A to station B selling their good food on the train. So thiseliminates the need for a Pantry Car. Other interesting fact — In premium trains and mostof the Superfast trains, food made in pantry car is supposed to be served onlyto the 1AC travellers and seldom to 2AC travellers. So, pantry car deliversfood for limited number of passengers on certain trains. So, this is anotherreason to remove the Pantry Car coach from the rake of a passenger train. Reduce Pollution — Due to the invasion of LHBcoaches into the railways and the incapablity of those coaches to produce thepower of their own, EOGs are added to the rake on either end. The noise and airpollution is too high and this is inevitable for some time until HoG technologyis used widely. The pollution from the EOGs is inevitable. So removing PantryCars from the same rake reduces the air pollution by a bit. More income tothe Railways — Adding AC coaches not only serves passengers but also increasesthe income of the Railways. ***What about the employees of the Pantry car ? — Theseemployees are private workers and it doesn't affect theeconomy of the Railways adversely. They can always work in the kitchensstationed at major railway stations. I guess I havecovered almost all of the major aspects of removing a pantry car from apassenger train Rake. If I missed something, please mention them in comments. My note- There was catering department and stillthe employees are not retired fully. I think they are given placement somewhereelse. My late elder brotherwas a pensioner and was a catering manager on retirement. Now most are owned by IRCTC and few byprivate parties. However from base kitchenwe get quality items, 95% not hot. 5% warm from base kitchens. Q2 What are some interesting facts aboutants? A2 The Love of Wildlife, Posted by RichardStrachan 21h 1. Ants do not havelungs.2. Ants do not have ears. 3. Ants arefarmers.4. Ants have two stomachs. 5. Ants can swim.6.Ants are slave owners. 7. Ants are as old as dinosaurs. 8. There are morethan 12,000 species of ants worldwide. 9. An ant can lift20 times its body weight. 10. Some queen antscan live for years and have millions of offspring. 11. When ants fight, they usually fight to the death. 12. When thecolony's queen dies, the colony can only survive for a few months. 13. Ants can livefor two hours without oxygen. 14. Ants have no blood! “If an ant carries an object a hundred timesits weight, you can carry burdens many times your size.” All good work isdone the way ants do things: Little by little.When many work together for agoal, Great things may be accomplished. Q3 Why don't they put rubber on traintrack wheels so they can grip the rail better and pull box cars up overmountains and hillsides? A3 Thats-Insane, Posted by HeatherMonahan Jan 30 Ferenc Valenta, Natural born engineer1y “Why don't they put rubber on train trackwheels so they can grip the rail better and pull box cars up over mountains andhillsides?” That’s a different transportation technology: roads.It works, but requires roughly ten times more power and energy to keepthe vehicle moving, despite the much lower empty weight of the vehicle.Railways are expensive to build, but in the long term they spare a lot ofenergy, and electrification has been solved for decades by now! Rubber-wheeledtrains are used where noise and vibrations are more problematic than the powerrequirements. Parismetro, Munchen airport subway to the satellite terminals and so on. One possible solution is using a rack and pinion-likesystem:And the axles of the train: This is the“Fogaskerekű” train in Budapest (Hungary). It climbs very steep hills that areproblematic for rubber-wheeled vehicles, too. Q4 How and why was the world's mostfamous pre-Columbian city Machu Picchu built? A4 Matt Riggsby, MA ArchaeologicalStudies, Boston University21h Machu Picchu wasn’t a city. It was essentially a countryvilla or summer palace for the rule of the Inca empireabouta half-century before the Spanish showed up. Because it was a royal residence, it’s a substantial sitewith a lot of room for people to stay, but it’s not even close to beinga full-blown city. How was it built? With a lot of manual labor to dragstones around, chip and grind them into shape, and to stackthem up into buildings. Ittook skill and effort but not a lot of complex technology. Q5 Why is the Earth's oxygen notdepleted? A5 Scott Parikh, Feb 2 Many peoplethink that the Amazon is the lungs of the world. It's actually just a piece ofa much bigger cycle. The fact is that most of the oxygen produced on the planet comes from a being calleddiatom, which is a kind of microscopic plankton and exists by the billions inthe ocean. Watch the episode ofthe new Netflix series “one strange rock” where he talks about oxygen anddiatoms. Or just Google that term and you'll understand how the great oxygencycle works (which isn't what you were told at school). Q6 What are some of the mostmind-blowing facts about the United States? A6 Human Psychology Stories, Posted by AghaKhan Feb 13 Orginally posted byFrank Odindo, Researcher at Kenya Researchers Limited (2013–present)3y Nigeria is by far Africa’s largest economy. It is estimated tohave a nominal GDP of $447 billion, nearly $100 billion more than thesecond-placed South Africa. Billionaire investors such as Dangote have continued toinvest in multiple industries, helping the country grow.His company is even building an oil refinery, and for that he has decided tobuy this world’s largest regenerator, which was hauled to site using a trailerwith 300 tires. It has 190 millionpeople and 110 million of them are in active working to build this economy. Ofcourse, it is Africa’s largest oil producer. Despite all this, the economy of Nigeria is still smaller….. My note- Iunderstand our Samsung and LG AC are products fromNigeria. Now mostly assembled in India. Q7 How do you refill a steam locomotivetank with water and coal? A7 Paul Jacob, Veteran of many HeritageRailways, as well as luxury rail18h Originally, everylocomotive yard had a coaling tower, and a water tower. Coal would be dropped into theTender, and water through a hose attached to a water tower There were alsowater troughs on some routes, where a scoop could be dropped from the tender,and refill Now, coal isusually loaded with a Grab truck..And water via hydrants, although manyheritage railways still have the water tower. My note- I recollect Chennai- Trivandrummetergauge train was given halt at Sankaran kovil on the agreement, water fillingto the engine can be done there ( also to compartments) Q8 How does increasing the size of themetal decrease its resistance to electricity? A8 L CHETAN KUMAR, Bsc in Physics &Electronics, JSS College, Ooty Road, Mysore (Expected 2025)Wed Increasing the sizeof a metal conductor decreases its resistance to electricity because the resistance of a metal conductoris inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area. This is dueto the fact that resistance is a property of the material itself, and isaffected by the geometry of the conductor. When an electriccurrent flows through a metal conductor, it encounters resistance from themetal atoms that make up the conductor. The resistance iscaused by collisions between the electrons and the metal atoms, which slow downthe flow of electrons and dissipate some of the energy as heat. As thecross-sectional area of the conductor increases, there is more space for theelectrons to flow through, which reduces the likelihood of collisions betweenthe electrons and the metal atoms. This in turn reduces theoverall resistance of the conductor. This relationshipbetween resistance and cross-sectional area is described by the formula: R = ρ L / A where R is the resistance of the conductor, ρ is theresistivity of the metal, L is the length of the conductor, and A is thecross-sectional area of the conductor. As can be seenfrom the formula, increasing the cross-sectional area of the conductor (A) willdecrease its resistance (R), assuming the length of the conductor and theresistivity of the metal remain constant. My note- Makes me recollect Modern physicsstudied in the final year of my BSc degree course in 1964. Q9 How far away from train tracks shouldyou live to eliminate the risk of train derailments leading to boxcars hittingyour house, impact of chemical spills, etc? A9 Don Bruck, Semi-Retired(2020–present)15h For most of myearly years we lived not far from train tracks. into the creek we lived theclosest, about 100–150yards away, there was a derailment. The cars didn’t gofar from the tracks, and nowhere near our house. About 1986 therewas a derailment just outside of Dayton OH. It was probably 5–10 miles from ourapartment. We were evacuated because when the chemicals spilled into the creekthey combusted. My note-Especially in Quilon and Ernakulam, we can see homes even at 5-10 metres from the railway border. Theysurely experience vibration. Q10 What does the fouling mark in railwaytracks signify? A10 INDIAN-RAIL,re-posted by Subrahmanyam SThu originally posted- Prashant Tiwari, IndianRailways Enthusiast3y If you are a frequenttraveller or a good observer then I sm sure you have seen “ Fouling Mark” sign at the bothends of the railway station. Ever wondered aboutthe significance of this mark? This mark is used near the points (i.e., where two tracksmerge ) to avoid collision. It is strictly instructed to the loco pilots and guardsto stop their train beyond this fouling mark and it is the duty of the guard tocheck whether the train standing on loop line or main line has crossed thismark or not . In case if thetrain is not beyond the fouling mark ,it may result into collision. All the above QA are from Quora website on 19-02-2023 Quora answers need not be100% correct answers . Compiled and posted by R. Gopala Krishnan,79 years, on 20-02-2023 -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/680642163.2532629.1676853194717%40mail.yahoo.com.
