On Tue, Jul 14, 2026 at 5:12 PM John Gray <John.Gray=
[email protected]> wrote:

> We need to support composite authentication in private PKI use-cases.   In
> a private PKI, it is easy for us to issue composite certificates.  We have
> business to business applications which communicate via TLS and they make
> use our PKI issued certificates.  We need to be able to use composite
> authentication between them.
>
> >With composite certificates, the combinatorial explosion occurs directly
> >in certificates, which is the absolutely worst place to have that in.
>
> As Scott said, Composite signatures are just a signature algorithm, and they 
> already have IANA registered OIDs.
> At the certificate level, they are just a signature.  The certificate logic 
> doesn't need any changes.  I did not have
> to change my Certificate, CSR, CRL, OCSP or any other signed PKI structures 
> for them to work, just like I didn't
> have to change them to add ML-DSA.   That is why we have algorithm 
> identifiers, to give us agility.  Once my
> crypto library supports the signature algorithm, it just drops in, the same 
> is true with Composite signatures.
>
> By the way, I'm not against the multi-certificates draft either.  I don't 
> agree that there has to be 3 PKI's in
> a transition...   Traditional - > PQ/T  -> PQ.     Once you are on a PQ/T, 
> you don't need to be in a hurry to migrate away
> from it.  If EC/RSA is broken by a CRQQ, then composite ML-DSA is close to as 
> good as pure ML-DSA at that point,
> so why would you need to expend the effort to move to the pure ML-DSA when 
> you are already essentially there?
>
> Because we do not want to carry that legacy code forward when it is not
needed.
This is a code that you need to maintain, fix bugs, test, etc; we would
rather get rid of it completely when it is not needed.


> Then, even if you decided to move to a different algorithm because you don't 
> like ML-DSA anymore, you would
> probably decide to move to whatever the best algorithm is at that time, which 
> could be a PQ/PQ if you are still
> concerned about algorithm resiliency.
>
> You can do that easily with the Dual approach.



> So I agree that a third migration will definitely happen one day, I am
> just not convinced it needs to happen before there is a CRQC.
>
> Maybe, but that transition period might take a very long time, and keeping
the old legacy code around might not be the best approach.

Regards,
 Rifaat



>  I also know there will be 4th and 5th migrations,
> and that such migrations will continue for the foreseeable future.   🙂
>
> The negotiated resiliency in the multi-certificates drafts is definitely more 
> complicated, but can be a flexible
> mechanism to handle all the various combinations of algorithms that will be 
> invented.
> A word of caution:  When we originally designed composite signatures back in 
> 2019, we tried to make it flexible
> in a similar way as multi-certs.   We defined s structure called composite 
> that specified the algorithm identifiers
> for the algorithms that make up the composite. The LAMPS working group told 
> us it was a "foot canon" and that
> implementors would choose the worst possible Insecure combinations, and that 
> we needed to take the
> choice away.  Is the dual certs draft going to ensure any kind of safety 
> rail?   Like whitelists of algorithms that
> are useable with the mechanism?   I confess I haven't read the latest update 
> yet.  🙁
>
> Cheers,
>
> John Gray
>
>
> ------------------------------
> *From:* [email protected] <[email protected]> on behalf of
> Ilari Liusvaara <[email protected]>
> *Sent:* Tuesday, July 14, 2026 4:11 PM
> *To:* <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
> *Subject:* [EXTERNAL] [TLS] Re: Fwd: New Version Notification for
> draft-yusef-tls-pqt-dual-certs-02.txt
>
> On Tue, Jul 14, 2026 at 06: 01: 55PM +0000, Scott Fluhrer (sfluhrer)
> wrote: > Forgive my curiosity, but could you please expand on that? > > We
> designed the composite certificates/signatures to act like "just > another
> signature algorithm"
>
> On Tue, Jul 14, 2026 at 06:01:55PM +0000, Scott Fluhrer (sfluhrer) wrote:
> > Forgive my curiosity, but could you please expand on that?
> >
> > We designed the composite certificates/signatures to act like "just
> > another signature algorithm" (if you don't peek into the innards and
> > I don't know why anything other than the low level crypto would need
> > to).
>
> Introducing a new algorithm requires creating a new line of certificates,
> and most webservers just do not support any sane way of automatically
> doing that.
>
> And even if webserver does support it, there are all manner of nasty
> edge cases making life hard for the ACME client.
>
>
> > My personal opinion: I see the need for both pure and hybrid
> > authentication. However, the hybrid authentication needn't be
> > composite certificates - dual (aka parallel) certificates would
> > address the need just as well.
>
> My opinion is that hybrid authentication should be left to
> environments with security profile standard specifying it.
>
> And while dual certificates are in theory simple (do both independently
> with intersected algorithm list), in practice this causes major issues
> with APIs (since there are now two EEs).
>
> With composite certificates, the combinatorial explosion occurs directly
> in certificates, which is the absolutely worst place to have that in.
>
>
> > ________________________________
> > From: Ilari Liusvaara <[email protected]>
> > Sent: Tuesday, July 14, 2026 1:44 PM
> > To: <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
> > Subject: [TLS] Re: Fwd: New Version Notification for 
> > draft-yusef-tls-pqt-dual-certs-02.txt
> >
> > As an operator, I can say that issuing composite certificate is a big
> > deal, even with automation like ACME. Because it involves actions that
> > can not be feasibly automated.
>
>
>
>
> -Ilari
>
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