Trisquel 7 Live DVD insists that there is "no defined root file system" and
suggests that I "correct this from the partitioning menu."
What I've done, of course, is remove the MBR or Master Boot Record.
That makes no sense. Forget about the MBR. The problem is, well, that you
have not defined a root file system from the partitioning menu. I do not know
how the error message could be better! Just start the install over and, at
the partitioning menu, define the partitions. One of them must be mounted at
/. There can even be one single partition (although I would advise you to put
/home in a separate partition) but, then, it must be the root partition
(i.e., mounted at /). The installer will take care of writing the MBR. You do
not need to worry about it.