Mukthi 1 Verse 272 vivka chudamani by Adi Shankara
संसारकारागृहमोक्षमिच्छोर् अयोमायां पादनिबन्धशृङ्खलम् । वदन्ति तज्ज्ञाः पटु वासनात्रयं योऽस्माद्विमुक्तः समुपैति मुक्तिम् ॥ २७२ ॥ saṃsāra kārāgṛha mokṣami cchor ayo Māyāṃ pādani bandhaśṛ ṅkhalam | vadanti tajjñāḥ paṭu vāsanā trayaṃ yo's mādvi muktaḥ samupaiti muktim || 272 || 272. For one who seeks deliverance from the prison of this world (Samsara), those three desires have been designated by the wise as strong iron fetters to shackle one’s feet. He who is free from them truly attains to Liberation. 2 Verse 337 देहादिसंसक्तिमतो न मुक्तिः मुक्तस्य देहाद्यभिमत्यभावः । सुप्तस्य नो जागरणं न जाग्रतः स्वप्नस्तयोर्भिन्नगुणाश्रयत्वात् ॥ ३३७ ॥ dehādisaṃsaktimato na muktiḥ muktasya dehādyabhimatyabhāvaḥ | suptasya no jāgaraṇaṃ na jāgrataḥ svapnastayorbhinnaguṇāśrayatvāt || 337 || 337. There is no Liberation for one who has attachment to the body etc., and the liberated man has no identification with the body etc. The sleeping man is not awake, nor is the waking man asleep, for these two states are contradictory in nature. 3 The Supreme Lord activates the previous *karmas <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/karma#vaishnavism>* of the living entities and situates them on the path of liberation. This is done according to (1) their eligibility, (2) their previous *karmas*, and (3) their present endeavours (*ādhunika*). According to the eligibility and previous *karma <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/karma#vaishnavism>*, the Supreme Lord allows the *jīva <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/jiva#vaishnavism>* to perform the present (*ādhunika*) deeds. In this way, He gives result according to these three functions or *sādhana <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sadhana#vaishnavism>* processes. Cultivation of devotional service, such as worshiping <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/worshipping#history> the *guru <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/guru#vaishnavism>*, hearing the scripture, meditation <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/meditation#history>, *kīrtana <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kirtana#vaishnavism>* and so forth, is included in present endeavour. Following these three *sādhana* processes, the Supreme Lord unfolds the *svarūpa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/svarupa#vaishnavism>* of the living beings. 4 After uncovering the subtle, or *liṅga <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/linga#vaishnavism>*, body, the real position of the *jīva’s* eternal constitutional *svarūpa* is revealed through devotional processes performed by *sāttvika <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sattvika#vaishnavism>* people. That real position is attaining the service of Lord Viṣṇu <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vishnu#vaishnavism> and is called liberation (*mukti <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mukti#vaishnavism>*). Thus, liberation comes only by the devotional process and not by any other method. Constitutional differences surely exist, even in the liberated stage. Due to these constitutional differences, there are also differences in constitutional knowledge, and in the expressions and emotions of pleasure. 5 Mukthi @ Moksha is the highest exaltation of the self in its pristine nature of supreme perfection. Emancipation is the Consciousness of the Reality not becoming something which previously did not exist not travelling to another world of greater joy. It is the knowledge of eternal existence, the awareness of the essential nature of Pure Being. It is the Freedom attained by knowing that we are always free. Knowledge is not merely the cause for freedom' it is itself freedom. Moksha consists in Jnana (Knowledge) and is not the effect or product of Jnana. Jnana is Existence itself, and hence it cannot be a means to attain Jnana of Existence. which is Moksha, as a thing does not attain itself. Chit is the same as *Sat*. To *be* what is, is Moksha. It is to realise one's Self, to be *Oneself*, and to be Oneself is to be the All. 6 "There is no consciousness after death (of individuality)," says Yajnavalkya. Since Consciousness alone is the entirety of being, there is no consciousness of anything objective in the highest state. It is the Fullness of Perfect Existence. It is, but is not anything; it sees, but sees not anything; it hears, but hears not anything; it knows, but knows not anything. It does not go to where it was not, it does not get what it did not have. Even the expression "It knew only itself" (Brih. Up., I. 4. 10) is an understatement of Truth, for it implies self-consciousness which is the characteristic of Ishvara and not Brahman. Brahman does not know, for it is knowledge; It does not enjoy, for it is enjoyment; It is not "existent" but "existence". It is non-material, has no contact with any objective being. "It eats nothing; no one eats it". It is the supreme "incorporeal which pain and pleasure do not touch." The realisation of the Self is in a way like the shining of the sun when the clouds no more cover him. It is the regaining of originality in the absolute sense. It is "quenching the fire of death with the water of knowledge" (Brih. Up., III. 2. 11). It is deathless impersonality of conscious nature, not merely living as an eternal person. A person, even the absolute person (Ishvara), is non-eternal. 7 Moksha is neither a mass of consciousness nor self-consciousness. It is the very life and order of the universe, ever present, unchanging. It transcends even the sense of immortality which, also, is conceptual. The Light of the Absolute puts an end to all relative existence, and the world does not exist even as a remembrance. There is no such thing as inert, inanimate, dead matter or blind force. It is all Supreme Force, Knowledge and Bliss without motion of mind. There are no planes of existence, no states of- consciousness, no degrees of reality. This is the most blessed and supreme state of absolute freedom and conscious eternal life, not merely a conviction but actual being. If Liberation means the highest Knowledge of God, then, to live in the same world as God's, to live near to God, and to have a form similar to God's, and yet to be different from God, can only be lesser than Liberation, because God is not one of many individuals, not a Samsari, but the only existing Absolute Individual, and to have any relation with Him is to know Him, and to know Him is to be one with Him, and to be one with Him is not to perceive duality. The knowledge of God or Ishvara, which these souls in Brahmaloka on the path of Krama-Mukti have, is only an approximation to Ishvara-Consciousness, but is not the same as that. Hence these souls are neither omnipotent nor omniscient, though they have full freedom as far as their enjoyments within their circles are concerned. There does not arise the question of the conflict that may crop up among the liberated souls endowed with the power of creation, preservation and destruction, if all souls are one with Ishvara. To be endowed with the same power and knowledge as God is to be non-different beings forming a One-Whole which is God. 8 Bhagavad Gita, Chapter XIII "The Holy One said, 'This body, O son of Kunti <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kunti#vaishnavism>, is called *Kshetra <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kshetra#vaishnavism>*. Him who knows it, the learned call *Kshetrajna <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kshetrajna#vaishnavism>*. Know me, O Bharata <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/bharata#vaishnavism>, to be *Kshetras <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kshetra#vaishnavism>*. The knowledge of *Kshetra* and *Kshetrajna* I regard to be (true) knowledge. What that *Kshetra* (is), and what (it is) like, and what changes it undergoes, and whence (it comes), what is he (*viz.*, *Kshetrajna*), and what his powers are, hear from me in brief. All this has in many ways been sung separately, by *Rishis <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/rishi#vaishnavism>* in various verses, in well-settled texts fraught with reason and giving indications of *Brahman <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/brahman#vaishnavism>*. The great elements, egoism, intellect, the unmanifest (*viz.*, *Prakriti <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/prakriti#vaishnavism>*), also the ten senses, the one (manas <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/manas#purana>), the five objects of sense, desire, aversion, pleasure, pain, body consciousness, courage,—all this in brief has been declared to be Kshetra in its modified form. 8A Absence of vanity, absence of ostentation, abstention from injury, forgiveness, uprightness, devotion to preceptor, purity, constancy, self-restraint, indifference to objects of sense, absence of egoism, perception of the misery and evil of birth, death, decrepitude and disease freedom from attachment, absence of sympathy for son, wife, home, and the rest, and constant equanimity of heart on attainment of good and evil, unswerving devotion to me without meditation on anything else, frequenting of lonely places, distaste for concourse of men constancy in the knowledge of the relation of the individual self to the supreme, perception of the object of the knowledge of truth,—all this is called Knowledge; all that which is contrary to this is Ignorance. That which is the object of knowledge I will (now) declare (to you), *knowing which one obtains immortality. *Thus *Kshetra*, and Knowledge, and the Object of Knowledge, have been declared (to you) in brief. My devotee, knowing (all) this, becomes one in spirit with me. 9 Mukti kshetra are Punya Kshetras are limited; here the life is only for placing only the devotion. There is no other way of living. There after losing everything out of EGO, all the above stated starts a formation of ending the life there. And because of the active devotion, there is no punar Janma and hence Mukthi. That is the status given in the verses. If these principles enunciated is understandable, one is fir to go to Kanchi, Gaya or Kashi and stay till the end id reached. Punya kshetra is so valuable K RAJARAM IRS 5 1 24 ---------- Forwarded message --------- From: 'N Sekar' via iyer123 <[email protected]> Date: Fri, 5 Jan 2024 at 17:39 Subject: Re: [iyer123] KANCHHEPURAM... To: <[email protected]>, Kerala Iyer <[email protected]> Dear Sri G K Thanks. Liberated means - Soul will not take rebirths - it is the end of BIRTH AND DEATH cycle - No more births and No more deaths - merge with the Supreme. Like I wrote that if a person dies in Kashi his soul is liberated- Attained Mukti. Mukti is not Heaven but is the ultimate as I explained in the first paragraph here. In that sense it is believed that if one visits- just a mere visit to that sacred city will liberate one's Soul. I am not sure I understand what do you mean by purified. Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android <https://mail.onelink.me/107872968?pid=nativeplacement&c=Global_Acquisition_YMktg_315_Internal_EmailSignature&af_sub1=Acquisition&af_sub2=Global_YMktg&af_sub3=&af_sub4=100000604&af_sub5=EmailSignature__Static_> On Fri, Jan 5, 2024 at 5:05 PM, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 <[email protected]> wrote: Dear Mr Sekar, I have read your vivid explanation. My point was Mr V Sridharan posting- mostly forward "on visiting Kanchipuram, a person's *soul is liberated. *How a person's soul can get liberated? Does it means purified?" Mr Sridharan has not replied. As I understand soul liberation means leaving the physical body. That means a person praying at any temple may die at the earliest. I felt better word can be *purified. That is all. * Any way if* it is a forward *Mr V Sridharan need not reply. My point is if it is a forward, just mark it as *forward.* From my part I will not ask any query about forward to the person forwarding. I simply suggest, it could be so. I have done it Gopalakrishnan On Friday, 5 January, 2024 at 01:03:13 pm IST, Narayanaswamy Sekar < [email protected]> wrote: ---------- Forwarded message --------- From: *'N Sekar' via iyer123* <[email protected]> Date: Fri, Jan 5, 2024, 12:47 PM Subject: Re: [iyer123] KANCHHEPURAM... To: <[email protected]>, Kerala Iyer <[email protected]>, Venkat Giri <[email protected]>, Gopa4411 <[email protected]> Thanks. 1. In Kanchi Ekambareswarar Temple there is small shrine for Vishnu and it is considered one of the 108 Divya Desams. 2. Re Sri G K's Query. Soul is the one that gets liberated Sir; Vedanta gives the example, comparing the Soul as the body and the Body as the dress we are wearing - just to highlight the similarity - Read the following. Like the body replaces old, worn out shirts (dress), the Soul also seeks to obtain another body - when the time comes it leaves the body seeking another suitable body, depending on our Karma. Except it does not always wait for the body to get old, but at a predetermined time as per our belief. When our Vasanaas are fully exhausted then the Soul gets liberated ( we call it Mukti) and does not take any more births. It is believed that those who die at Kashi - their souls are liberated and attain Mukti - meaning no more births. That's the reason why many old people want to spend their final days at Kashi but the problem is no one knows when his time will come. In the Manikarnika Ghat on the banks of Maa Ganga, you can see bodies burning 24 /7. The old practices of throwing a half burnt body into the river is now sought to be prevented. After 2014 Kashi has become a new, more environment friendly city. Projects are on going to make it to reclaim it's old Glory as the oldest living city. N Sekar Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android <https://mail.onelink.me/107872968?pid=nativeplacement&c=Global_Acquisition_YMktg_315_Internal_EmailSignature&af_sub1=Acquisition&af_sub2=Global_YMktg&af_sub3=&af_sub4=100000604&af_sub5=EmailSignature__Static_> On Fri, Jan 5, 2024 at 8:20 AM, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 <[email protected]> wrote: Sir, Your forward has stated on visiting Kanchipuram, a person's *soul is liberated. *How a person's soul can get liberated? Does it means purified? Gopalakrishnan On Thursday, 4 January, 2024 at 10:56:41 pm IST, 'venkat giri' via iyer123 < [email protected]> wrote: *Respected Sir/s,* *காஞ்சி மகாபெரியவர் **பூஜ்ய ஸ்ரீ சந்திரசேகரேந்திர சரஸ்வதி சுவாமிகள்!* * · * *#**தமிழகத்தின்**_**காசி எது தெரியுமா..**?* *எல்லா ஊர்களும் ஒவ்வொரு வகையில் சிறப்புப் பெற்றது என்றாலும்**, **சில ஊர்களுக்கு மகான்களாலோ**, **அறிஞர்களாலோ மிகப்பெரிய சிறப்பு ஏற்பட்டு விடுகிறது. * *அந்த வகையில் தமிழகத்தின் மிகச்சிறந்த நகரங்களில் ஒன்றாக விளங்குவது **#**காஞ்சிபுரம். * *ஏனெனில்**, **இங்கு தான் உலகாளும் ஈஸ்வரியான காமாட்சியும்**, **நடமாடும் தெய்வமான காஞ்சி மகாப்பெரியவரும் அருளாட்சி செய்கின்றனர். * *நகரங்களில் மிகவும் சிறந்தது காஞ்சி என்பதை நகரேஷு காஞ்சி என்ற வடமொழிச் சொல் குறிப்பிடுகிறது. * *नगरेषु कांची* *KALIDAS,* *affectionately called by some passionate admirer as the Shakespeare of India* *– himself passionately lauded the South Indian city Kanchipuram when he said:* *“**புஷ்பேஷு ஜாதி. புருஷேஷு விஷ்ணு. நாரீஷு ரம்பா. நகரேஷுகாஞ்சி**”* *“Pushpeshu Jati. Purusheshu Vishnu. Nareeshu Rambha. Nagareshu Kanchi” which means that Jati,* *ஜாதி மல்லிகை** Vishnu, Rambha, and Kanchi are the greatest flowers, man, woman, and city respectively. This jingle is attributed to Kalidasa, a connoisseur of places who might have seen enough of Kanchipuram more than a millennium ago to come up such a crisp verse. Certainly, for over two thousand years, Kanchipuram has been laying down layers of the finest in culture. Even though these earlier days have largely to be surmised, there is plenty of historical documentation about the Pallavas and Cholas, who had a big hand in building the city and its environs.* * The original name of Kanchipuram was Kachchi Managar* *காஞ்சி மாநகர்**. There have been different interpretations of the word kanchi. The Sanskrit term denotes a woman’s waist-girdle. This place was also known as Tondaimandalam **தொண்டை மண்டலம் **in ancient Sangam literature, in which it is, referred to as a forest of kanchi (river Portia) trees. The city itself is referred to as Kachchi in works like Manimekalai. It is located on the Palar River. The famous Sangam classic, Perumbanatruppadai, * *பெரும்பாணாற்றுப்படை**. **describes Kanchi and its king, Ilam Tiraiyan **இளந்திரையன் **thus:* *What we find here is Kalidasa demonstrating the greatness of Kanchi while at that time doing the same to his own rhetoric. In this **what is ‘surprising’ is the fact that we have nearly no traces of Kalidasa having been to the city of Kanchipuram (kalidasa was a poet at the Gupta court in Pataliputra/Patna).* * Reasons for his saying that are not hard to conjecture. Kanchipuram in his days must have been a fabulous city and a fabled city Kanchi finds itself in the list of seven Mokshapuris (therefore, also called Saptapuris). It is said that a devotee’s soul gets liberated directly when he visits a Mokshapuri. * * Beyond doubt, Kanchipuram was more-or-less the city of dreams, hence all the praise from unexpected corners of the Indian map. * * Kanchi is described as a fertile land inhabited by honest, self-esteemed, and particularly courageous people. But the fact that this was a major Buddhist site and an educational hub. * *Archaeological evidence shows that Buddhism was if not the most popular, one of the most prominent religions in the region. * *Kanchi is one of the holiest cities for Hindus in India. Pancha Kanchi is the term used today to describe the quarters of the ancient city that were home to five religious practices (Buddhism, Jainism, Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and Shaktism). * * Varadaraja and Ekambareswara temples are one of the most important for South Indian Vaishnavites and Shaivites respectively. Nevertheless Kamakshi shrine is the most noted attraction here – so much so that Shankara, the great Vedantic theologian established his Peetham (a religious order) here (and this continues today – with undiminished authority). * *Nagareshu Kanchi * *பாரதத்தில்**, **அயோத்தி**, **மதுரா**, **மாயா (ஹரித்துவார்)**, **காசி**, **அவந்திகா (உஜ்ஜயினி)**, **துவாரகை ஆகிய வடமாநில ஊர்களுடன் தென்னகத்தின் காஞ்சிபுரம் உட்பட ஏழு இடங்கள் மோட்சத்தை தரும் மோட்சபுரிகள் என அழைக்கப்படுகின்றன. * *Seven of holy cities of Sapta Puri are Ayodhya, Mathura, Maya (Haridwar), Kasi (Varanasi), Kanchi (Kanchipuram), Avantika (Ujjain) and Dvaravati* *உலகம் அழியும் காலத்தில்**, **ஒரு சில ஊர்கள் மட்டும் அழியாது என புராணங்கள் கூறுகின்றன. * *அதில் சிவனால் பாதுகாக்க ப்படும் தலம் கும்பகோணம். * *அன்னை காமாட்சியால் பாதுகாக்கப்படும் தலம் காஞ்சிபுரம். * *எனவே இந்த ஊரை பிரளயஜித் க்ஷேத்ரம் என்பர். பிரளயம் என்றால் உலக அழிவு. ஜித் என்றால் வெற்றி. * *இங்கிருக்கும் காமாட்சி மூன்று தேவியரின் அம்சமாகத் திகழ்கிறாள். * *ஸ்ரீதேவியான லட்சுமி**, **வாக்தேவியான சரஸ்வதி**, **சவுபாக்கிய தேவதையான அம்பாள் ஆகியோர் வாசம் செய்யும் ஊர் இது. * * இவ்வூரை விட்டு**, **இவர்கள் ஒருநாளும் பிரிவதில்லை என்ற அந்தஸ்தைக் கொண்டது. * *புண்ணிய பாரதத்தின் நாபி (தொப்புள்) ஸ்தலமாக விளங்குவது காஞ்சிபுரம். * * பிரம்மா செய்த வேள்வியின் போது**, **அவிர்பாகம் ஏற்ற திருமால்**, **சங்கு சக்கர கதாதாரியாய் இவ்வூரில் தங்கி அருள்பாலிக்கிறார். * *இவ்வூரின் வரதராஜப் பெருமாள்**, **உலகளந்த பெருமாள் கோயில்கள் பிரம்மாண்டமானவை.* *இது பஞ்சபூத க்ஷேத்ரங்களில் பிருத்வி(நிலம்) தலமாகவும் விளங்குகிறது. * *இங்குள்ள கைலாசநாதர் கோவில் கருவறையைச் சுற்றி வரும்போது**, **சொர்க்க பிரதட்சணம் என்ற வாசல் வழியாக வெளியே வருவர். * *இப்படி வெளியேறுபவர்களுக்கு மறுஜென்மம் ஏற்படாது என்பர். * * இங்குள்ள கச்சபேஸ்வரர் கோயிலிலுள்ள இஷ்டசித்தி தீர்த்த நீரைத் தெளித்தாலே போதும். * *தீர்க்காயுள் கிடைக்கும். * * தேனம்பாக்கத்திலுள்ள சிவாஸ்தானம் கோயிலில் மிகப்பெரிய விசேஷம். * *சிவபார்வதியின் நடுவில் முருகன் * *இருந்தால் சோமாஸ்கந்தர் என அழைப்போம். * *இங்கே முருகனுக்கு பதிலாக விநாயகர் நடுவில் இருக்கிறார்**. * *காஞ்சிப்பெரியவர் விருப்பமுடன் இங்கு தங்கி பக்தர்களுக்கு அருள்பாலித்த சிறப்பு பெற்ற இடம் இது. * *கந்தபுராணம் எழுதிய கச்சியப்ப சிவாச்சாரியார் வாழ்ந்த பூமி இது. * *அவரால் புகழப்பட்ட குமரக்கடவுள் அருளும் குமரக்கோட்டம் கோயில் இங்கு தான் உள்ளது. * *காஞ்சிபுரத்தை சத்யவிரத க்ஷேத்ரம் என்றும் புகழ்வர். * *உண்மை குடியிருக்கும் ஊர் இது. * *எந்த உண்மை! சாட்சாத் காமாட்சியே * *நம்மைக் காக்க வல்லவள் என்ற உண்மை**! * *இதுபோன்ற தலங்களில் செய்யும் தானம்**, **பிராயச்சித்தம்**, **அனுஷ்டிக்கும் விரதங்களுக்கு நூறு மடங்கு புண்ணியம் அதிகம்.* ---- *நன்றி * *வணக்கம் * *வெ**. ஸ்ரீதரன்* *திருச்சிராப்பள்ளி* -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "iyer123" group. 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