Hi

A couple of thoughts (from a cognitive psychologist of the "old" school).

1.  Much neuroscience is remarkably ignorant of past investigations of the 
phenomena under study.  How often have recent brain imagers claimed to be the 
first ones studying consciousness?  I remember being amazed a few weeks ago 
when a contemporary brain stimulation person expressed surprised about the work 
of Delgado decades ago.  John Horgan has a nice article on this at:

http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~clark/teach/

If they are unaware of research even in the neurosciences, how much can we 
expect them to know about traditional cognitive psychology?  This in no way 
means traditional cognitive psychology is irrelevant to their work, just that 
they don't know about it (see point 2).

2.  Research on brain processes is MUCH more likely to be successful if guided 
by well-founded cognitive models.  Can we really expect that progress will be 
made in understanding one of the most (perhaps the most?) complex systems in 
the universe purely using inductive methods starting from scratch (i.e., absent 
knowledge of the considerable traditional literature)?  Absent building on past 
work, I would predict a great deal of time spent rediscovering the wheel.

3.  Cognitive psychology in fact has had a number of phases of theoretical 
thinking that integrates nicely with the study of brain processes.  Neural 
networks (or whatever) has already been mentioned.  I would also include 
associative models of any sort, computational or not, starting with the early 
associationists and then later researchers who tried to explain cognitive 
processes in terms of mechanistic, associative models.  The work in this 
tradition that I am most familiar with is Allen Paivio's dual coding model (he 
was my advisor), but there are numerous such models or micro-models out there 
(e.g., models of reading, picture naming, ...).  This class of model translates 
nicely into the study of brain processes, because the models try not to include 
complex operators (e.g., if-then mechanisms) without providing a mechanistic 
description.  Not always easy to do.

4.  Is some of the movement from cognitive psychology to neuroscience (assuming 
there is such a movement) due to the separation of many basic scientists from 
psychology associations because "psychology" acquired (to some) unwanted 
connotations because of the dominance of clinicians?  In addition to the APA - 
APS split, Canadian basic psychologists left the Canadian Psychological 
Association to form the Canadian Society for Brain, Behavior, and Cognitive 
Science (CS-BBCS or just BBCS) some years ago.  Note the absence of the word 
"psychology."

5.  For what it is worth, when I teach cognitive I teach the standard 
information-processing model and use it to organize material, but also try to 
relate it to other models (associationist/computational/neural), suggesting 
that they are different (but not incompatible) ways to conceptualize the 
phenomena (e.g., STM = transient activation, LTM = permanent change in 
associations).  A not unheard of situation in science (wave - particles, 
Newtonian - Einsteinian, ...).

Take care
Jim







James M. Clark
Professor of Psychology
204-786-9757
204-774-4134 Fax
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 
Department of Psychology
University of Winnipeg
Winnipeg, Manitoba
R3B 2E9
CANADA


>>> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 02-Nov-08 5:08 PM >>>
I love tips :) Except for the posting limit ;-)

So I am making an omnibus reply to several posts. 

Claudia you made some great points about things that have come and gone. I 
might love to argue and discuss a few points, such as bottleneck models of 
attention--because I think we are throwing the baby out with the bathwater on 
that one. (I did a 3-year post doc on (cognitive aging and specifically) 
attention 
and have great respect for both models.) I think you misunderstood something I 
said. My intent was to make the point that sensation, perception...decision 
making are indeed the traditional areas of study in cognitive psych, but that 
many aspects of these areas lately only seem to be covered to the extent that 
they have some relation to either neural network (PDP--too long to write out or 
use) models or some neuroscience/biological component--which really we are 
only guessing is correctly imaging what we think we are imaging. Really, our 
background knowledge is only partial, so it's hard to be so certain about what 
is 
building on it. I'm a skeptic here--open to suggestions but very cautious. 

Indeed, most of your points still focus on traditional approaches to cognition 
that rely on inferring cognitive processes from our behaviors--capacity models 
of attention, working memory--although I don't know anyone who would argue 
vigorously that there is a unitary memory system--i.e, the old boxes model 
still 
holds to the extent that there are qualitatively different memory systems for 
long term storage and for working on information in the present; anyway, just 
saying that we could have a vigorous (friendly! educational!) discussion over 
some of these points.

In regards to Gary's reply: Oh No! I never saw myself as Skinnerian. I really 
and 
truly believe we have a very rich inner thought life that is distinct from 
stimulus 
response contingencies! :) But, like you, I am left wondering when history 
happened and I blinked and missed it!

Mike: OK, a new book on my amazon wishlist: Artificial Dreams. Interestingly, 
it 
has no reader reviews, and is a bit pricey. Hmm, maybe I should get it from the 
library :) How do you find time to keep up with all the literature?

I knew I could count on tips folks to get a discussion going; I will follow 
along. 

However, I think I still stand by my current thinking (but am willing to 
change) 
that for the junior/senior level undergraduate what I want to teach them is 
more 
strongly focused on our incomplete knowledge developed from behavioral 
studies, rather than spending too much time talking about imaging correlates of 
incomplete knowledge. Does that make sense?

Annette

ps: analysis by synthesis dead? Wow, I'd better stop reading my old Neisser 
over 
and over again ;-) 



Annette Kujawski Taylor, Ph.D.
Professor of Psychology
University of San Diego
5998 Alcala Park
San Diego, CA 92110
619-260-4006
[EMAIL PROTECTED] 



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