I normally have one advice for students and that is,"Just KNOW it".And the 
best way to test one's knowledge is to test one's self by writing out questions 
and answering  them.Whereas students like getting
pointers about study skills,there is a danger that students may attribute their 
success to the methodology.It is essential that they really have to practice is 
"outpit" and the quality and quantity of encoding specificity are only one 
aspect,but no amount of encoding specificity will be adjunctive if the students 
do not practice output.
Interestingly enough,encoding specificity has an impact on storage.
Auditory verbal encoding are more likely to faciltate storage and consequently 
output.The same room study and test paradigm may not be critical.As a matter of 
fact it could be a mis-attribution. I subscribe to the notion that intelligence 
has lots to do with the ability to ward off  distractions.A student who is 
cognitively able to study in a very noisy cafeteria probably comprehends better 
than in a quiet library.
Telling students to Just KNOW it and stressng praticing  "output" are more 
congruent with the reality of learning.After all it is output we test,input and 
storage are hypothetical.

Michael "omnicentric" Sylvester,PhD
Daytona Beach,Florida
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