With the Wifi disabled, I no longer get the "missing free firmware" error.
Instead I just get "Starting LightDM Display Manager, Stopping Send and event
to indicate plymouth is up" and then I am returned to the login screen.
However, I am now able to open a terminal with Ctrl-Alt-F1. I was able to log
in through the terminal, plug in the external USB adapter, and enable WiFi. I
then got the "missing free firmware" error, but only a couple of times. I
then ran "sudo apt-get update" and "sudo apt-get dist-upgrade" like you said
earlier, but did not get a "W: Possible missing firmware" message.
So I think that I can now start a root session from the terminal. Where
should '/etc/modprobe.d/iwl3945.conf' be saved, and how can I create it
within the terminal?