Over 6,000 years ago, a mysterious civilization had detailed maps of our
solar system.
The Sumerians created these drawings using clay. The surviving drawings
show that they understood that the sun is a star at the center of the solar
system and that other planets revolve around it.
They even accurately sketched the orbits and positions of the planets.
Interestingly, some of their paintings also depict strange images with
giant entities.
The Sumerians considered them to be deities. Intriguingly, some of the
drawings of these gods even display symbols resembling human DNA sequences.
Additionally, they had symbols related to medicine, which bear significant
resemblance to modern medical symbols.
To this day, we still don't know understand how thousands of years ago, the
oldest civilization of mankind had such profound knowledge of Astronomy.
This raises the question of whether this ancient civilization was not
backward, but rather had advanced far beyond our current understanding of
them.
Vishhal Thakkaar
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
KR: The content of thakka is erraneous for the reasons stated below:
Mr Vishaal Thakkar did not study wholly the civilisations of the world. As
british mislead them from assyria, to sumeria to egypt to Greece and then
europe, Thakkar simply accepted it all and started an act of misplaced
sympathy.
6000 years back means 4000BCE. Because british wrote Rigvedam was 1200 BCE
from the palm leaves corbondated it saw, will it become trie? Did Vishaal
ever read that rig vedam? Understood all of them? The vedam recited only as
PLEASE DO LISTEN; NEVER SAID WRITE IT AS" remarking that we did not know to
write the alphbets as papers or palmleaves were not available then, ASo
they said it is only a sruthi to listen and by-heart. If (suppose) the
vedic civilisation did not know to record how couold have a few recorded in
4000 BCE? What was that sumerian language , grammar and and alphabets? If
deawings only in india and china 9000 years old artifacts of drawings are
seen. That os earlier to Sumerians. Now the authenticity of civilisation of
India had advanced from Harappan to 7000 to 9000 BCE. (9500 to 12000 years
back). In India. Ramayana is dated 7000 BCE; Mahabhartham 3100 BCe ; 5500
to 9500 years back. Rig vedam was known to Rama so that those verses should
have been atleast older by 1000 years for Rama. That meant rig vedam is
datable 10000 years older. older than sumeia{(hunduism speaks about MERU
(SUMERU)}.
Rig vedam saus that SUN a star and rolls over the ends in ayanas;
and never sets; one side is dark and the other side is lighted etc. Did
vishaal tried to know about this? The Aitareya Brahmana (2.7) states:
(attached to the Rig vedam as old as Rig vedam) The [sun] never really sets
or rises. In that they think of him 'He is setting,' having reached the end
of the day, he inverts himself; thus he makes evening below, day above. Given
this variety of explanations, there is nothing particularly surprising
about the idea that the sun turns to face some other land at the end of the
day. There is a contrast in the cited passage with some other explanation,
but it's not clear what the original writer would have meant by the phrase
"when people think the sun is setting" - sunset is, after all, a real
phenomenon. Possibly there was an alternative tradition that the sun deity
died and was reborn (as did, for instance, the Ancient Egyptian Ra
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra>), and this writer was asserting that it
"lived" continuously (as did, for instance, the Ancient Greek Helios
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helios>). Nor does the passage quoted
actually match our modern scientific understanding in any detail. There is
no singular moment where all observers would see the sun "reaching the end
of the day"; rather, at every moment, it is sunset somewhere in the world.
Nor does the sun "make itself produce two opposite effects"; it continues
its same brightness, just obscured by the shadow of the Earth.
Therefore, it is not surprising to find the main context of Sun never
setting or rising statement. Immediately after the Sun never setting or
rising, a statement like this appears, {"he (sun) never really sets or
rises. In that they think of him He is setting ', verily having reached the
end of the day, he inverts himself ; thus he makes evening below, day
above. Again in that they think of him ' He is rising in the morning,
verily having reached the end of night he inverts 'himself ; thus he makes
day below, night above. He never sets ; indeed he never sets, union with
him and identity of form and world he attains"], The use of capital H in
"He" makes it clear that Sun is being treated as a deity, which inverts
itself to cause day and night. Thus it is hard to associate a scientific
meaning with this statement.Praying and worshipping the Sun, is apparently
prehistoric. One should not extract a scientific meaning from a
coincidental mention of Sun never setting in a very old literature, which
may have changed over a course of centuries.
Rig Veda 10.22.14 “This earth is devoid of hands and legs, yet it moves
ahead. All the objects over the earth also move with it. It moves around
the sun.
Rig Veda 10.149.1 “The sun has tied Earth and other planets through
attraction and moves them around itself as if a trainer moves newly trained
horses around itself holding their reins.”
Yajur Veda 33.43 “The sun moves in its own orbit in space taking along with
itself the mortal bodies like earth through force of attraction.”
Rig Veda 1.164.13 “Sun moves in its orbit which itself is moving. Earth and
other bodies move around sun due to force of attraction, because sun is
heavier than them.
Atharva Veda 4.11.1 “The sun has held the earth and other planets”
earliest traces of a counter-intuitive idea that it is the Earth that is
actually moving and the Sun that is at the centre of the solar system
(hence the concept of heliocentrism) is found in several Vedic Sanskrit
texts written in ancient India. Yajnavalkya recognized that the Earth is
spherical and believed that the Sun was "the centre of the spheres" as
described in the Vedas at the time. In his astronomical text Shatapatha
Brahmana (8.7.3.10) he states: "The sun strings these worlds - the earth,
the planets, the atmosphere - to himself on a thread." He recognized that
the Sun was much larger than the Earth, which would have influenced this
early heliocentric concept. He also accurately measured the relative
distances of the Sun and the Moon from the Earth as 108 times the diameters
of these heavenly bodies, close to the modern measurements of 107.6 for the
Sun and 110.6 for the Moon. He also described a solar calendar in the
Shatapatha Brahmana. The Vedic Sanskrit text Aitareya Brahmana (2.7) (c.
9th–8th century BC) also states: "The Sun never sets nor rises thats right.
When people think the sun is setting, it is not so; they are mistaken."
This indicates that the Sun is stationary (hence the Earth is moving around
it), which is elaborated in a later commentary Vishnu Purana (2.8) (c. 1st
century), which states: "The sun is stationed for all time, in the middle
of the day. [...] Of the sun, which is always in one and the same place,
there is neither setting nor rising." (See Haug, Martin and Basu (1974),
Joseph (2000), Kak (2000) in Selin (2000), Teresi (2002) and Blavatsky
(1877) for further information.)
rahmanda Purana 1.2.21.87-88 “Everyday the sun traverses those (zones) in
due order. *Just as the outer rim of the potter’s wheel comes back quickly
(i.e. revolves), so also the sun functions quickly* during his Souther
transit. Hence, *he traverses a major portion of the Earth* in the course
of a shorter period.” Tr. G.V. Tagare
Brahmanda Purana I.2.23.44-45 “Thus the sun traverses the quarters by means
of his swift chariot with one wheel. The horses are splendid but they do
not have the usual place (? Akramaih). In the course of a day and night,
the sun traverses the earth consisting of the seven continents and oceans
by means of his chariot with a single wheel.” Tr. G.V. Tagare
Matsya Purana 126.41-46 “*The Sun in course of one single day and night
goes swiftly over the world consisting of the seven oceans and the seven
islands*, seating in His one-wheeled chariot and drawn by seven horses. The
seven horses yoked to the Sun’s chariot are no other than the seven
chhandas metres); they can assume forms at their will; they go as they
like…*Ascending
on such a chariot the Sun travels the earth in course of one day (24
hours.)* The horses were yoked at the beginning of Kalpa and carry on the
Sun toll the end of the Great Dissolution (Maha Pralaya). Thus He goes on
round and round, day and night, surrounded by the Valakhillya Munis…” Tr.
Taluqdar of Oudh, Edited by B.D. Basu
Vayu Purana I.52.43-44 “Thus the Sun moves ahead quickly in his celestial
sphere by means of his single-wheeled chariot dragged by the unimpaired
gentle horses. In the course of a day and night he traverses over the world
of seven continents and oceans by means of his single wheeled chariot
dragged by the seven horses.” Tr. G.V. Tagare
Vayu Purana I.50.142 “Within a short time, therefore, the sun traverses the
extensive earth. Within twelve Muhurtas it traverses quickly from the south
to the north.” Tr. G.V. tagare
Brahmanda Purana I.2.23.44-45 “Thus the sun traverses the quarters by means
of his swift chariot with one wheel. The horses are splendid but they do
not have the usual place (? Akramaih). In the course of a day and night,
the sun traverses th earth consisting of the seven continenents and oceans
by means of his chariot with a single wheel.” Tr. G.V. Tagare
Linga Purana Section I.54.9-12 “…Similarly when the sucker of waters *(i.e.
the sun) moves about in the middle of Puskara the mountain to the north of
Manasa, he traverses a thirtieth part of the earth* *in a Muhurta (48 mts)*.
Understand this number in yojanas travelled in a Muhurta. The speed of the
noble souled sun per Muhurta is three million one hundred and fifty
thousand yojanas…” Tr. Board of Scholars, edited by J.L. Shastri
Vayu Purana I.50.119-121; Matsya Purana 124.40-60 “When the sun passes
through the middle of the sky, *it traverses one thirtieth of the diameter
of the earth* in a Muhurta (forty eight minutes). In regard to the distance
traversed in Yojanas, know that it is three million one hundred and fifty
thousand in full. This is the distance traverses by the sun in one
Muhurta.” Tr. G.V. Tagare
Srimad Bhagavatam 5.22.5 “The sun-god, who is Nārāyaṇa, or Viṣṇu, the soul
of all the worlds, is situated in outer space between the upper and lower
portions of the universe. Passing through twelve months on the wheel of
time, the sun comes in touch with twelve different signs of the zodiac…”
THE LOTHAL EXCAVATIONS
A thick ring shell at the Indus Valley Civilization site of Lothal, with
four slits each in two margins served as a compass to measure angles on
plane surfaces or in the horizon in multiples of 40 degrees, up to 360
degrees. Such shell instruments were probably invented to measure 8–12
whole sections of the horizon and sky, explaining the slits on the lower
and upper margins. Archaeologists consider this as evidence that the Lothal
experts had achieved an 8–12 fold division of horizon and sky, as well as
an instrument for measuring angles and perhaps the position of stars, and
for navigation.
Lothal is one of the southernmost cities of the ancient Indus valley
civilization, located in the Bhāl region of the modern state of Gujarāt and
first inhabited c. 3700 BCE. (6000 years old discovery Discovered in 1954,
Lothal was excavated from 13 February 1955 to 19 May 1960 by the
Archaeological Survey of India the official Indian government agency for
the preservation of ancient monuments. According to the ASI, Lothal had the
world’s earliest known dock, which connected the city to an ancient course
of the Sabarmati River on the trade route between Harappan cities in Sindh
and the peninsula of Saurashtra when the surrounding Kutch desert of today
was a part of the Arabian Sea. However, this interpretation has been
challenged by other archaeologists, who argue that Lothal was a
comparatively small town, and that the “dock” was actually an irrigation
tank.
The Surya Siddhanta describes rules to calculate the motions of various
planets and the moon relative to various constellations, diameters of
various planets, and calculates the orbits of various astronomical bodies.
The text asserts that the universe is of a spherical shape. It treats the
earth as a stationary plane above which the sun orbits, and makes no
mention of Uranus, Neptune or Pluto. It calculates the earth’s diameter to
be 8,000 miles (modern: 7,928 miles), diameter of moon as 2,400 miles
(actual ~2,160) and the distance between moon and earth to be 258,000 miles
(actual ~238,000). The text is known for some of earliest known discussion
of sexagesimal fractions and trigonometric functions. In a work called the
Pañca-siddhāntikā composed in the sixth century by Varāhamihira, five
astronomical treatises are named and summarised: Paulīśa-siddhānta,
Romaka-siddhānta, Vasiṣṭha-siddhānta, Sūrya-siddhānta, and
Paitāmaha-siddhānta.
The Surya Siddhanta states that the sidereal period of moon is 27.322 which
compares to 27.32166 in modern calculations. For Mercury it states the
period to be 87.97 (modern W: 87.969), Venus 224.7 (W: 224.701), Mars as
687 (W: 686.98), Jupiter as 4,332.3 (W: 4,332.587) and Saturn to be
10,765.77 days (W: 10,759.202). (3500 yerars before) The Surya Siddhanta
also estimates the diameters of the planets. The estimate for the diameter
of Mercury is 3,008 miles, an error of less than 1% from the currently
accepted diameter of 3,032 miles. It also estimates the diameter of Saturn
as 73,882 miles, which again has an error of less than 1% from the
currently accepted diameter of 74,580. Its estimate for the diameter of
Mars is 3,772 miles, which has an error within 11% of the currently
accepted diameter of 4,218 miles. It also estimated the diameter of Venus
as 4,011 miles and Jupiter as 41,624 miles, which are roughly half the
currently accepted values, 7,523 miles and 88,748 miles, respectively.
The Rigveda shows that the Indians divided the year into 360 days, and the
year was subdivided into 12 months of 30 days. Every 5 years, two
intercalary periods were added to bring the calendar back in line with the
solar year, ensuring that years averaged 366 days. However, the Indian year
still migrated four days in every five years, and Indian astronomers
constantly tweaked and adjusted their calendars over the millennia. The
text also shows that the Indians used four cardinal points for ensuring the
correct orientation of altars.
ence such unverified patriotism of any person is pardobable since he never
read in detail the other contents pf truth available aroung him. K
Rajaram IRS 41124
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