Mike Palij wrote, quoting me first:

>>Just in case that might not be true, I think it might
>>be more productive to look for reasons that both
>>the right and the left might fear finding that human
>>behavior is largely determined by environment.
>>
>>Wouldn't it be more productive to spend the time checking
>>out the evidence itself?

>Indeed, but considering that I posted this late on a Friday
>evening, one might be forgiven for not being more engaged
>in fact checking (especially with a Yankee game on ;-).

Mike: The quote was from Rick Froman, so my comment wasn't directed at 
you!

>Though I am sure that Allen's depiction of James as
>an all-round intellectual badguy is valid, Allen did not
>address the specific points in James article.

Wasn't my extensive post long enough for you. :-)

I am not in a position to respond to specific points in James' article 
without undertaking a full investigation of the studies he cites. But I 
do know (as I hope my several citations indicated) that James 
cherry-picks (and sometimes gives an incomplete or misleading 
impression of) the studies he cites, so what he writes should always be 
treated with caution.

Mine:
>>Alternatively, may I suggest that, if are inclined to follow
>>up your [i.e. Rick's] own suggestion, you might also look
>>at the reasons why (predominantly) many on the Left
>>might fear finding that genetic predispositions play a
>>substantial role in human behaviour.

Mike's response:
>Well, that one is easy, both historically and philosophically
>though James did allude to some of the reasons towards
>the end of his article, namely, that genes imply, at least
>popularly, that certain characteristics of individuals
>are immutable and unchangable and that individuals with
>such "traditional" genetic defects as "stupidity", "reluctance
>to work", etc. (extra points to anyone who can explain
>"draptomania" without checking out the Wikipedia entry on
>it here:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapetomania  ), will require
>individuals with "superior genetics" to take care of them...

If you're going to rebut a position, you really should tackle the best 
arguments for that position, not the crudest one or a caricature of 
that position (a straw man argument). Virtually no serious academics or 
commentators would dream of saying that certain characteristics are 
immutable and unchangeable, or assert what you say here after that.

>-- one of the issues that Charles Murray and Richard
>Herrnstein tackled in their right-wing "The Bell Curve".

One doesn't have to take a position on the arguments in "The Bell 
Curve" (and I don't pretend to have the statistical knowledge or the 
time available for a close reading and investigation of the contentions 
in that book) to know that what you have implied here (in the context 
of your words immediately before this reference to Murray and 
Herrnstein) about the views of those authors is a caricature of their 
position.

>So, while Oliver James may claim that genes account for a tiny
>amount of behavioral characteristics (say, 1%), Murray and
>Herrnstein would argue that certain characteristics, such as
>"intelligence" as reflected by a "general intelligence factor" or
>"g" has, say, 40-80% of its variability accounted for by genetic
>factors.  I'll leave it to the interested reader to locate the APA
>Task Force on Intelligence Report on the "The Bell
>Curve" and what it states.  The nickle version is available here:
>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence:_Knowns_and_Unknowns

For those who don't think an APA report is necessarily the last word on 
The Bell Curve (or any other issue), *The Bell Curve Debate* contains 
81 contributions on both sides of the debate (and no doubt many shades 
in between):
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bell_Curve_Debate

>[…]
>But if one believes that environments can't overcome such
>genetic influences, then the best one can do is control the
>"genetic defectives" so that they have minimal opportunities
>to disrupt society and stay out of the way of the "genetic superiors"
>[…]

See above remarks about caricatures and straw man arguments.


Rick Froman writes:
>Well, when I read the word "appreciation" in the first
>line of Allen's post, I wondered if he had recognized
>the sarcasm in my remarks and returned with his own.

Sorry about that, Rick. But as you suggest, an outsider to the US scene 
would be hard put to appreciate you were being sarcastic:
>Good point. The media is widely known for their right
>wing proclivities.

I took my cue for the rest of your post from my misconception about 
this initial comment. Re-reading it in the light of what you now tell 
me, I can see I failed to grasp the import of your follow-up remarks.

Allen Esterson
Former lecturer, Science Department
Southwark College, London
[email protected]
http://www.esterson.org

-------------------------------------------------------
Re:[tips] Are Genes Left-Wing?
Mike Palij
Sat, 16 Oct 2010 05:25:09 -0700
On Sat, 16 Oct 2010 02:22:47 -0700, Allen Esterson wrote:
>Rick Froman writes in appreciation of Mike Palij's quotations from
>Oliver James's article in The Guardian "Why genes are leftwing":
>
>>Good point. The media is widely known for their
>>right wing proclivities.
>
>Hey! We don't all live in the States!
>
>The most influential medium in the UK, the BBC, is hardly "right 
wing".
>And while the popular national press is predominantly right-wing, 
there
>is also a strong centrist and left-wing presence.

First, I want to thank Allen for providing background on Oliver
James.  I had gotten a pointer to the article from another list that 
I'm
on and was not familiar with his background (though I had looked 
briefly
on the Guardian website for some background on James but I did
not find anything; I would have searched more but I was taking a
break from Yankees-Rangers League Championship game #1 when
they were still down 5 runs before their AMAZING comeback to
win the game -- GO YANKEES! ;-)

>>Just in case that might not be true, I think it might
>>be more productive to look for reasons that both
>>the right and the left might fear finding that human
>>behavior is largely determined by environment.
>
>Wouldn't it be more productive to spend the time checking out the
>evidence itself?

Indeed, but considering that I posted this late on a Friday evening,
one might be forgiven for not being more engaged in fact
checking (especially with a Yankee game on ;-).  It should be
noted that James does not refer to psychoanalysis at all in the
article, instead he focuses on research on the human genome,
the editorial in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,
and related sources that argue that "It's The Environment, Stupid!",
the research by Anita Thapar which has been used to calim that
there is a genetic basis to ADHD but examination of her results
appear to suggest that only 16% of the children in her sample
had genetic characteristics that she claimed served as the basis
for ADHA, and so on.  Though I am sure that Allen's depiction
of James as an all-round intellectual badguy is valid, Allen
did not address the specific points in James article.

>Alternatively, may I suggest that, if are inclined to follow up your
>own suggestion, you might also look at the reasons why (predominantly)
>many on the Left might fear finding that genetic predispositions play 
a
>substantial role in human behaviour. (You could start with Oliver
>James. :-) )

Well, that one is easy, both historically and philosophically though
James did allude to some of the reasons towards the end of his article,
namely, that genes imply, at least popularly, that certain 
characteristics
of individuals are immutable and unchangable and that individuals with
such "traditional" genetic defects as "stupidity", "reluctance to work",
etc. (extra points to anyone who can explain "draptomania" without
checking out the Wikipedia entry on it here:
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapetomania  ), will require individuals
with "superior genetics" to take care of them -- one of the issues that
Charles Murray and Richard Herrnstein tackled in their right-wing
"The Bell Curve". Quoting from the Wikipedia entry on "The Bell
Curve" (yada-yada):

|Its central argument is that intelligence is a better predictor of 
many
|factors including financial income, job performance, unwanted 
pregnancy,
|and crime than parents' socioeconomic status or education level. Also,
|the book argues that those with high intelligence, the "cognitive 
elite",
|are becoming separated from those of average and below-average
|intelligence and that this is a dangerous social trend. Most of the
|controversy concerns Chapters 13 and 14, in which the authors wrote
|about racial differences in intelligence and discuss the implications 
of
|those differences. The authors were reported throughout the popular
|press as arguing that these IQ differences are genetic, and they did
|indeed write in chapter 13: "It seems highly likely to us that both 
genes
|and the environment have something to do with racial differences."
|The introduction to the chapter more cautiously states, "The debate
|about whether and how much genes and environment have to do with
|ethnic differences remains unresolved."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bell_Curve

So, while Oliver James may claim that genes account for a tiny amount
of behavioral characteristics (say, 1%), Murray and Herrnstein would
argue that certain characteristics, such as "intelligence" as reflected 
by
a "general intelligence factor" or "g" has, say, 40-80% of its 
variability
accounted for by genetic factors.  I'll leave it to the interested 
reader
to locate the APA Task Force on Intelligence Report on the "The Bell
Curve" and what it states.  The nickle version is available here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence:_Knowns_and_Unknowns
(Hint:  there's a link to the report at the end of the entry)

This wouldn't be much of an issue if one assumed that the environment
could overcome genetic influences -- one would then be focused on
how to structure environments in order to overcome the genetic 
influences.
But if one believes that environments can't overcome such genetic 
influences,
then the best one can do is control the "genetic defectives" so that 
they have
minimal opportunities to disrupt society and stay out of the way of the
"genetic superiors".   It's an old story, perhaps told most 
interetingly by
Huxley in his "Brace New World" or in a more scholarly fashion by
Danial Kevles in his "In the Name of Eugenics", and we have some sense
as to how that can end up.  Right-wingers tend to worry about social
control (policy implications:  build more prisons, arrest more people,
associate civil rights with being weak on crime, etc.) while 
left-wingers
tend to worry about changing the environment and increasing 
opportunities
(e.g., imporving health care, educational systems, etc.).

Of course, there are variaous perspectives on the nature-nurture
debate as well as on gene-environment interactions that may make
certain behavioral categories worse or better.  But I've got an AL LCS
game 2 to prepare for, so I'll leave this for someone else to explore. 
;-)

-Mike Palij
New York University
[email protected]





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