To my last (unfinished) post, I meant to end it saying that causal
interpretations are limited because gender of subject is a subject variable,
nor a true IV. Interpreting subject variables is complex. I think of them as
"empty" IVs because you'd want to know more than just males differ from
females. The true IVs will be found in either genetics or environemntal
factors. The same happens with "age" as a subject IV in developmental
research. If all you know is that 10 year old children are different than 8
year olds, you don't know much. Age allow _real_ IVs to operate, so you'd want
to know what transpired in those 2 years to cause the change. This is very
difficult to do when the study involves maturational changes as well as
environmental changes, and also very difficult with gender as as IV, too.
--
* John W. Kulig, Department of Psychology ************************
* Plymouth State College Plymouth NH 03264 *
* [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://oz.plymouth.edu/~kulig *
*******************************************************************
* "Eat bread and salt and speak the truth" Russian proverb *
*******************************************************************
