[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
-----Original Message-----
From: Jed Rothwell
There is no energy input as far as I can tell from the descriptions.
You cannot continuously extract energy from permanent magnets any more
than you can from a spring. It appears to be a violation of the
conservation of energy.
<><><><><>
Do you have a citation for that?
Of course permanent magnets are conservative! In the macroscopic world
in which we live and in which perpetual motion machines are built, they
follow Maxwell's equations; the A field, which describes the combined E
and B fields, is conservative.
What's more, a magnetic field _does_ _no_ _work_, _ever_. It's
typically hard to see exactly what's really happening with a permanent
magnet, but this law is always followed: the force exerted by a
magnetic field on a charged particle is always perpendicular to its
motion, and hence cannot impart energy to it.
As to a citation, check any E&M text. The "standard" reference on this
is probably Jackson, titled something like "Electrodynamics".
Griffiths' text on the same subject, "Intro to Electrodynamics", is
generally considered more accessible, however.
I find no reference which says that permanent magnets are
conservative. After all, PMs get their force from a quantum function,
the spin of the electron.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetism
"The physical cause of the magnetism of objects, as distinct from
electrical currents, is the atomic magnetic dipole. Magnetic dipoles,
or magnetic moments, result on the atomic scale from the two kinds of
movement of electrons. The first is the orbital motion of the electron
around the nucleus; this motion can be considered as a current loop,
resulting in an orbital dipole magnetic moment along the axis of the
nucleus. The second, much stronger, source of electronic magnetic
moment is due to a quantum mechanical property called the spin dipole
magnetic moment (although current quantum mechanical theory states
that electrons neither physically spin, nor orbit the nucleus)."
Electron spin is a quantum effect and likely related to ZPE, IMO.
Terry
