I now have another clear reproduction on smb6 (KVM).

The trigger is confirmed to be a direct daemon-reexec from
libc6.postinst, not needrestart.

Timeline:

03:00:27 apt-get -y upgrade started
03:00:35 libc6 upgrade started
03:00:37 libc6 configuration started
03:00:37 systemd daemon-reexec requested
03:02:08 Failed to fork off sandboxing environment for executing generators: 
Protocol error
03:02:08 Freezing execution

/var/lib/dpkg/info/libc6:amd64.postinst contains:

systemctl daemon-reexec

Therefore the needrestart override was bypassed.

/proc/1/stack after the failure shows:

do_wait -> kernel_waitid -> waitid

PID 1 is Ss in do_wait, not D-state.

I also tested all installed generators individually afterwards with a
5-second timeout. Every generator currently completes successfully,
including rpc-pipefs-generator, systemd-fstab-generator, and postfix-
instance-generator.

This suggests that whichever generator exceeded the 90-second timeout
was in a transient blocking state during the daemon-reexec.

On the next controlled update I can enable systemd debug logging before
the package upgrade in an attempt to identify the specific generator.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/2165295

Title:
  systemd freezes after daemon-reexec triggered by unattended-upgrades /
  needrestart on Ubuntu 24.04

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