On 4/5/17 11:13 AM, Bill Hawkins wrote:
The rotary generators in a system of connected generators are synchronous machines. There is no frequency difference between them, only phase angle, and not much of that - if the system is stable.
Yes.. basically a bunch of coupled oscillators, and unlike the cool demos with a bunch of metronomes on a table that self sync, the coupling factors among oscillators are not all the same, and the damping of each oscillator is different.
Managed historically by people turning a knob and relying on the large mass (both literally and figuratively) keeping it from going awry. If you mess up too much, you get a trip and your generator is offline, suddenly, with no load.
Long transmission lines (1000s of km) cause real problems because they have time delay that is a significant fraction of a cycle. So now you have coupled oscillators connected by a transmission line (with the characteristics of that transmission line time varying, to a certain extent).
Computerized Dispatch (which is what the process of coordinating the generation and load is) has been around since the 1960s, but it's not perfect.
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