The ISO fitting has been the worldwide standard long before ISO even existed. 
It is originally the BSA standard that was the de facto worldwide standard 
until the US departed from that uniformity by developing the slightly 
different version called today NP.
Both the US and BS fittings are inch based.
All major manufacturers of fittings make them with any type of pipe threads 
(taper or parallel) and any number of ordinary threads. Whether they sell 
them all in any one country is a different question.

A US (NP) and ISO (BS, DIN or any other) inch threads do screw together in 
most sizes as you experienced. But they cannot seal on the threads in 
principle. If they do, it is due to the extraordinary muscle size of the pipe 
fitter, the high strength of the goop/stuff put on the threads, and the 
undemanding performance requirement (low pressure, no vibration, etc.)

Either inch-based fitting does not screw readily into a metric fittings.
Stan Jakuba, www.awc.com/metric
PS: The term fitting was used here in a loose, all encompassing sense, as you 
named it.

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